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ANP402 > 5 LE Foot > Flashcards

5 LE Foot Flashcards

(54 cards)

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1
Q

podiatry

A

study y care of feet

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2
Q

FCN of foot

A

(1) platform to support body weight

(2) movement

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3
Q

synovial joints (7)

A 
talocrural
subtalar (talocalcaneal)
talocalcaneonavicular 
calcneocuboid
tarsometatarsal 
metatarsophalangeal
interphalangeal
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4
Q

talocrural joint

A

synovial joint @ ankle

  • hinge
  • dorsiflexion + plantar flexion
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5
Q

subtalar joint

A

synovial joint

  • made up of talocalcaneonavicular + calcaneocuboid joints
  • inversion + eversion

(aka) talocalcaneal

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6
Q

talocalcaneonavicular joint

A

augment (add to) subtalar joint

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7
Q

calcaneocuboid joint

A

augment (add to) subtalar joint

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8
Q

tarsometatarsal joint

A

synovial joint

- allows slight movement

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9
Q

metatarsophalangeal joint

A

synovial joint

  • hinge
  • flexion + extension
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10
Q

interphalangeal joint

A

synovial joint

  • hinge
  • flexion + extension
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11
Q

skin of the foot

A

dorsal surface

plantar surface

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12
Q

dorsal surface (skin of the foot)

A

thin

loose y low fat

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13
Q

plantar surface (skin of the foot)

A

thick
many sweat glands
high fat
sensitive

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14
Q

dorsal fascia

A

deep fascia of the foot continuous w/ inferior extensor retinaculum

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15
Q

plantar fascia

A

deep fascia of the foot

  • thick centrally
  • forms plantar aponeurosis
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16
Q

plantar aponeurosis

A

acts like a superficial ligament in the deep fascia of the foot

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17
Q

FCN plantar apoenurosis

A

(1) hold parts of foot juntos
(2) protect from injuries [include VAN]
(3) support longitudinal arches of the foot

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18
Q

specializations of the foot

A

(1) tendinous sheaths y bursae
(2) calcaneal y malleolar bursae
(3) MP y IP ligaments
(4) extensor y flexor expansions

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19
Q

long plantar ligament

A

spans calcaneous to base MT #2-5

- 1st layer (most superficial)

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20
Q

plantar calcaneocuboid ligament

A

(aka) short plantar ligament

- 2nd layer

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21
Q

plantar calcaneonavicular ligament

A

connects calcaneus y navicular

  • (aka) spring ligament
  • 3rd layer
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22
Q

deep transverse metatarsal ligament

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A

located btwn MTs

- 4th layer

23
Q

intertarsal ligaments

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A

deepest ligament

24
Q

FCN arches of the foot

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A

(1) distribute weight
(2) shock absorption
(3) “springs” to propel during movement

