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ANP402 > Lab 1: Anatomical Terminology, General Osteology, and General Arthrology > Flashcards

Lab 1: Anatomical Terminology, General Osteology, and General Arthrology Flashcards

(86 cards)

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1
Q

median sagittal

A

a vertical plane that passes through the midline of the body

- dividing it into equal left and right halves

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2
Q

sagittal

A

any vertical plane parallel to the median sagitall plane (= parasagittal plane)

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3
Q

coronal (frontal)

A

any vertical plane perpendicular to the sagittal

- divides body into front (anterior) and back (posterior) portions

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4
Q

transverse

A

(w/ reference to head, neck, and trunk) any horizontal plane
- divides body into upper (superior) and lower (inferior) portions

(w/ reference to limbs) any plane perpendicular to the long axis of the element

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5
Q

longitudinal

A

any plane that sections an element parallel to its long axis

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6
Q

planes of section

A 
median sagittal
sagittal
coronal
transverse
longitudinal
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7
Q

terms of direction

A 
superior (cranial)
inferior (caudal)
anterior (ventral)
posterior (dorsal)
medial
lateral
proximal
distal
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8
Q

superior (cranial)

A

refers to 1 structure being above or closer to the head than another

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9
Q

inferior (caudal)

A

refers to one structure being below or closer to the feet or tail bone (coccyx) than another

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10
Q

anterior (ventral)

A

refers to one structure being in front of another

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11
Q

posterior (dorsal)

A

refers to one structure being behind another

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12
Q

medial

A

refers to one structure being closer to the median sagittal plane than another

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13
Q

lateral

A

refers to one structure being farther away from the median sagittal plane than another

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14
Q

proximal

A

refers to a structure of the upper limb or lower limb that is closer to the root (attachment) of the limb than another

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15
Q

distal

A

refers to a structure of the upper limb or lower limb that is farther away from the root (attachment) of the limb than another

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16
Q

palmar

A

the ventral surface (palm) of the hand or fingers

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17
Q

dorsal

A

the dorsal surface (back) of the hand or fingers

OR

the dorsal surface (back) of the foot or toes

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18
Q

plantar

A

the ventral surface (bottom or sole) of the foot or toes

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19
Q

specific terms: hands and feet

A

palmar
dorsal
plantar

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20
Q

specific terms: teeth

A 
mesial
distal
lingual
buccal
occlusal
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21
Q

mesial

A

toward the anterior midline (ie. the midpoint btwn the 2 central incisor teeth) of the dental arch

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22
Q

distal

A

away from the anterior midline of the dental arch

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23
Q

lingual

A

toward the tongue (in reference to all teeth)

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24
Q

buccal

A

toward the cheek (in reference to the premolars and molars)

