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Step 1 > Test 14 > Flashcards

Test 14 Flashcards

1
Q

What powers kinesin and what does it do?

A

microtubule associated ATP powered motor protein that facilitates ANTEROGRADE transport (towards the PLUS/growing end) of NT containing secretory vesicles down axons to synaptic terminals

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2
Q

What does Nissl substance in neurons correspond to?

A

RER

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3
Q

What protein aggregates mediate cell to cell adhesion between epithelial cells?

A

Desmosomes

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4
Q

What are small cylindrical extensions of apical plasma membrane that contain thin actin filaments?

A

microvilli

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5
Q

What is a disease that has a propensity to affect smokers and is characterized by a high fever, HA, confusion and diarrhea and often causes a unilateral lobar pneumonia.

A

Legionnaire’s disease

Gram - rod
not detected on Gram stain

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6
Q

Why should you associated Legionnare’s disease with a French soldier?

A 
French legionnaire soldier
with a SILVER (stain) helmet
sitting around a CHARCOAL campfire
with his IRON dagger
he is no SISSY (cysteine)

charcoal yeast extract with (cysteine and iron_)

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7
Q

What lab findings and diagnostic tests are associated w/ legionella pneumonia?

A

Hyponatremia
Gram stain shows neutrophils

Legionella urine test

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8
Q

How do you tx a pt w/ legionnaire’s disease?

A 
Respiratory Fluoroquinolones( levofloxacine)
Newer macrolides (azithromycin)
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9
Q

What is an illness that predominates in YOUNG adults and causes pneumonia w an insidious onset, HA, nonproductive cough and patchy/diffuse infiltrates? Would these organisms be detected on a gram stain?

(prisons, military recruits)

A

Mycoplasma pneumonia

Not detected on gram stain b/c don’t have a cell wall (pleomorphic)

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10
Q

What is a major cause of nosocomial pneumonia as well as pneumonia in alcoholics and other debilitated patients?

A

Klebsiella

gram - rod

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11
Q

What is the role of platelets in the development of atherosclerotic plaques?

A

Release of PDGF by adherent platelets and endothelial cells and macrophages promotes the migration of smooth muscle cells from the media into the intima and their subsequent proliferation.

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12
Q

What happens to the polyprotein product of the env gene?

A

It’s glycosylated to become gp 160 which is then cleaved in the ER and GA to form gp 120 and gp 41.

gp 120= attachment to CD4 cells

gp 41= fusion and entry

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13
Q

Where do the envelope proteins from HIV come from?

A

Budding through the host cell plasma membrane

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14
Q

What do gag and pol code for?

A

gag= p 24

pol= Reverse transcriptase, aspartase, integrase

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15
Q

Who should obtain informed consent?

A

Physician preforming procedure as they are best able to describe the procedure and potential complications that may arrive

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16
Q

Thrombocytopenia (fewer and smaller platelets), Eczema and Recurrent infections (T lymphocyte def)

A

Wiskottt Aldrich Syndrome (WA-TER)

17
Q

What does the radial nerve arise from?

A

Posterior cord of BP

18
Q

How does radial head subluxation cause damage the radial nerve?

A

Deep branch of the radial nerve arises at the lateral epicondyle. Subluxation damages this branch and causes weakness of forearm and hand extensors but NO sensory deficits.

19
Q

What is the MC congenital breast anomaly?

A

Accessory nipples

Asymptomatic and don’t require excision

20
Q

Hyper pigmented freckles on sunexposed areas.

A

Ephelides

21
Q

Raised and pigmented areas that arise from scratches or trauma to the skin.

A

Keloids

22
Q

Benign, soft, flesh colored or lightly pigmented skin nodules consisting of schwann cells and neural fibroplasts.

A

Cutaneous neurofibromas

23
Q

Fatty tumors beneath the skin.

A

lipomas

24
Q

Common raised and hyperpigmented skin lesions not affected by the menstral cycle.

A

Nevi

25
Q

Slowly progressive/symmetric postural/kinetic tremor that commonly affects the upper extremities (holding onto an object) and worsens with movement or when anxious. Pt’s often self medicate w/ ALCOHOL because it decreases tremor amplitude.

A

Essential tremor

(AD)

  • drinking from a glass
  • pouring tea

GRANDMA

26
Q

How do you tx Essential tremor?

A

Propanolol (nonselective beta-adrenergic antagonist)_

27
Q

What process is inhibited in the conjugation of bilirubin if energy dependent organic anion transport across the hepatocellular membrane is inhibited?

A

Increased bilirubin excretion in the urine by passive diffusion because conjugated bilirubin can’t be excreted through biliary system (isolated conjugated hyperbilirubinemia)

28
Q

A pt presents w/ FEVER and SEVERE MUSCLE CONTRACTIONS after a surgical procedure.

A

Malignant Hyperthermia.

Occurs after administration of inhaled anesthetics or succinylcholine in genetically susceptible individuals.

29
Q

How do you tx malignant hyperthermia?

A

Dantrolene

blocks ryanodine receptors and release of Ca into cytoplasm of skeletal muscle fibers

30
Q

What is a common SE of TDZ therapy?

A

Weight gain and edema. Edema can exacerbate underlying CHF.

31
Q

What dramatically increases the risk of developing emphysema in pt’s with a1-antitrypsin def?

A

Smoking

32
Q

What bacteria can cause massive hemolysis and tissue necrosis (aka gas gangrene)?

A

C. Perfringes = PERForates the leg

33
Q

What is the main toxin produced by C. perfringens?

A

Lecinthinase (alpha toxin)

Degrades lecithin (main component of cellular phospholipid membranes)> leads to membrane destruction> cell death> necrosis and hemolysis

34
Q

Why can’t RBCs use ketone bodies for energy?

A

They don’t contain mitochondria and therefore can’t use ketone bodies because they lack enzyme succinyl CoA acetoacetate CoA transferase (thiophorase).

35
Q

What is the relationship between GFR and Creatinine?

A

Every time GFR halves, Creatinine doubles

36
Q

What is melanoma derived form?

A

NCC

malignancy of melanocytes

37
Q

What are the MC metastatic tumors to the brain?

A

Lung cancer
Renal cancer
Melanoma

38
Q

What is the difference between low doses and high doses of Da?

A

Low doses= stimulate D1 receptors in renal vasculature and tubules> increase in GFR, RBF and Na excretion

Med Doses= stimulates beta-1 adrenergic receptors in the heart> increased contractility, PP and SBP

High Doses= stimulates alpha-1 receptors in systemic vasculature> vasoconstriciton> decreased CO d/t increased afterload

Step 1 (69 decks)

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