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ANP402 > 4 UE Osseous Anatomy > Flashcards

4 UE Osseous Anatomy Flashcards

(102 cards)

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1
Q

appendicular skeleton

A

upper extremity + lower extremity

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2
Q

upper extremity

A

pectoral girdle + upper limb

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3
Q

lower extremity

A

pelvic girdle + lower limb

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4
Q

upper extremity

A

pectoral girdle
arm
forearm
hand

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5
Q

pectoral girdle made up of:

A

scapula
clavicle
manubrium

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6
Q

arm made up of:

A

humerus

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7
Q

forearm made up of:

A

radius

ulna

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8
Q

hand made up of:

A

carpals (wrists)
metacarpals
phalanges

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9
Q

clavicle FCN

A

(1) strut - a movable crane-like support that keeps scapula/shoulder away from thorax so that arm can move freely
(2) protection VAN
(3) force transmission (UE to axial)

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10
Q

clincial app: CLAVICLE

A
  • most commonly fractured bone
  • 1st bone to ossify (5th-6th week in utero)
  • last to close (epiphyses)
  • no clavicle = arms pulled medially due to strength of pectoral
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11
Q

clavicle

A

bone that connects sternum to shoulder

**aka collar bone

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12
Q

features of the clavicle

A 
sternal end
acromial end
sternal facet
acromial facet
shaft (2)
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13
Q

sternal end (clavicle)

A

the blunt/think end

  • palpable
  • sternal facet
  • flat end
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14
Q

acromial end (clavicle)

A

flattened end

- acromial facet

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15
Q

superior shaft (clavicle)

A

smooth side of clavicle

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16
Q

inferior shaft (clavicle)

A

rough side of clavicle

- many grooves + ridges for muscle attachments y arteries/veins

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17
Q

clavicle articulations

A

acromioclavicular joint

sternoclavicular joint

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18
Q

acromioclavicular joint

A

plane joint (gliding/sliding)

  • coracoclavicular ligament
  • acromioclavicular ligament
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19
Q

coracoclavicular ligament made up of:

A 
trapezoid ligament (lateral)
conoid ligament (inverted cone)
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20
Q

sternoclavicular joint made up of:

A

sternoclavicular ligament
interclavicular ligament
costoclavicular ligament

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21
Q

sternoclavicular ligament

A

anterior sternoclavicular ligament

posterior sternoclavicular ligament

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22
Q

scapula

A

connects humerus w/ clavicle
- highly mobile base from which upper limb moves freely