25
arches of the foot (3)
medial longitudinal arch lateral longitudinal arch transverse arch
26
medial longitudinal arch (foot)
higher + stronger arch
27
lateral longitudinal arch (foot)
flatter arch | - rests on ground when standing
28
transverse arch (foot)
includes cuboid, cuneiforms y bases of MTs | - tendons of tibialis posterior + fibularis longus maintain curvature of arch
29
passive factors that maintain integrity of arches
(1) shape of interlocking bones | (2) four layers of fibrous tissue
30
four layers of fibrous tissue (passive factors)
(1) plantar aponeurosis (2) long plantar ligament (3) short plantar ligament (4) spring ligament
31
dynamic factors that maintain integrity of arches
(1) intrinsic muscle contractions (2) extrinsic muscle contractions (3) active + tonic
32
extrinsic muscles of the foot
I (general): distal phalanx
33
intrinsic muscles of the foot
I (general): proximal phalanx dorsal group (2) + plantar group (4 layers)
34
dorsal group
extensor digitorum brevis | extensor halluces brevis
35
extensor digitorum brevis
dorsal group O: calcaneus + inferior extensor retinaculum I: tendons of extensor digitorium longus (digits 2 – 4) A: extend phalanges of digits #2 -4 N: deep fibular nerve
36
extensor hallucis brevis
(dorsal group) O: calcaneus + inferior extensor retinaculum I: proximal phalanx of hallux A: extend proximal hallux N: deep fibular nerve
37
abductor hallucis
(plantar group - layer 1) O: calcaneus + flexor retinaculum + plantar aponeurosis I: proximal phalanx of hallux (medial side) A: ABDuct hallux N: medial plantar
38
flexor digitorum brevis
(plantar group - layer 1) O: calcaneus + plantar aponeurosis I: middle phalanx of digits #2 – 5 A: flex digits #2 – 5 N: medial plantar
39
abductor digit minimi
(plantar group - layer 1) O: calcaneus + plantar aponeurosis I: proximal phalanx of digit #5 (lateral side) A: ABDuct digit #5 N: lateral plantar
40
quadratus plantae
(plantar group - layer 2) O: calcaneus I: tendon of flexor digitorum longus A: assist flexor digitorum longus in flexing digits #2 – 5 N: lateral plantar
41
lumbricals #1 - 4
(plantar group - layer 2) O: tendons of flexor digitorum longus I: proximal phalanx of digits #2 – 5 A: flex proximal phalanges #2 – 5 N: medial plantar + lateral plantar
42
flexor hallucis brevis
(plantar group - layer 3) O: cuboid + lateral cuneiform I: proximal phalanx of hallux A: flex proximal phalanx of hallux N: medial plantar **sometimes absent**
43
adductor hallucis
(plantar group - layer 3) O: MTs #2 – 4 + MTP joints I: proximal phalanx of hallux (lateral side) A: ADDuct hallux N: lateral plantar **2 heads: oblique + transverse**
44
flexor digiti minimi brevis
(plantar group - layer 3) O: MT #5 I: proximal phalanx of digit #5 A: flex proximal phalanx #5 N: lateral plantar
45
plantar interossei (PAD)
(plantar group - layer 4 / deepest layer) O: medial sides of MTs #3 – 5 I: medial sides of proximal phalanges 3 – 5 A: ADDuct digits + flex MTP joints N: lateral plantar
46
dorsal interossei (DAB)
(plantar group - layer 4 / deepest layer) O: adjacent sides of MTs #1 – 5 I: proximal phalanges #2 – 4 A: ABDuct digits + flex MTP joints N: lateral plantar
47
hallux valgus
lateral deviation of big toe - creates bunion (MT #1 sticks out) - sesamoid bones rotate into MT #1 - 2 space creating pain - result: tender / inflamed bursa - causes: footwear + degenerative joint diseases (arthritis)
48
hammer toes
proximal phalanx becomes permanently dorsiflexed (hyper-extend) @ MTP joint - middle phalanx plantar flexed (PIP joint) - caused by osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, weakness of lumbricals / interosseus muscles due to nerve damage - calluses develop on dorsum of toes **high heals
49
claw toes
proximal phalanx dorsiflexed (MTP joint) - distal phalanx flexed (DIP joint) - caused by osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, weakness of lumbricals / interosseus muscles due to nerve damage - calluses develop on plantar surface of MTs **high heals
50
types of flatfeet (pes planus) [3]
(1) flexible flatfeet (2) rigid flatfeet (3) acquired flatfeet
51
flexible flatfeet
flat when weight-bearing only due to loose/degenerative intrinsic ligaments
52
rigid flatfeet
always flat due to bone deformity
53
acquired flatfeet
"fallen arches" - arches disappeared - occurs w/ age - spring ligament weak b/c trauma, degenerative of muscle **obesity = factor
54
clubfeet
congenital foot deformity where foot turns inward - 1 in 1000 births - subtalor joint problems [foot twisted out of position] - inverted, plantar flexed, forefoot adducted - forced weight on lateral surface [unnatural] - caused by tightness / shortness of muscles y tendons on medial side

ANP402 (19 decks)

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