5 LE Pelvis + Perineum

Question 1

pelvis

Answer 1

part of body surrounded by pelvic girdle

• lies below + is continuous w/ abdomen
• part of birth canal

Question 2

anatomical position of pelvis

Answer 2

a bowl that is tilted forward

- pubic symphysis + ASIS are in same vertical plane

Question 3

features of the pelvis

Answer 3

greater (false) pelvis

lesser (true) pelvis

Question 4

greater pelvis

Answer 4

“false pelvis”

superior to pelvic brim

Question 5

greater pelvis FCN

Answer 5

protect + support inferior abdominal viscera (shield)

Question 6

lesser pelvis

Answer 6

“less pelvis”
inferior to pelvic brim
- pelvic inlet/pelvic outlet = tip of coccyx

Question 7

pelvic cavity

Answer 7

between brim + pelvic outlet

Question 8

lesser pelvis contains

Answer 8

distal GI tract (rectum/anus)
urinary tract (bladder)
reproductive organs

Question 9

male pelvis

Answer 9

thicker bones + heavy

more prominent markings

smaller pelvis

deep greater pelvis

narrow/deep, tapering lesser pelvis

(pelvic inlet - superior) heart-shaped, narrow

(pelvic outlet - inferior) comparatively small

(pubic arch) narrow

Question 10

female pelvis

Answer 10

thin + light bones

less prominent markings

larger pelvis

shallow greater pelvis

narrow/deep, tapering lesser greater pelvis

(pelvic inlet - superior) oval + rounded, wide

(pelvic outlet - inferior) comparatively large

(pubic arch) wide >80˚

oval obturator foramen

small acetebulum

(greater sciatic notch) almost 90˚

flat, wide, short sacrum

everted ischial tuberosities

Question 11

types of pelves

Answer 11

android
anthropoid
gynecoid
platypeliod

Question 12

android pelvis

Answer 12

heart-shaped pelvis

• typically male
• 20% of white females

**android = robot, robot has no heart

Question 13

anthropoid pelvis

Answer 13

oval-shaped pelvis

• typically male
• common in black females

**ant has oval head like anthropoid

Question 14

gynecoid pelvis

Answer 14

round-shaped pelvis

• typically female
• 50% of females
• best for childbirth

Question 15

platypelloid pelvis

Answer 15

pelvis that is flat by sacrum

• rare
• only 3% of females
• causes most problems during childbirth

**platypus has flat tail… platypelloid pelvis has flat top

Question 16

pelvic walls

Answer 16

anterior wall
lateral walls
posterior wall

Question 17

anterior pelvic wal

Answer 17

pubic bones
rami
symphysis

Question 18

lateral pelvic wall

Answer 18

hipbone
obturator membrane
obturator internus muscle

Question 19

posterior pelvic wall

Answer 19

sacrum
coccyx
piriformis muscle
sacrotuberous ligament
sacrospinous ligament

Question 20

pelvic floor

Answer 20

formed by the bowl / funnel-shpaed pelvic diaphragm

- located btwn lesser pelvis + perineum

Question 21

pelvic diaphragm

Answer 21

coccygeas + levator ani

Question 22

pelvic floor FCN

Answer 22

(1) support pelvic viscera

(2) counteract increase intra-abdominal pressure from coughing, sneezing, exerted exhale

Question 23

injury to pelvic floor

Answer 23

prominent during childbirth

• may cause prolapse of vagina/rectum (organ comes out of hole when not supposed to)
• may cause urinary + fecal incontinence (unable to hold it in)

**kegel exercises for prevention

Question 24

muscles of the levator ani

Answer 24

puborectalis “looper around pooper”
pubococcygeous
iliococcygeous

**hay 5 but only need to know 3

Question 25

levator ani

Answer 25

O: pubic + pelvic fascia + ischial spine I: external anal sphincter, coccyx, central perineal tendon A: support pelvic viscera + counteract increase intra-abdominal pressure + maintain urinary fecal continence N: pudendal nerve

Question 26

coccygeus muscle

Answer 26

"ischiococcygeous" O: ischial spine I: sacrum + coccyx A: support pelvic viscera + counteract increase intra-abdominal pressure + flex coccyx N: pudendal nerve

Question 27

perineum

Answer 27

shallow compartment below pelvic diaphragm btwn thighs | - abducted thighs = diamond-shaped area

Question 28

perineum boundaries

Answer 28

(front) pubic symphysis (back) tip of coccyx ischial tuberosities

Question 29

perineum triangles (2)

Answer 29

(front) urogential triangle | (back) anal triagnle

Question 30

anal triangle

Answer 30

(perineum) pierces pelvic diaphragm - surrounded by internal/external anal sphincters - continuation of pelvic floor

Question 31

ischioanal (ischiorectal) fossae

Answer 31

wedge-shaped spaces btwn skin + pelvic diaphragm - contains fat - passage for nerves + vessels - avascular (hard to treat infections here w/ antibodies)

Question 32

pudendeal canal

Answer 32

sheath of CT that holds VAN - part of anal triangle - horizontal passageway - lateral wall ischioanal fossa - internal pudendal vessels, pudendal nerve + nerve to obturator internus enter @ lesser sciatic notch - supplies, drains y innervates most of perineum

Question 33

pudendal nerve block

Answer 33

numbs S2-S4 dermatomes, most of perineum y 25% of vagina - older method - used in childbirth - not used as much - does not numb uterus, cervix y 75% of upper vagina - still feel contractions - does not effect baby - used for episiotomy (vaginal repair)

Question 34

fascial coverings of the urogential triangle

Answer 34

superficial fascia | deep fascia

Question 35

superficial fascia (urogenital triangle)

Answer 35

fatty fascia | - membranous (perineal) fascia

Question 36

deep fascia (urogenital triangle)

Answer 36

perineal membrane | - anchors external genitalia (penis/scrotum + vulva)

Question 37

urogenital triangle

Answer 37

part of perineum - perineal muscles - external genitalia - supplied by internal pudendal artery + internal pudental vein + pudendal nerve

Question 38

male external genitalia

Answer 38

penis scrotum distal urethra

Question 39

female external genitalia

Answer 39

``` vulva/pudendum clitoris mons pubis labia vaginal opening vestibular glands ```

Question 40

superficial perineal muscles (3)

Answer 40

superficial transverse perineal bulbospongiosus ischiocavernosus

Question 41

perinal body

Answer 41

central part of attachment for sacral muscles between

Question 42

superficial transverse perinal

Answer 42

superficial perineal muscles A: resist increase intra-abdominal pressure + support pelvic floor + fix perineal body N: pudendal nerve

Question 43

bulbospongiosus

Answer 43

superficial perineal muscle A: support pelvic floor (males) assist w/ erection, ejaculations y nicturition (urination) (females) control vaginal opening + assist in clitoral erection N: pudendal nerve

Question 44

ischiocavernosus

Answer 44

superficial perineal muscle A: compress erectile tissue to help maintain erection N: pudendal nerve

Question 45

deep perineal muscles (2)

Answer 45

deep transverse perineal | external urethral sphincter

Question 46

deep transverse perineal

Answer 46

deep perineal muscle A: resist increase intra-abdominal pressure + support pelvic floor + fix perineal body N: pudendal nerve

Question 47

external urethral spincter

Answer 47

deep perineal muscle A: compress urethra to maintain urinary continence N: pudendal nerve