3 Abdominal Cavity II Flashcards
(101 cards)
1
Q
major quadrants of the abdomen
A
right upper quadrant
left upper quadrant
right lower quadrant
left lower quadrant
2
Q
abdominal regions
A
R/L hypochondriac R/L lumbar R/L inguinal or iliac epigastric umbilical hypogastric
3
Q
location of kidneys
A
retroperiteneal
(left kidney) between T11 - L3
(right kidney) between T12 - L4
**liver pushes right kidney lower
4
Q
kidny FCN
A
(1) excrete metabolic rate
(2) water, electrolyte, pH balance
5
Q
kidney anatomy
A
fibrous capsule cortex medulla renal pyramid renal papillae minor calyx major calyx renal pelvis uretor hilum
6
Q
medulla of kidneys
A
middle portion that is arranged into renal pyramids
7
Q
renal circulation pathway (1)
A
aorta renal artery segmental artery interlobar artery arcuate artery cortical radiate artery
afferent arteriole glomerulus efferent arteriole pertibular capillaries cortical radiate vein arcuate vein interlobar vein renal vein inferior vena cava
A Restless Student In Anatomy Cries
After Getting Every Problem Correct Although I Really (doubt) It
8
Q
renal circulation pathway (2)
A
aorta renal artery segmental artery interlobar artery arcuate artery cortical radiate artery
afferent arteriole glomerulus efferent arteriole vasa recta cortical radiate vein arcuate vein interlobar vein renal vein inferior vena cava
A Restless Student In Anatomy Cusses After Getting (Efferent or) Very Carried Away In Retraining Information
9
Q
renal circulation pathway (3)
A
aorta renal artery segmental artery interlobar artery arcuate artery cortical radiate artery
afferent arteriole glomerulus efferent arteriole vasa recta arcuate vein interlobar vein renal vein inferior vena cava
ARSIAC AGEVAIRI
A Restless Student In Anatomy Cries
After Getting Every Vile Answer In Renal (kidney) Incorrect
10
Q
renal vein
A
carries bad blood (deoxygenated) back to heart via inferior vena cava
11
Q
nephron
A
a functional unit of the kidney
- there are various types of nephrons
12
Q
components of the nephron
A
(1) renal corpuscle
(2) collecting system (tubules)
(3) blood supply
13
Q
renal corpuscle
A
made up of
(1) glomerular capsule (tube)
(2) glomerulus (capillaries)
FCN: unregulated filtration
14
Q
nephron urinary parthway
A
(1) glomerular capsule
(2) proximal convoluted tubule
(3) nephron loop (loop of Henle)
(4) distal convoluted tubule
(5) collecting duct
(6) minor calyx
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15
Q
urine formation
A
(1) glomerular filtration
(2) tubular reabsorption
AND
(3) tubular secretion
(4) water conservation
16
Q
blomerular filtration (urine formation)
A
create plasmalike filtrate of blood
17
Q
tubular reabsorption (urine formation)
A
removes useful solutes from filtrate, returns them to blood
18
Q
tubular secretion (urine formation)
A
removes additional wastes from blood, adds them to filtrate
19
Q
water conservation (urine formation)
A
removes water from urine and returns it to blood, concentrates wastes
20
Q
ureter
A
one per kidney
conveys urine from renal pelvis to bladder
- flow via peristalsis and hydrostatic pressure
21
Q
arterial supply of ureter
A
renal artery
gonadal artery
22
Q
venous drainage of ureter
A
renal vein
gonadal vein
23
Q
bladder
A
muscular receptacle for urine
24
Q
bladder anatomy
A
body
trigone
neck
25
arterial supply of bladder
internal iliac artery
26
venous drainage of bladder
internal iliac vein
27
urethra
tube that carries urine out of body from bladder
**shorter in females
28
major components of the digestive system
GI tract
| accessory organs
29
components of the oral cavity
```
teeth
hard palate
soft palate
tongue
salivary glands (3)
```
30
total number of teeth
```
adult = 32
child = 20
```
**when Jamie was 32yrs old, I was 20yrs old
31
central incisor
erupts @ age 6-8
CI 6-8
32
lateral incisor
erupts @ age 7-9
LI 7-9
33
canine
erupts @ age 9-12
C 9-12
34
1st premolar
erupts @ age 10-12
1P 10-12
35
2nd premolar
erupts @ age 10-12
2P 10-12
36
1st molar
erupts @ age 6-7
1M 6-7
37
2nd molar
erupts @ age 11-13
2M 11-13
38
3rd molar
erupts @ age 17-25
3M 17-25
**aka wisdom tooth
39
regions of the pharynx
nasopharynx
oropharynx
laryngopharyns
40
muscle layers of the pharynx
external (constriction)
internal (elevation)
**work together to create peristalsis
41
esophagus
tube connecting oral cavity to stomach
| - landmarks: C6 - T10
42
normal anatomical constrictions of esophagus
(1) junction of pharynx + esophagus (upper esophageal sphincter)
(2) aorta + left bronchus
(3) esophageal hiatus (opening)
43
problems with lower esophageal sphincter (at diaphragm) causes
(1) gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) - acid reflex
| (2) pyrosis - heart burn
44
clinical application of lower esophageal sphincter
GERD and pyrosis common in infants because the lower esophogeal sphincter is not as well developed
45
arterial supply of esophagus
inferior thyroid artery
| left gastric vein
46
venous drainage
azygos vein
47
lower esophageal sphincter fact
physiological purpose
- dissolves after death
- cannot be seen in cadavers
48
regions of the stomach
cardiac
fundus
body
pyloric
49
anatomical features of the stomach
pyloric sphincter
great curvature
