1 Intro & Arthrology Flashcards
(102 cards)
classification of humans (taxonomy)
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata (have nerve cord)
Subphylum: Vertebrata
Class: Mammalia (hair + mammory glands)
Order: Primata (primates: opposable thumbs & sizable brains)
Family: Hominidae (bipedal)
Genus: Homo
Species: sapien
*Homo sapien = wise man
physical human characteristics
upright mobility, dexterity/coordination
complex communication (collective learning)
collective learning
passing on learned info
mental human characteristics
reasoning, creativity, imagination
abstract thinking (future/past)
behavioral human characteristics
lying
spiritual/emotional human characteristics
morals, values
trying to find “meaning”
desire to prolong quality of life
ways to study anatomy
regional anatomy
systemic anatomy
regional anatomy
bones, nerves, muscles, vessels, etc. in each region
systemic anatomy
organ systems
anatomical position
standing facing forward arms @ sides palms forward feet together / toes forward
anatomical planes
frontal (coronal)
sagittal
midsagittal
transverse (horizontal)
frontal (coronal) plane
cuts into anterior/posterior (front/back)
frontal -> front & back
sagittal plane
cuts into right/left
midsagittal plane
cuts right/left directly down middle
transverse (horizontal) plane
cross section
cuts into top/bottom
ventral
toward the front or belly
- in humans aka anterior
- opposite of dorsal
(ie) aorta is ventral to the vertebral column
dorsal
toward back or spine
- in humans aka posterior
- opposite of ventral
(ie) vertebral column is dorsal to the aorta
anterior
toward the ventral side
- opposite of posterior
- in front
(ie) sternum is anterior to the heart
posterior
toward the dorsal side
- opposite of anterior
- in back
(ie) esophagus is posterior to the trachea
cephalic
toward the head or superior end
(ie) cephalic end of the embryonic neural tube develops into the brain
rostral
toward the forehead or nose
(ie) the forebrane is rostral to the brainstem
caudal
toward the tail or inferior end
(ie) spinal cord is caudal to the brain
superior
above
- opposite inferior
(ie) heart is superior to the diaphragm
inferior
below
- opposite superior
(ie) liver is inferior to the diaphragm