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ANP402 > 5 LE Vessels + Nerves > Flashcards

5 LE Vessels + Nerves Flashcards

(54 cards)

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1
Q

arterial supply of foo comes from the following:

A

(1) anterior tibial artery [dorsum]

(2) posterior tibial artery [plantar]

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2
Q

anterior tibial artery

A

branch off popliteal artery (behind superior tibia)

  • passes through IOM
  • continues as dorsalis pedis
  • PALPABLE
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3
Q

dorsalis pedis

A

lateral to exterior hallicus longus tendon @ navicular bone

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4
Q

dorsalis pedis divides into:

A

(1) deep plantar artery

(2) arcuate artery [dorsal metatarsal arteries][dorsal digital arteries]

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5
Q

posterior tibial artery

A

branch off popliteal artery

  • spans tibia to medial malleolus
  • PALPABLE
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6
Q

posterior tibial artery divides into:

A

(1) medial plantar artery
(2) lateral plantar artery

**meet to form deep plantar arch

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7
Q

deep plantar arch divides into:

A

(1) plantar metatarsal arteries

(2) plantar digital arteries

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8
Q

peripheral artery (vascular) disease

A

poor circulation in peripheral arteries

  • caused by atherosclerosis + otro damage to vessels
  • common in males > 60 years
  • pulse can be felt above but not below acclusion/blockage
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9
Q

peripheral

A

not coroneous, brain or aorta

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10
Q

venous drainage

A

pattern of veins more variable + anastomose more frequently

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11
Q

superficial veins

A

location: subcutaneous, in superficial fascia

(ie) great/small saphenous veins + tributaries

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12
Q

deep veins

A

located within muscular compartments

(ie) tibial, fibular, popliteal + femoral veins/tributaries

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13
Q

perforating veins

A

connect superficial + deep veins

- valves ensure one-way flow from superficial to deep

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14
Q

venous pump

A

contraction of muscles of expansion of arteries w/ each heart beat drives venous blood toward heart

  • blood = sucked from superficial to deep veins when muscles relax
  • valves ensure one-way flow
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15
Q

varicose veins

A

gnarled, enlarged veins, most commonly appearing in the legs and feet
- common in great saphenous vein

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16
Q

coronary bypass

A

great saphenous vein used b/c:

(1) readily accessible (superficial)
(2) length btwn tributaries + perforating veins = enough to harvest useable amounts
(3) higher % muscle + elastic fibers than other veins (FCN most similar to artery)

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17
Q

deep vein thrombrosis (DVT)

A

“deep vein clot”

formation of blood clot in deep vein
- characterized by warmth, swelling, redness + pain in area

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18
Q

Virchow’s Traid

A

factors that contribute to thrombosis

(1) tunica interna [endothelium] injury
(2) increase coagulability of blookd [prone to blood clots]
(3) venous stasis [bad blood flow]

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19
Q

venous stasis is caused by (4):

A

bad blood flow

(1) prolong sitting, lying down
(2) tight cast or bandage
(3) muscular inactivity
(4) loose fascia

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20
Q

thromboembolism

A

large clot that breaks free + travels through blood stream

- may cause pulmonary embolism [blocked artery] y death

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21
Q

lumbosacral plexus is made up of

A

lumbar plexus

sacral plexus

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22
Q

lumbar plexus

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A

ventral rami of spinal nerves L1-L4

23
Q

sacral plexus

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A

ventral rami of spinal nerves L4-S4

24
Q

major nerves of lumbar plexus

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A

femoral nerve

obturator nerve

25
femoral nerve
innervates anterior thigh muscles + iliopsoas
26
obturator nerve
innervates adductor muscles
27
major nerves of sacral plexus
superior gluteal nerve inferior gluteal nerve sciatic nerve pudendal nerve
28
superior gluteal nerve
innervates gluteus medius + gluteus minimus
29
inferior gluteal nerve
innervates gluteus maximus
30
sciatic nerve
-> tibial nerve -> medial y lateral planter nerves -> common fibular (peroneal) nerve -> superficial fibular y deep fibular nerves
31
sural (cutaneous) nerve
originates from femoral nerve | - foot nerve
32
saphenous (cutaneous) nerve
originates from tibial nerve y common fibular nerve merging together - foot nerve
33
foot drop
patient will present complaining of excessive tripping (catching toes on ground on forward swing in walking) - may drag toes or have "waddling gait," "swing-out gait," or "slap-steppage gait" - foot position: plantar flexion + inverted -> dragging foot usually also sensory loss down anterior y lateral sides of leg + dorsum of foot/toes [including medial side of great toe] - damage to common fibular nerve
34
common fibular nerve
winds around fibular neck to enter fibularis longus - travels laterally along biceps tendon - most vulnerable to injury around neck of fibula - damage = common cause of foot drop
35
paralyzed muscles in foot drop:
(1) anterior compartment extensors (2) lateral compartment evertors **action of opposing muscles (inverters/flexors) causes foot position
36
femoral triangle
located in superior anterior thigh, inferior to inguinal ligament
37
femoral triangle boundaries
superior: inguinal ligament medial: adductor longus lateral: sartorius
38
contents of the femoral nerve
lateral to medial: femoral Nerve Artery Vein Lymphatics NAVEL
39
femoral sheath
about 3-4cm fascial tube passing deep to inguinal ligament | - continuation of transversalis y iliopsoas fascia
40
FCN of femoral sheath
allow femoral vessels to glide during hip movement
41
femoral sheath compartments (3)
(1) lateral: femoral artery (2) intermediate: femoral vein (3) medial: femoral canal [contains lymphatics] - allows femoral vein to expand
42
femoral ring
opening to femoral sheath compartments
43
femoral herniation
protrusion of abdominal viscera femoral ring into femoral canal - palpable knot in groin area @ location of femoral pulse - results in strangulation of viscera y femoral artery **more common in females due to wider pelvis
44
gunshot y stab wounds in femoral triangle
no muscle covering therefore quicker death | - it's like stabbing the aorta
45
adductor canal
fascial tunnel (intermuscluar passage) deep to middle 1/3 of Sartorius - passage for femoral vessels enroute to popliteal fossa - spans from apex of femoral triangle to adductor hiatus
46
adductor canal boundaries
(1) medial: sartorius (2) lateral: vastus medialis (3) posterior: adductor longus
47
adductor canal contents
femoral artery/vein | saphenous vein
48
popliteal fossa
located in posterior knee | - diamond-shaped
49
popliteal fossa boundaries
(1) superolateral: biceps femoris (2) superomedial: semimembranosus y semitendionosus (3) inferior: gastrocnemius
50
nerves of popliteal fossa
**sciatic nerve splits near apex (1) common fibular (peroneal) nerve (2) tibial nerve (3) sural nerve
51
vessels of popliteal fossa
popliteal artery | popliteal vein
52
popliteal artery
deepest VAN (next to joint capsule)
53
popliteal nerve
formed @ distal border when anterior/posterior tibial veins merge - small saphenous vein joins mid-fossa
54
popliteal (Baker's) cysts
swelling of bursa or accumulation of synovial fluid in popliteal fossa - causes pain - impedes movement - treatement: aspirate/drain + rest

ANP402 (19 decks)

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