lesser curvature
rugae
50
muscular wall of stomach
(1) longitudinal - shortening motion
(2) circular - narrowing motion
(3) oblique - contraction @ angle that allows for greater destruction of food
51
arterial supply of stomach
celiac artery to gastric artery
52
venous drainage of stomach
(1) R/L gastric vein
(2) superior mesenteric vein
(3) splenic vein
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53
parts of the small intestine
duodenum
jejunum
ileum
December January Invierno
54
duodenum
1st 10in of small intestine
- connected to stomach
- "C" shape
- a recepticle
- mainly retroperitoneal
55
retroperitoneal
"potential" space behind the peritoneum in the abdomen
56
jejunum
next 3-5ft after duodenum
57
FCN of villi and microvilli (small intestine)
increase surface area for absorption
58
arterial supply of small intestine
superior mesentery artery
59
venous drainage of small intestine
superior mesentery vein
60
FCN of large intestine
store water + dehydrate water
**water absorption + rescue
61
large intestine anatomy
```
cecum
appendix
ascending colon
transverse colon
descending colon
sigmoid colon
rectum
anal canal
```
62
features of large intestine
haustra
| taenia coli
63
haustra (large intestine)
pockets
**the individual bulges in the large intestine
64
taenia coli (large intestine)
longitudinal muscle that creates bumps
- runs medially
**think drawstring of sweatpants
65
clinical application of the large intestine
increase fiber, increase size of feces
| - not constipated or diarrhea
66
arterial supply of large intestine
superior mesenteric artery
| inferior mesenteric artery
67
venous drainage of large intestine
superior mesenteric vein
| inferior mesenteric vein
68
accessory GI organs
liver
gallbladder
pancreas
69
liver location
right hypochondrium + epigastrium
70
liver sides
R/L functionally independent
| - divided by falciform ligament
71
falciform ligament
ligament separating left from right lobe of the liver
72
liver FCN
(1) filter + detoxify blood via hepatic portal vein
(2) produce bile
(3) regulate nutrient metabolism by storing fatty acids
73
lobes of the liver
right lobe
left lobe
caudate lobe
quadrate lobe
74
porta hepatis
"liver door"
transverse fissure on visceral surface
- between caudate + quadrate lobes
- marks division of L/R hepatic artery + L/R portal vein
75
porta hepatis contains:
portal triad
nerves
lymphatic vessels
76
components of the portal triad
hepatic portal vein
bile duct
hepatic artery
77
quadrate lobe
next to gallbladder
- anatomically like the right lobe
- physiologically like the left lobe
78
caudate lobe
towards back side
- anatomically like the right lobe
- physiologically like the left lobe
**caudate = tail (think posterior side)
79
liver blood supply from the following sources:
(1) 70% = portal vein
(2) 30% = hepatic artery
70P 30V
80
portal vein
supplies 70% of blood for liver
- from GI vessels to liver sinusoids
- divides into L/R @ porta hepatis
**oxygen poor, nutrient rich
81
hepatic artery
supplies 30% of blood for liver
- from celiac artery
- fresh blood from heart
- divides into L/R @ porta hepatis
**oxygen rich, nutrient poor
82
prenatal circulation (liver)
ductus venosum
umbilical vein
**no need to process fluids during prenatal, fluids bypass liver
83
postnatal circulation (liver)
ligamentum venosum
| round ligament
84
ductus venosum becomes
| prenatal
ligamentume venosum
| postnatal
85
umbilical vein becomes
| prenatal
round ligament
| postnatal
86
gallbladder
located in hollow between right and quadrate lobes of liver
- bile produced in liver, released into R/L hepatic ducts
- can flow into common bile duct OR be stored in gallbladder
- location of cholesterol digestion
87
clinical application of gallbladder
(1) cholecystitis - bile bladder inflammation
(2) gall stones - cholesterol stones/rocks
(3) can survive w/out gallbladder, only have to decrease cholesterol intake
88
arterial supply of gallbladder
cystic artery
89
venous drainage of gallbladder
cystic veins
90
pancreas
located in retroperitoneal in transpyloric plane
| - cannot live w/out pancreas
91
pancreas FCN
(1) endocrine: insulin, alpha y beta cells
| 2) exocrine: secretions into ducts (bicarbonate HCO3 + enzymes
92
arterial supply of pancreas
(1) splenic artery
(2) superior pancreaticochondenal artery
(3) inferior pancreaticochondenal artery
93
venous drainage of pancreas
(1) splenic vein
(2) superior pancreaticochondenal vein
(3) inferior pancreaticochondenal vein
94
ductal components of hepatobiliary tree
(1) R/L hepatic ducts
(2) common hepatic duct
(3) cystic duct
(4) common bile duct
(5) pancreatic duct
(6) accessory pancreatic duct
95
esophagus anatomical landmark
C6 - T10
96
stomach anatomical landmark
under left ribs
97
liver anatomical landmark
under right ribs
98
kidneys anatomical landmark
(left) T11 - L3
| (right) T12 - L4
99
abdominal aorta bifurcation anatomical landmark
at L4
100
appendix anatomical landmark
right iliac region
| - McBurney's Point: 1/3 way along spinal umbilical line from anterior superior iliac spine to naval
101
clinical application of appendix anatomical landmark
used for diagnosing appendicitis
| - look for tenderness + digestion problems
