Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

ANP402 > 4 UE Shoulder + Pectoral Region > Flashcards

4 UE Shoulder + Pectoral Region Flashcards

(63 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

glenohumeral joint

A

ball y socket (synovial)

humeral head + glenoid cavity

rotator cuff muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

(shoulder) ball + socket

A

highly mobile/movable

- extremely unstable

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

(shoulder) humeral head + glenoid cavity

A

made up of:

glenoid labrum
articular surfaces (hyaline cartilage)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

glenoid labrum

A

fibrocartilage that extends over glenoid cavity like a rim

- stabilizers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

rotator cuff

A

stablizes shoulder
- holds head in cavity

**1/3 of the round humeral head in cavity (very shallow)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

clinical application: GLENOHUMERAL JOINT

A

labrum stablize + tone of RC muscles keep head in place

easier to dislocate shoulder than the hip

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

(shoulder) articular capsule is made up of:

A

fibrous capsule

synovial membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

fibrous capsule

A

(shoulder articular capsule) margins of glenoid cavity to anatomical neck of humerus

  • loose connective tissue
  • allows for mobility

(ie) coracohumeral ligament + glenohumeral ligaments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

synovial membrane

A

part of shoulder articular capsule

- beneath connective tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

superior glenohumeral reinforcement

A 
coracoacromial ligament
coracohumeral ligament (FC)
supraspinatus tendon

**very strong

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

coracoacromial ligament

A

displaces forces on it onto bones first

  • prevents superior displacement
  • part of superior glenohumeral reinforcement
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

supraspinatus tendon

A

victim of rotater cuff injuries

-part of superior glenohumeral reinforcement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

anterior glenohumeral reinforcement

A 
glenohumeral ligaments (FC)
subscapularis tendon
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

clinical application: GLENOHUMERAL REINFORCEMENT / LIGAMENTS

A

forceful superior thrust of humerus will break clavicle or humerus shaft first before breaking coracoacromial ligament

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

posterior glenohumeral reinforcement

A

supraspinatus tendon
infraspinatus tendon
teres minor tendon

**very strong

SIT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

inferior glenohumeral reinforcement

A

lax joint capsule (only parts of fibrous capsule)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

laxity is good for

A

increase mobility + range of mobility

L + M

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

laxity is bad for

A

stability

L - S

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

dislocation of glenohumeral joint

A

dislocates easily when arm = laterally rotated (head turned out) + adducted
- (ie) throwing ball

torn labrum
- common in athletes who throw

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

most common rotater cuff problems

A

impingement syndrome
bone spurs
tears

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

impingement syndrome

A

(rotator cuff) tendon, which is usually @ top, rubs against acromion process

  • causes tendonitis of supraspinatus
  • accompanied by bone spurs
  • highly avascular
  • must decrease motion
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

causes of impingement syndrome

A

poor posture
weak back muscles (trapezius)
weak rotator cuff

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

bone spurs

A

(rotator cuff) pieces of bone that peels off inferior aspect of acromion

  • sandpaper on tendons/muscles
  • common in impingement syndrome
  • highly avascular

**need to shave bone spurs + add gel over area + remove inflammed bursa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