**aka shoulder blade

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23
Q

clinical application SCAPULA

A

winged scapula

acromium process fracture

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24
Q

winged scapula

A

scapula not fixed to thoracic wall very well

  • caused by injury to long thoracic nerve, which innervates serratus anterior
  • leads to decreased motion
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25
acromium process fracture
most common fracture point in scapula | - absorbs force from clavicle
26
scapula borders
superior border medial border lateral border
27
scapula angles
superior angle lateral angle inferior angle
28
scapula processes
acromion process | coracoid process
29
scapula fossae
subscapular fossa supraspinous fossa infraspinous fossa
30
other scapula features
spine | glenoid cavity
31
scapula articulations
acromioclavicular joint | glenohumeral (shoulder) joint
32
humerus
(arm) largest bone in upper limb
33
humerus features
``` head tubercles (2) neck (2) shaft (2 features) epicondyles (2) trochlea + capitulum fossae (2) ```
34
humerus tubercles
greater tubercle lesser tubercle *intertubercular (bicipital) groove
35
greater tubercle
towards posterior side of humerus
36
intertubercular groove
found in btwn greater tubercle + lesser tuercle - for long head of biceps brachii insertion **aka bicipital sulcus
37
lesser tubercle
towards anterior side of humerus
38
anatomical neck (humerus)
visible from posterior side
39
surgical neck (humerus)
below tubercles - visible from anterior side - common fracture site
40
special features of the humerus shaft
deltoid tuberosity | radial groove
41
deltoid tuberosity
little bulge on medial humerus where deltoid attaches
42
radial groove
groove on posterior side of humerus - for radial artery + brachial artery - below triceps
43
types of epicondyles (humerus)
medial epicondyle | lateral epicondyle
44
medial epicondyle
bulge on medial side of humerus, near radius/ulna | - makes groove for ulnar nerve
45
lateral epicondyle
bulge on lateral side of humerus, near radius/ulna | - makes groove for ulnar nerve
46
trochlea
articulates w/ radial
47
capitulum
articulates w/ ulna
48
coronoid fossa
small depression on anterior side of humerus near radial/ulna articulation - near trochlea
49
olecranon fossa
larger depression on back side of humerus where olecranon sits
50
humerus articulations
glenohumeral (shoulder) joint elbow (humeroradial) joint elbow (humeroulnar) joint
51
glenohumeral (shoulder) joint
joint for humeral head + glenoid cavity
52
elbow (humeroradial) joint
joint for humerus + radius | - radial collateral ligament
53
radial collateral ligament
ligament that holds humerus to radius - fibers blend w/ anular ligament - lateral
54
elbow (humeroulnar) joint
joint for humerus + ulna - ulnar collateral ligament - medial
55
nerve of posterior surgical neck
axial nerve
56
nerve of radial groove (posterior)
radial nerve - in between musculocutaneus nerve + ulnar nerve - becomes median nerve
57
nerve of mid-humerus (anterior)
median nerve | musculocutaneus nerve
58
nerve of posterior medial epicondyle
ulnar nerve
59
ulna
(forearm) medial / pinky bone of forearm - longer than radius - stabilizes forearm
60
ulna features
olecranon coronoid process shaft head
61
olecranon
widest part of ulna - elbow joint - trochlear notch
62
coronoid process
radial notch **front of "C"
63
features of the ulna shaft
ulnar tuberosity
64
ulnar tuberosity
brachialis insertion for flexion
65
ulna head
distal end (end near the wrist) - most narrow part of ulna - ulnar styloid process
66
ulnar styloid process
the bump nearest the pinky-side of the wrist
67
ulna articulations
elbow joint radioulnar joint **does not directly articulate w/ carpals due to fibrocartilage articular disc
68
fibrocartilage articular disc
located between ulna and carpals **aka triangular ligament
69
radius
(forearm) lateral bone of forearm - lines up w/ thumb - shorter than ulna
70
clinical application: RADIUS
colles fracture
71
colles fracture
complete transverse fracture of distal radius (near wrist) - dorsal displacement of wrist - esp. during winter time - more common in older women (+50 years) due to weaker bones - most common fracture of forearm **causes wrist/hand to look like a fork when normal
72
features of the radius
head neck shaft smooth on distal end (wrist) rough/rigid on ventral end (elbow)
73
radius head
the narrow part of the radius, nearest the elbow
74
radial tuberosity
medial eminence of the radius | - location of biceps brachii tendon insertion
75
radial shaft
enlarged distally - ulnar notch - radial styloid process
76
ulnar notch
part of the radius that touches the ulna
77
radial styloid process
bump on thumb-side (lateral) of the wrist
78
interosseous membrane (IOM)
fibers connecting the radius + ulna - essential during force transmission - points toward pinky \\ //
79
radius articulations (5)
``` elbow joint proximal radioulnar joint middle radioulnar joint distal radioulnar joint radiocarpal (wrist) joint ```
80
proximal radioulnar joint
pivot joint near the elbow | - held by anular ligament
81
middle radioulnar joint
interosseus membrane | - syndesmoses
82
distal radioulnar joint
pivot joint - held by dorsal radioulnar ligament + palmar radioulnar ligament - articular disc (triangular ligament) **relatively weak compared to radiocarpal joints
83
radiocarpal (wrist) joint
condyloid joint - 2 radiocarpal ligaments - 2 collateral ligaments
84
radiocarpal ligaments
holds radiocarpal ligaments together in order for hand to move w/ radius during rotation (supination/pronation) - dorsal radiocarpal ligament - palmar radiocarpal ligament
85
collateral ligaments
(radiocarpal/wrist joint) radial collateral ligament ulnar collateral ligament **on the outside
86
carpals
(hand) 8 carpal bones arranged in 2 rows of 4 - give flexibility to wrist - joined by complex array of ligaments named by bones connected (intercarpal ligaments) **start @ proximal wrist crease (crease furthest from wrist)
87
intercarpal ligament
ligaments joining carpal bones
88
(carpal bones) proximal row
(lateral to medial) scaphoid (radial) lunate triquetrum pisiform (pinky) **how do you spell slut? S-L-T-P... um, no **Some Lovers Try Positions That They Cannot Handle
89
pisiform
carpal bone in proximal row - moleded to triquetrum **pinky
90
(carpal bones) distal row
(lateral to medial) trapezium trapezoid capitate hamate **Some Lovers Try Positions That They Cannot Handle
91
hamate
located on pinky side | - has hook
92
clinical application: CARPAL BONES
scaphoid fracture | hamate fracture
93
scaphoid fracture
most commonly fractured - pain on lateral side - poor blood supply = 3 months of healing/recovery
94
hamate fracture
nonunion fracture common - hook breaks off - only treated if causes pain (pushes against ulnar nerve) - leads to decreased grip
95
metacarpals
(hand) bones in the palm - numbered 1-5 - thumb = #1 - miniature long bones w/ 3 parts - severely closely bound ligaments
96
features of the metacarpals
base (wrist) shaft head (phalanx)
97
deep transverse metacarpal ligament
ligament that hold 2nd 5th metacarpals heads juntos
98
phalanges
(hand) miniature long bones - 14 total (3 in each phalanx, except thumb which has 2) - smallest = terminal phalanx on each digit
99
terminal phalanx
smallest phalanx - dorsally flattened (nail bed) - mimics nail
100
clinical application: PHALANGES
most phalanges fractures = result of crushing of distal OR hyperextenstion of middle proximal
101
features of phalanges
base (near palm) shaft head (tips of fingers)
102
naming of phalanges
distal (fingertips) middle proximal (closest to palm)

ANP402 (19 decks)

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