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ANP402 > 5 LE Thigh + Knee > Flashcards

5 LE Thigh + Knee Flashcards

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1
Q

fascial layers of the thigh (femur)

A

superficial fascia

deep fascia

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2
Q

superficial fascia of the thigh

A

subcutaneous (deep to skin)

- contains loose CT, fat, cutaneous nerves, superficial vessesls

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3
Q

important veins in superficial fascia

A

great saphenous vein

small saphenous vein

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4
Q

great saphenous vein

A

longest vein found in body (thigh)

  • superficial fascia
  • commonly used for heart bypass surgery (acts like an artery)
  • common site for long term IV
  • common site for varicose veins
  • inner thigh/calf

medial malleolus to femoral vein

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5
Q

small saphenous vein

A

lateral malleolus to popliteal vein

  • superficial fascia
  • posterior “calf” vein
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6
Q

deep fascia of the thigh

A

“fascia lata”

- wraps thigh like strong elastic stocking

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7
Q

FCN deep fascia

A

(1) increase effectiveness of venous pump
(2) compartmentalize muscles
(3) prevent excessive bulging of the muscles

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8
Q

specializations of deep fascia

A

iliotibial tract (IT band)

saphenous opening

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9
Q

iliotibial tract (IT band)

A

thickening of longitudinal fascial fibers on lateral thigh

  • from iliac tubercle to lateral condyle femur
  • shared aponeurosis of tensor fascia lata + gluetus maximus

(specializations of deep fascia)

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10
Q

saphenous opening

A

gap in fascia lata inferior to inguinal ligament

specializations of deep fascia

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11
Q

saphenous opening = passage for

A

(1) great saphenous vein

(2) lymph vessels

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12
Q

thigh muscle compartments

A 
anterior group (6)
medial group (5)
posterior group (3)
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13
Q

anterior thigh muscles

A 
(quadriceps femoris) 
rectus femoris
vastus lateralis
vastus medialis
vastus intermedius

sartorius

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14
Q

GENERAL A/N anterior thigh muscles

A

A: extend leg @ knee (not sartorius)
N: femoral nerve

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15
Q

rectus femoris

A

anterior thigh muscle (quadriceps femoris group)

O: AIIS + ilium above acetebaulum
I: tibial tuberosity via patellar tendon
A: extend leg @ knee + flex thigh @ hip
N: femoral nerve (L2, L3, L4)

kicking a soccer ball

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16
Q

vastus lateralis

A

anterior thigh muscle (quadriceps femoris group)

O: greater trochanter + lateral linea aspera
I: tibial tuberosity via patellar tendon
A: extend leg @ knee
N: femoral nerve (L2, L3, L4)

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17
Q

vastus medialis

A

anterior thigh muscle (quadriceps femoris group)

O: intertrochanteric line + medial linea aspera
I: tibial tuberosity via patellar tendon
A: extend leg @ knee
N: femoral nerve (L2, L3, L4)

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18
Q

vastus intermedius

A

anterior thigh muscle (quadriceps femoris group)

O: anterior / lateral shaft of femur
I: tibial tuberosity via patellar tendon
A: extend leg @ knee
N: femoral nerve (L2, L3, L4)

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19
Q

sartorius

A

anterior thigh muscle

O: ASIS
I: superior medial tibia
A: flex + abduct + laterally rotate thigh @ knee
N: femoral nerve (L2 – L3)

tailor’s muscles (crossed-leg in sitting position)

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20
Q

medial thigh muscles

A

(medial femoral group)
gracilis
pectineus

(adductor group)
adductor longus
adductor brevis
adductor magnus

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21
Q

GENERAL A/N medial thigh muscles

A

A: adduct thigh
N: obturator nerve

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22
Q

gracilis

A

medial thigh muscle (medial femoral group)

O: inferior pubic ramus
I: superior medial tibia
A: adduct thigh @ hip
N: obturator nerve (L2 – L3)

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23
Q

pectineus

A

medial thigh muscle (medial femoral group)

O: superior pubic ramus
I: pectineal line of femur
A: adduct + flex thigh
N: obturator + femoral nerve (L2, L3, L4)

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24
Q

adductor longus

A

medial thigh muscle (adductor group)

O: body of pubis
I: medial linea aspera
A: adduct thigh
N: obturator nerve (L3 – L4)

