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Step 1 > Test 37- BC > Flashcards

Test 37- BC Flashcards

1
Q

Biotin acts as CO2 carrier for what enzymes

A

carboxylation enzymes

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2
Q

pyruvate > OAA

A

pyruvate carboxylase

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3
Q

Acetyl CoA>

malonyl CoA

A

Acetyl-CoA carboxylase

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4
Q

priopionyl CoA> methylmalonyl CoA

A

proprionyl CoA carboxylase

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5
Q

excess ingestion of avidin

A

biotin def

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6
Q

requries thyiamine cofactor

A

transketolase
alpha keto DH
pyruvte DH

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7
Q

most abundant AA in collagen

A

collagen is 1/3 lysine!!

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8
Q

what AA i smost avidly consumed by fibroblasts?

A

glycine

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9
Q

aa in collagen

A

GLYCINE
proline
lysine

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10
Q 
Poor feeding
developmental delay
megaloblastic anemia (decreased DNA)
high plasma homocysteine
pt can't form cobalamin

can’t synthesize…

A

methionine

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11
Q

results in homocystinemia d/t impaired mehthionine re-synthesis

A

B12 def

homocysteine mehtyltransferase requries B12 as a cofacgor

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12
Q

enzyme that contributes to pigment stones

A

arise secondary to infection of biliary tract> release of beta glucuronidase by injured hepatocytes/bacteria>
hydrolysis of bilirubin>
increaes amt of unconjugated bilirubin

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13
Q

principle stabilizing force for secondary structure of proteins (beta pleated sheets)

A

H bonds

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14
Q

primary structure

A

peptide bonds

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15
Q

secondary structure: alpha helix/B sheet

A

H bond

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16
Q

How does hyperammonmia affect the glutamate/glutamine cycle?

A

Excess NH4> depeletes alpha keto>
inhibition of TCA

depletes glutamate>
accumulation of glutamine>
astrocyte swelling/dysfxn

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17
Q

exertional dyspnea
pneumonia
acute chest syndrome
recurrent abdominal pain

A

sickle cell

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18
Q

point mut leading to sub of glutamic acid for valine

A

sickle cell

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19
Q

niemen pick enz def

A

sphingomyelinase>abnormal accum phospholypipid sphinomyeline

20
Q

Methylmalonic acidemia

A

defect in isomerization rxn that transforms methylmalonyl coA to succinyl CoA prior to succinyl co A entering TCA cycle

21
Q

inhibition of LDH in exercising muscle> inhibition of glycolysis d/t intracellular depletion of what substance?

A

NAD!

22
Q

how do we regenerate NAD in anaerobic conditions

A

NADH transfers H to pyruvate to form LACTATE

23
Q

required to convert glyc 3 P to 1,3 PBG

A

NAD

24
Q

agent that specifically blocks the interaction of ITP w/ its intracellular receptor would ecrease the activity of?

A

Protein kinase C

25
Q

what activates PKC?

A

DAG and Ca release from SR under influence of IP3

26
Q

Gq

A

phospholipase C
Dag/IP3
PK C
Ca> smooht muscle contraction

27
Q

causes of secondary lactase def

A

viral gastroenteritis/disease taht damges inetstinal epithelium

28
Q

beta galactosidase

A

needed to confert Lactose to galactose

29
Q

OAA forms kaspartate while reacting w/ glutamate. What is needed for htis rxn?

A

B6 transamination

30
Q

occurs between AA and alpha keto acid

A

transamination

31
Q

cells that have LOW potential to replicate and LOW telomerase activity

A

pancreatic beta cells
neurons
myocardial cells

32
Q

no potential to divide

A

RBC

33
Q

telomerase is present in…

A

cancer cells
stem cells
epithelilial cells (rapidly divide)

34
Q

N acetylglutamate

A

essential activity of CPI

35
Q

snRNPs

A

synthesized by RNA pol II

help remove INTRONS/syntehsis of mRNA

36
Q

insulin>
TK>
stimulate synthesis of glycogen/proteins, fatty acids by activating…

A

protein phosphatase

37
Q

Why is HbS more severe than HbC

A

HbS contains valine in place of glutamic acid. this promotes hydrophobic interaction among Hb molecules> plymerization of HbS moleucles>
RBC distortion

38
Q

lipoic acid is needed for what enzymes?

A

Mitochondrial enzymes:
PDH> lactic acidosis
alpha ketoglutarate DH
branched chaint ketoacid DH> maple syrup urine disease

39
Q

EDsyndrome is associated w/ abnormal

A

collagen

40
Q

mild hypochormoic microcytic anemia w/ increased HbF, HbA and target cells

A

beta thalassemia

41
Q

what causes beta thalassemia?

A

mut in defective trxn
processing
translation of beta globin mRNA

42
Q

what occurs outside of the osteoblast during collagen synthesis?

A

terminal propeptides cleaved by N and C procollagen peptidases> tropocollagen

formation of collagen fibrils

covalent cross links formed by lysyl oxidase

43
Q

why do bruises get a greenish color?

A

heme oxygenase

44
Q 
Accident>
bruise>
lysis of RBC>
release of Hb into soft tissues>
heme degraded to....
A

heme oxygenase converts heme to biliverdin to form a BRUISE!

45
Q

Map kinase singal transduction pathway includes…

A

Ras proteins>

g protein that is exists in active and inactive forms–GDP vs GTP

46
Q

BER

A

corrects defects in single bases

47
Q 
glycosylase removes defective base
corresponding sugar phosphate cleaved and removed by endonuclease
lygase
dna Pol replaces missing nucleotides
ligase reconnects DNA strand
A

BER

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