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AAA - Board by day > 4/7 > Flashcards

4/7 Flashcards

1
Q

familial chylomicronemia

A
  • missing lipoprotein lipase or ApoC-II
  • elevated chylomicrons
  • acute pancreatitis and eruptive xanthomas
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2
Q

familial hypercholesterolemia

A
  • missing LDL or ApoB100
  • high LDL
  • premature CAD and tendon xanthomas
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3
Q

familial dysbetalipoproteinemia

A
  • missing ApoE
  • high chylomicron and VLDL remnants
  • CAD and tuboeruptive xanthomas
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4
Q

familial hypertriglyceridemia

A
  • missing ApoA-V
  • high VLDL
  • pancreatitis and obesity
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5
Q

STK11

A

Peutz-Jeghers syndrome (serine/threonine kinase)

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6
Q

Wernecke encephalopathy

A

destruction of mammillary bodies (oculomotor dysfunction and ataxia)

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7
Q

Korsakoff syndrome

A

destruction of anterior and medial thalami (amnesia, confabulation and preserved long term memory)

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8
Q

lithium and vasopressin

A

lithium causes nephrogenic DI (drugs usually cause nephrogenic)

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9
Q

bleeding in Meckel’s

A

painless, patients appear well

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10
Q

ROC curve

A

sensitivity (true positive rate) vs 1 - specificity (true negative rate)

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11
Q

activating cancer syndrome mutation

A

RET in MEN2a/b

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12
Q

Lynch syndrome

A
  • MSH mismatch repair

- colorectal, endometrial, ovarian

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13
Q

calcineurin inhibitors and side effects

A

cyclosporine and tacrolimus

- renal arteriolar vasoconstriction

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14
Q

contraindication for metoclopramide

A

Parkinson’s due to antagonism of domaine receptors

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15
Q

major problems with alkaptonuria

A

black skin, black urine, arthralgias (homogentisic acid is toxic to cartilage)

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16
Q

alpha synuclein

A

Lewy body, in Parkinsons

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17
Q

Tamm-Horsfall glycoprotein

A
  • secreted in ascending loop of Henle

- forms hyaline casts

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18
Q

foam with ethanol in amniotic fluid

A

due to surfactant

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19
Q

EKG signs of hyperkalemia

A
  • peaked T waves (earliest sign)
  • no P waves
  • prolonged PR
  • wide QRS
  • slow HR
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20
Q

EKG signs of hypokalemia

A
  • QT prolongation
  • U waves
  • ST depression
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21
Q

hyponatremia and EKG

A

does not affect

22
Q

Parinaud syndrome

A

due to mass effect of pinealoma

  • dorsal midbrain in superior colliculus region
  • upward gaze palsy, abest light reflex, impaired convergence
23
Q

Li Fraumeni vs Lynch

A

Lynch is mismatch repair and has colon cancer

- Li is p53

24
Q

cystic hygromas

A

lymphatic malformations in chromosomal abnormalities

25
Q

largest ion contributor during depolarization

A

sodium

26
Q

don’t forget about this cause for rash on the hands

A

contact dermatitis (can also be rocky mountain spotted fever, coxsackie and syphilis)

27
Q

type of rash in rocky mountain spotted fever

A

petechial

28
Q

tardive dyskinesia vs Huntingtons

A

Huntington’s also has dementia and psychiatric symptoms

29
Q

dopamine beta hydroxylase

A

converts dopamine to norepinephrine

- hypotension, nasal congestion exercise intolerance, reverse ejaculation

30
Q

orlistat

A

intestinal lipase inhibitor for weight loss

- significant GI side effects

31
Q

MOA of action of acarbose

A

inhibits amylase and glucosidase (required for digesting complex carbs), so fewer sugars get absorbed

32
Q

Jones methylamine silver

A

spikes and domes of membranous glomerulonephropathy

33
Q

test for amyloidosis

A

congo red

34
Q

parasite with phagocytosed RBC

A

entamoeba

35
Q

treatment of chlamydia vs gonorrhea

A 
chlamydia = azithro
gonorrhea = ceftriaxone
36
Q

probenecid

A

prevents organic anion transport in kidney

- good for prolonging penicillin by preventing its excretion and preventing uric acid stones by promoting its excretion

37
Q

increased risk of cancer in endometriosis

A

ovarian cancer

38
Q

major side effect of endometriosis

A

infertility

39
Q

drug eluting stent mechanism and purpose

A

everolimus inhibits mTOR blocking G1 to S phase transition and preventing smooth muscle proliferation in the intima

40
Q

RNA virus that replicates in the nucleus

A

influenza

41
Q

specific haplotype variation with impairment of IgG response is due to…

A

antigen presentation

42
Q

patients with mechanical ventilation and lung problems, think…..

A

ARDS (increase in dead space)

43
Q

leucine zipper

A

transcription factor

44
Q

locations of carbamoyl phosphate synthesis reactions

A 
1 = urea cycle, occurs in mitochondria
2 = purine and pyrimidine synthesis , occurs in cytosol
45
Q

layers of fungal membrane

A

capsule, cell wall, cell membrane

46
Q

p57

A

complete moles are p57 positive due to paternal imprinting

47
Q

cardio selective vs non selective CCBs

A 
selective = verapamil and diltiazem
non = amlodipine and others
48
Q

MODY enzyme

A

glucokinase

49
Q

decerebrate posturing

A

pontine hemorrhage

50
Q

vasogenic edema

A

due to mass obstruction of blood brain barrier

AAA - Board by day (28 decks)

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