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25
adductor brevis
medial thigh muscle (adductor group) O: inferior pubic ramus I: medial linea aspera A: adduct thigh N: obturator nerve (L3 – L4)
26
adductor magnus
medial thigh muscle (adductor group) O: inferior pubic ramus ischial tuberosity I: linea aspera adductor tubercle of femur A: (adductor portion) adduct + slight flexion of thigh AND (hamstring portion) extend thigh N: (adductor portion) obturator nerve (L3 – L4) AND (hamstring portion) tibial nerve (L3 – L4) *two separate parts, twisted fibers, GROIN PULL*
27
groin pull
injury to adductor magnus b/c tendinous fibers are twisted, thus easily strained
28
posterior thigh muscles
(hamstrings) semimembranosus semitendinosus biceps femoris
29
GENERAL A/N posterior thigh muscles
A: extend thigh + flex leg @ knee N: tibial nerve
30
semimembranosus
posterior thigh muscle (hamstring) O: ischial tuberosity I: posterior medial condyle tibia A: extend thigh @ hip AND flex/medially rotate leg @ knee N: tibial nerve (S1 – S2)
31
semitendinosus
posterior thigh muscle (hamstring) O: ischial tuberosity I: medial tibia A: extend thigh @ hip AND flex/medially rotate leg @ knee N: tibial nerve (S1 – S2)
32
short head of biceps femoris
posterior thigh muscle (hamstring) O: lateral + inferior linea aspera I: lateral head of fibula A: extend thigh @ hip AND flex + laterally rotate leg @ knee N: common fibular nerve (L5, S1 – S2)
33
long head of biceps femoris
posterior thigh muscle (hamstring) O: ischial tuberosity I: lateral head of fibula A: extend thigh @ hip AND flex + laterally rotate leg @ knee N: tibial nerve (S1 – S3)
34
knee
(hinge synovial joint) largest + most superficial joint - most stable position = erect/extended
35
knee movements (3)
(1) flexion (2) extension [locked knee] (3) rotation [only when flexed]
36
knee articulations
femorotibial (lateral/medial) femoropatellar
37
knee joint stability dependent upon:
(1) strength/actions of surrounding muscles/tendons [primarily quadriceps femoris] (2) ligaments connecting femur and tibia
38
quadriceps femoris FACT
most thigh/knee injuries due to this muscle group | - preventable w/ appropriate condition of quads
39
articular capsule
(joint/fibrous capsule) thin, outer layer - synovial membrane
40
major ligament groups of articular capsule
extracapsular (outside capsule) intra-articular
41
extracapsular ligaments
patellar ligament fibular (lateral) collateral ligament [FCL] tibial (medial) collateral ligament [TCL]
42
patellar ligament
distal quadriceps tendon
43
fibular (lateral) collateral ligament [FCL]
strong + cord-like - separated from lateral meniscus by popliteus tendon lateral epicondyle to lateral fibular head
44
tibial (medial) collateral ligament [TCL]
strong + flat - weaker than FCL - medial fibers attached to medial meniscus medial epicondyle to medial tibia **most injuries to medial ligaments**
45
collateral ligaments FACT
taut when knee extended - increase stability when standing - prevent rotation when flexed
46
intra-articular ligaments
(cruciate ligaments) anterior cruciate ligament [ACL] posterior cruciate ligament [PCL] (menisci) coronary ligaments transverse ligaments
47
cruciate ligament
maintain contact btwn femur + tibia ACL + PCL
48
anterior cruciate ligament [ACL]
poor blood supply - taut when knee extended (prevents hyperextension >180˚) - weaker than PCL
49
ATTACHMENTS anterior cruciate ligament [ACL]
anterior intercondylar area of tibia extends superiorly, posteriorly, and laterally to attach to medial side of lateral condyle of femur
50
when knee flexed @ right angle, ACL
(1) limits medial rotation (2) stops anterior movement of tibia (3) increase lateral rotation
51
posterior cruciate ligament [PCL]
stronger than ACL | - taut when knee flexed (prevents hyperflexion)
52
ATTACHMENTS posterior cruciate ligament [PCL]
posterior intercondylar area of tibia, extends superiorly and anteriorly to the lateral side of the medial condyle of the femur
53
when knee flexed @ right angle, PCL does the following:
(1) weight-bearing (2) major stabilizer when flexed [ie. walking downhill] (3) limits medial rotation (4) prevents posterior movement
54
posterior drawer sign
(flexed knee) tibia slides into the femur joint
55
anterior drawer sign
(flexed knee) tibia slides out of femur joint
56
menisci
crescents of fibrocartilage - thicker @ external margins - taper internally **rims around knee
57
menisci FCN
(1) deepen articular surface [prevent rocking/side-to-side motion of femur] (2) shock absorption
58
ligaments of the menisci
coronary ligaments | transverse ligaments
59
coronary ligaments
spans menisci to tibial condyle
60
transverse ligament
(knee) joins menisci on anterior edge
61
types of menisci
medial meniscus | lateral meniscus
62
medial meniscus
"C" shaped - more firmly anchored to tibia [intercondylar areas] - attachement to tibial collateral ligament
63
lateral meniscus
smaller + circular - more movable [no fibular collateral ligament attachment] - popliteus tendon separates from fibular collateral ligament - joined to PCL + femur by posterior meniscofemoral ligament
64
posterior meniscofemoral ligament
joins lateral meniscus to femur + PCL
65
bursae of knee joint
fluid-filled sacs
66
types of bursae in knee
suprapatellar prepatellar infrapatellar ~12
67
bursae FCN
(1) shock absorption | (2) keeps tendons in correct orientation [slides easily]
68
movements of the knee joint
flexion extension rotation (2)
69
flexion of the knee
mainly via HAMSTRING | - limited by contact btwn leg/thigh
70
extension of knee
mainly via QUADRICEPS FEMORIS | - movement limited by cruciate + collateral ligaments
71
medial rotation of knee
**only possible when knee flexed** popliteus, semimembranosus, semitendinosus - movement checked by cruciate + collateral ligaments
72
lateral rotation of knee
biceps femoris | - movement checked by collateral ligaments
73
"unhapppy triad"
common knee injuries to: (1) MCL (2) medial meniscus (3) ACL
74
Q-angle
femur (diagonal) + tibia (vertical) = angle @ knee btwn long axes of bones - places middle of knee joint directly inferior to head of femur [centers weight-bearing line in the knee]
75
genu varum
"bowlegged" decreased Q-angle - line of weight-bearing medial to center of knee - puts stress on medial cartilages + FCL children 1st learning to walk (1-2 years) **Geenou's legs**
76
genu valgum
"knock-kneed" increased Q-angle - line of weight-bearing lateral to center of knee - puts stress on lateral cartilages + TCL children (2-4 yrs) **Zeng's legs)

ANP402 (19 decks)

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