tears

A

tear in rotator cuff

  • types: partial or full
  • highly avascular
  • must sew joints together
  • may need tendon graft
  • long, unpredictable recovery time
  • may lead to decreased range of motion
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
anterior axio-appendicular muscles
connect upper extremity w/ thoracic wall - pectoralis major - pectoralis minor - subclavius - serratus anterior
26
pectoralis major
anterior axio-appendicular muscles O: (clavicular head) clavicle + (sternocostal head) sternum, costal cartilages 1-6, apnoneurosis of external abdominal oblique I: intertubercular groove of humerus A: adduct + medially rotate humerus (clavical head: humeral flexion) (sternocostal head: humeral extension from flexed position) N: lateral pectoral nerve + medial pectoral nerve (C5 - C8, T1)
27
pectoralis minor
anterior axio-appendicular muscles O: 3rd-5th ribs I: coracoid process of scapula A: draw scapula inferiorily/superiorly + fix scapula against thoracic wall N: medial pectoral nerve (C8, T1)
28
subclavius
anterior axio-appendicular muscles O: junction of 1st rib + costal cartilage I: middle inferior border of clavicle A: anchor + depress clavicle (does not do much) N: subclavius nerve (C5 - C8)
29
serratus anterior
PA: lateral surface of ribs 1-8 DA: medial border of scapula A: protract, rotate + fix scapula against thoracic wall N: long thoracic nerve (C5-C7)
30
supraspinatus
rotator cuff muscles O: supraspinous fossa I: greater tubercle of humerus A: abducting humerus N: suprascapular never (C4-C6)
31
infraspinatus
rotator cuff muscles O: infraspinous fossa I: greater tubercle of humerus A: laterally rotate humerus N: suprascapular nerve (C5-C6)
32
teres minor
rotator cuff muscles, beneath infraspinatus O: lateral scapula I: greater tubercle of humerus A: laterally rotate humerus N: axillary nerve (C5-C6)
33
subscapularis
rotator cuff muscles O: subscapular foss I: lesser tubercle of humerus A: medially rotate humerus N: subscapular nerve (C5-C7)
34
posterior axio-appendicular muscles
extrinsic shoulder muscles that connect upper extremity w/ vertebral column - trapezius - latissimus dorsi - rhomboid major - rhomboid minor - levator scapulae
35
trapezius
posterior axio-appendicular muscle O: nuchal ligament + spinous process C7 – T12 I: clavicle + medial border of scapula A: elevate, retract, rotate scapula superiorly N: CNXI + C3-C4
36
latissimus dorsi
posterior axio-appendicular muscle O: spinous process T7 – T12 + iliac crest + thoracolumbar fascia I: intertubercular groove of + humerus A: extend, adduct, medially rotate humerus N: thoracodorsal nerve
37
rhomboid major
posterior axio-appendicular muscle O: spinous process T2-T5 I: medial border of scapula A: retract / rotate scapula inferiorly + fix scapula against thoracic wall N: dorsal scapular nerve
38
rhomboid minor
posterior axio-appendicular muscle O: nuchal ligament + spinous process C7-T1 I: medial border of scapula A: retract / rotate scapula inferiorly + fix scapula against thoracic wall N: dorsal scapular nerve
39
levator scapulae
posterior axio-appendicular muscle O: transverse process C1 – C4 I: superior angle of scapula A: elevate + rotate scapula inferiorly N: dorsal scapular nerve
40
scapulohumeral muscles
intrinsic shoulder muscles - rotator cuff (SITS) - deltoid (3) - teres major
41
anterior deltoid
scapulohumeral muscles **does not stabilize head of humerus O: clavicle, acromion and spine of scapula I: deltoid tuberosity of humerus A: flex + medially rotate humerus N: axillary nerve (C5-C6)
42
middle deltoid
scapulohumeral muscles **does not stabilize head of humerus O: clavicle, acromion and spine of scapula I: deltoid tuberosity of humerus A: abduct humerus N: axillary nerve (C5-C6)
43
posterior deltoid
scapulohumeral muscles **does not stabilize head of humerus O: clavicle, acromion and spine of scapula I: deltoid tuberosity of humerus A: extend + laterally rotate humerus N: axillary nerve (C5-C6)
44
teres major
scapulohumeral muscles **does not stabilize head of humerus O: inferior angle of scapula I: intertubercular groove of humerus A: adduct + medially rotate humerus N: lower subscapular nerve (C5-C6)
45
breasts
highly modified sweat glands - location: sternum to axilla/armpit spanning ribs 2-6 - development starts 6th week of embryo - rudimentary in males - highly developed in females
46
female breast
not fully developed until 5th month of pregnancy - may have pain while ductwork is being made for lactation - increase estrogen, increase progesterone
47
breast anatomy
deep to superficial - pectoralis fascia - retromammory space/bursa - fat - suspensory ligaments (of Cooper) - lobules (mammory glands) - lactiferous ducts - lactiferous sinuses - nipple
48
breast sized determined by
fat
49
nipple
located near 4th rib space | - deviates in breast cancer
50
breast cancer
most are adenomas
51
adenomas
tumor of glandibular origin in the epithelium
52
ways to diagnosis
``` palpable mass mammogram (calcifications) dimples OR "peau d'organe" effect nipple deviation unequal breast evaluation enlarged axillary lymph nodes near armpit ```
53
palpation of breast
benign cysts normal - self-exam monthly @ same time of month to decrease hormonal affect on breast - palpate all the way to armpit
54
lymphatics + metastases in breast cancer
most commonly to axillary lymph nodes (75% drainage) - venous drainage (azygos system) to vertebrae, then to skull and brain - blood to bone to brain - other breast, thorax y abdomen via parasternal, axillary and cervical nodes (lymph nodes)
55
surgical treatments of breast cancer
lumpectomy | mastectomy (2)
56
lumpectomy
remove lump - may have chemo + radiation to be safe - no physical therapy
57
types of mastectomy
simple mastectomy | radical mastectomy
58
simple mastectomy
remove down to retromammory space + leave some lymph nodes - most common - don't always need chemo/radiation **not any better than lumpectomy
59
radical mastectomy
remove all breast + glandular tissue pectoralis major - severe pectroalis minor - remove fat, fascia + lymph nodes - need physical therapy for 6-12 months after mastectomy
60
surgical breast considerations
costocoracoid membrane | long thoracic nerve
61
costocoracoid membrane
extends from subclavius to pectoralis minor
62
structures that pass through costocoracoid membrane
(1) thoraco-acromial artery (2) cephalic vein + deltoid branch of thoraco-acromial artery (3) lateral pectoral nerve
63
long thoracic nerve surgical considerations
located along medial wall of axilla - may be injured during node removal of mastectomy - injury results in paralysis of serratus anterior - results in scapular winging

ANP402 (19 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions