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Step 1 > Test 44 > Flashcards

Test 44 Flashcards

1
Q

invaginations of the sarcolemma that extend into each muscle fiber and transmit depolarization signals to the SR to trigger the release of Ca

A

T tubules

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2
Q

what is the consequence of having no T tubules?

A

don’t get coordinated contraction of all myofibrils

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3
Q

MC disorder of porphyrin synthesis

A

porphyria cutanea tardea

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4
Q

enzyme def in PCT

A

Uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase

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5
Q

blistering cutaneous photosensitivity

A

PCT

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6
Q

vit def that can lead to microcytic hypochromic anemia secondary to decreased heme synthase

A

B6

cofactor for ALA synthase

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7
Q

result from a FAILED obliteration of the omphalomesenteric duct

A

enterocysts and meckel diverticula

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8
Q

benign tumor composed of blood vessels
smooth muscle
fat

A

renal angiomyolipoma

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9
Q

bilatera renal angiomyolipomas
brain hamartomas
ash leaf skin patches
in a young woman

A

tuberous sclerosis

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10
Q

Neurofibroma
optic gliomas
cafe au lai spots
lisch nodules

A

NF1

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11
Q

bilateral acoutstic neuromas
cataracts
meningiomas
ependyomas

A

NF2

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12
Q

facial port wine stain

leptomeningeal capillary venous malformation

A

SWS

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13
Q

facial port wine stain

leptomeningeal capillary venous malformation

A

SWS

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14
Q

seronegative spondyloarthropathies have a sgrong association w/ what gene?

A

HLA-B27

codes for MHC I

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15
Q

seronegative spondyloarthropathies have a sgrong association w/ what gene?

A

HLA-B27

codes for MHC I

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16
Q

crescent formation on light microscopy

A

RPGN

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17
Q

what are crescents that make up RPGN composed of

A 
FIBRIN in bowmans space> proliferation of parietal cells
plasmin proteins (C3b)
glomerular parietal cells
monocytes
macrophages
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18
Q

what are crescents that make up RPGN composed of

A 
FIBRIN in bowmans space> proliferation of parietal cells
plasmin proteins (C3b)
glomerular parietal cells
monocytes
macrophages
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19
Q

what does hospice require

A

prognosis less than 6 months

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20
Q

diphenoxylate

A

opiate anti-diarrheal related tomepederine

that SLOWS motility

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21
Q

diphenoxylate

loperamide

A

opiate anti-diarrheals
that SLOWS motility

agonist at u receptor> open K channel> close Ca channel> decreaes synaptic transmission

22
Q

diphenoxylate

loperamide

A

opiate anti-diarrheals
that SLOWS motility

agonist at u receptor> open K channel> close Ca channel> decreaes synaptic transmission

23
Q

best and most reliable ausculatory indicator of the degree of mitral stensois

A

A2 (aortic valve closure)-Os (opening snap) interval

*OS occurs d/t abrupt tensing of vlalve leaflets as the mitral valve reaches its max diameter during forceful opening

shortened–> more severe stenosis

24
Q

what viruses are capable of genetic shifts through reassortment?

A

viruses w/ segmented genomes

25
Q

segmented viruses

A 
RNA
BOAR
bunyaviruses
orthmyxoviruses (ifluenza)
Arenaviruses
Reoviruses
26
Q

most effective tx for HTN and chronic ischemic myocardial failure in a pt w/ hx of CHF

A

ACE inhibitors

inhibit myocardial remodeling and deterioration of ventricular conractile xn

27
Q

what is one of hte initial tx recommended for essential HTN in a pt WITHOUT CHF/diabetes

A

HTZ

28
Q

ARR

A

ARR- ER control-ERtreatment

29
Q

ERtreatment

A

ERtreatment= number of events in the treatment arm/number of subjects in the treatment arm

30
Q

culture for neisseria organisms

A

SELECTIVE media
THayer martin VCN Medium

inhibits growth of gram + and other gram - other than neisseria and fungi

31
Q

culture for neisseria organisms

A

SELECTIVE media
THayer martin VCN Medium

inhibits growth of gram + and other gram - other than neisseria and fungi

32
Q

gall stone ileus

A

results from the passage of a large gallstone through a cholecystenteric fistula into the small bowel where it can cause obstruction of hte ileocecal valve

33
Q

Gas is see w/in gallbladder and biliary tree on abdominal x ray d/t presence of fistula and pt has sxs of bowel obstruction

A

gall stone ileus

34
Q

how does GI bleeding cause hepatic encephalopathy?

A

GI bleeding>
increased N delivery to the gut as Hb>
converted to ammonia and absorbed in the blood stream

35
Q

how does GI bleeding cause hepatic encephalopathy?

A

GI bleeding>
increased N delivery to the gut as Hb>
converted to ammonia and absorbed in the blood stream

36
Q

terbinafine

A

inhibits SQUALENE EPOXIDASE>

inhibits syntehsis of ergosterol

37
Q

used to tx dermatophytoses

A

terbinafine

38
Q

used to tx dermatophytoses

A

terbinafine

39
Q

muscle weakness and cramping

A

hypokalemia

40
Q

how do thiazide diuretics cuase hypokalemia

A 
DECRASE intravascular voluem>
stimulates aldosterone secretion>
increased absorption Na>
increased excretiong of K and H>
HYPOKALEMIA and met ALKALOSIS
41
Q

toxicity of HTZ

A 
hyperGLUC
glycemia
lipidemia
uricemia
calcemia
42
Q

toxicity of HTZ

A 
hyperGLUC
glycemia
lipidemia
uricemia
calcemia
43
Q

anesthetics w/ LARGE ateriovenous concentration gradients

A

HIGH tissue solubility> more anesthetic is taken up from blood> lower venous concentraiton>
SLOWER onset of aciton (need to replace what is absorbed from peripheral tissues)

44
Q

anesthetics w/ LARGE ateriovenous concentration gradients

A

HIGH tissue solubility> more anesthetic is taken up from blood> lower venous concentraiton>
SLOWER onset of aciton (need to replace what is absorbed from peripheral tissues)

45
Q

dissolve hte lipid bilayer of hte outer viral envelope

A

ether

46
Q

Pseudohypertorphy associated w/ duchennes

A

fibrofatty replacement of muscle

47
Q

Pseudohypertorphy associated w/ duchennes

A

fibrofatty replacement of muscle

48
Q

diabetic mononeuropathy

A

involves CN III often

caused by central ischmia> affects somatic nerve fibers but spares peripheral PNS fibers

49
Q

diabetic mononeuropathy

A

involves CN III often

caused by central ischmia> affects somatic nerve fibers but spares peripheral PNS fibers

50
Q

Villous adenomas

**cauliflower like mass in sigmoid colon

A

tend to be larger, sessile, more severely dysplastic than tubular adnemoas

can cause bleeding,
secretory diarrhea,
partial obstruction

Step 1 (69 decks)

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