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25
occlusal
the shewing surface that contracts the teeth in the other jaw (in reference to the premolars and molars)
26
superficial (external)
refers to on structure being closer to the outside (exterior) surface than another more superficial = closer to external environment
27
deep (infernal)
refers to on structure being closer to the center (middle) of the head, trunk, or limbs than another deeper = closer to the center
28
terms of movement
``` flexion / extension abduction / adduction rotation pronation / supination eversion / inversion plantarflexion / dorsiflexion circumduction opposition ```
29
flexion
movement that decreases the angle between two parts | - usually a movement to a more anterior location from anatomical position
30
extension
movement that increases the angle between two parts | - usually a movement to a more posterior location from anatomical location
31
abduction
movement of an appendage away from median sagittal plane
32
adduction
movement of an appendage toward median sagittal plane
33
rotation
movement that occurs around a central axis of a body part
34
pronation
rotary movement of the forearm so that the palm of the hand faces posteriorly (in extension) or inferiorly (in flexion)
35
supination
rotary movement of the forearm so that the palm faces anteriorly (in extension) or superiorly (in flexion)
36
eversion
turning sole of the foot outward to face away from midline
37
inversion
turning sole of foot inward to face toward midline
38
plantarflexion
movement of the foot at the ankle so that the ball of the foot moves inferiorly, as when you stand on your toes
39
dorsiflexion
movement of the foot at the ankle so that the ball of the foot moves superiorly, as when you stand on your heels
40
circumduction
movement of an appendage in a circular or cone-shaped path | - involves abduction/adduction and flexion/extension
41
opposition
movement of the thumb to touch a fingertip | - involves abduction/adduction, flexion, an dmedial rotation of the thumb
42
general osteology
compact bone cancellous (spongy) bone trabecculae periosteum osteons Haversian Canal nutrient artery ``` diaphysis medullary (marrow) cavity epiphysis metaphysis epiphyseal (growth) plate ```
43
types of bone tissue
1) compact bone | 2) cancellous (spongy) bone
44
trabeculae
struts of bone that project toward the marrow cavity from the compact bone - higher density near proximal and distal ends of long bones
45
periosteum
external layers of connective tissue surrounding bone | - tendons connect to this
46
endosteum
a connective tissue on surface of the bone that borders the marrow cavity
47
Haversian Canal
located at the center of each osteon - carries nerves and blood vessels - tend to run longitudinally (aka) central canals
48
nutrient artery
large vessel that supply many bones (especially those of the arm, forearm, thigh, and leg) - enters the bone through the nutrient foramen
49
diaphysis
tubular shaft of a long bone *long part of long bones
50
medullary (marrow) cavity
cavity in diaphysis that is filled w/ fatty yellow marrow
51
epiphysis
the end portion of a long bone | - has a separate ossification center
52
metaphysis
that portion of a mature bone | - sandwich btwn diaphysis and epiphysis
53
division of the skeleton
axial skeleton | appendicular skeleton
54
axial skeleton
made up of: - skull - vertebral column (including the sacrum and coccyx), hyoid bone - thoracic cage (including the ribs, costal cartilages, manubrium and sternum)
55
appendicular skeleton
made up of: - pectoral girdle (scapula and clavicle) - upper limb bones - pelvic girdle (os coxae) - lower limb bones
56
common osteological terms
diaphysis epiphysis metaphysis tuberosity tubercle trochanter process articular surface facet condyle epicondyle head neck fossa foramen sulcus
57
tuberosity
a large eminence
58
tubercle
a small eminence
59
trochanter
a large, very prominent eminence
60
process
a bony prominence
61
articular surface
a joint surface
62
facet
a small articular surface
63
condyle
a rounded articular surface
64
epicondyle
a nonarticular projection next to a condyle
65
head
a large, rounded end of a bone
66
neck
the part btwn the head and diaphysis | - usually hay separate surgical and anatomical necks
67
fossa
a shallow despression
68
foramen
a hole | - a neurovascular opening
69
sulcus
a long, broad groove
70
ossification
process of replacing cartilage cells by bone | - occurs on metaphysal side of the growth plate
71
types of joints
fibrous cartilaginous synovial
72
fibrous joints
connects bones by fibrous connective tissue | - synarthrosis
73
types of fibrous joints
suture gomphoses syndesmoses
74
suture
bones connected by a dense layer of fibrous tissue that binds to the periosteum of each element (ie) skull
75
syndesmosis
bones connected by short collagenous interosseous ligaments (ie) shafts of radius/ulna and tibia/fibia
76
gomphoses
joint btwn the teeth and bones of the face (maxilla and mandible)
77
cartilaginous joint
connects bones by hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage
78
types of cartilaginous joints
symphyses | synchondrosis
79
synchondrosis
bones connected by a plate of hyaline cartilage (ie) btwn metaphysis and epiphysis of a growing bone
80
symphyses
bones connect by a pad of fibrocartilage - limited amount of movement (ie) pubic symphyses of the pelvis (ie) intervertebral discs
81
articular cartilage
a layer of hyaline cartilage that covers the articular surfaces of the adjacent bones
82
joint capsule
the enclosed space between the articular surfaces and the spaces btwn them
83
capsular ligament
elastic fibers that stretch from bone to bone | - external part of the capsule
84
bursa
a lubricating device that cushions a tendon as it crosses over bony or ligamentous surfaces
85
tendon sheath
a tubular bursa sac that surrounds a tendon over part of its length
86
articular disc
attached firmly to the fibrous joint capsule | - covered w/ synovial fluid

ANP402 (19 decks)

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