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Step 1 > Test 32 > Flashcards

Test 32 Flashcards

1
Q

0,8

A

right atrium

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2
Q

4, 25

A

RV

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3
Q

9,25

A

Pulmonary artery

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4
Q

2,12

A

left atrium

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5
Q

9, 130

A

left ventricle

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6
Q

70, 130

A

Aorta

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7
Q

recurrent infections by neisseria species

A

deficiency of complement factors

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8
Q 
high fever
chills
altered mentaiton
petechial skin rash
septic shock
A

neisseria induced small vessel vasculitis

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9
Q

tx for N. meningitidis

A

ceftriaxone at least 2 weeks

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10
Q

1/ARR

A

NNT

Lower NNT > more beneficial treatment

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11
Q

MOA of cocaine

A

inhibits presynaptic reuptake of NE, DA, 5HT

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12
Q

agitation
tachycardia
HTN
light repsponsive mydriasis

increased SNS activity

A

Cocaine

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13
Q

potent vasoconstrictor that can cause myocardial ischemia (due to increased SNS activity) and atrophy of nasal mucosa/septum (intranasal use)

A

cocaine

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14
Q

blocks tyrosine hydoxylase>

decreased levels of catecholamines/SNS effects

A

metyrosine

conversion of tyrosine to DOPA

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15
Q

blocks monoamine entry into presynaptic vesicles> sympatholytic effects

A

Reserpine

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16
Q

COMT inhibitors that PROLONG the effects of levodopa tx in pts w/ parkinsons

A

entacapone

tocalpone

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17
Q

sensation of excessive motion compared to physical reality

A

vertigo

dysfunction in vestibular system

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18
Q

Neonate w/ swellin gof the hands (lymphedema) and cystic hygromas (cystic spaces separated by CT rich in lymphoid aggregates)

A

TUrners

**d/t abnormalities of lymph outflow

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19
Q

cystic hygroma

A

tumors usually located on the neck that are present at birth

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20
Q

roud face
microcephaly
ccat like cry

A

cri du caht

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21
Q

neonate w/ 46 XY that appears to be a phenotypically normal female but has a blind ended vaginal pouch with NO uterus

A

Androgen insensitivity syndrome

  • defect in testosterone receptors
  • this pt would develop testes b/c testosterone
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22
Q

Phosphodiesterase inhibitor used in pts w/ intermittent claudication

A

Cilostazol

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23
Q

Inhibits platelet aggregation (increasing cAMP) and is a direct arterial vasodilator

A

Cilostazol

*good treatment for peripheral artery disease

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24
Q

direct thrombin inhibitor largely used to tx heparin induced thrombocytopenia

A

agratroban

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25
Q

competitive inhibitor of Vit K epoxide reductase used to tx/prevent thromboembolic events

A

warfarin

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26
Q

short t1/2 that activates antithrombin to cdecrase thrombin and factor XA

A

Heparin

*prevents thromboembolic events

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27
Q

converts plasminogen to plasmin to aid in fibrinoilysis

A

tPA

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28
Q

block the platelet ADP receptor, allowing Gp+ IIb/IIIa to function apropriately

A

ticlodipine

clopidogrel

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29
Q

monoclonal ab that inhibits platelet aggregation by targeting IIb/IIIa receptor

A

abciximab

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30
Q

well known SE of hypolipidemic drugs

A

myopathy> elevated creatine kinase (sign of muscle damage)

hepatotoxicity

31
Q

decrease incidence of second MI and mortality in pt’s w/ previous MI

A

statins

32
Q

tumbling MOTILE gram positive rods that produce narrow zone of b hemolysis

grow well at refrigerated temps

A

listeria monocytogenes

33
Q

what is needed to eliminate l. monocytogenes

A

intact cell mediated immunity

34
Q

why is it bad if neonates get l. monocytogenes

A

up to 3 mos they’re vulneragble b/c cell mediated immunity hasn’t developed

35
Q

varicella IgG Abs suggest

A

antecedent PRIMARY VZV infection (conver immunity against chicken box but not HZ which is why it can reactivate)

IgM> IgG

36
Q

why is skeletal muscle resistat to the effect of Ca channel blockers

A

does NOT require an influx of extracellular Ca for excitation contraction coupling

37
Q

this muscle type depends on extracellular Ca entering the cell via VG L type Ca channels for excitation contraction coupling

A

cardiac adn smooth

38
Q

target of verapamil and Ca channel blockers

A

VG Ca channels on cardiac and smooth muscle

39
Q

how long does it take to lose cardiomyocyte contractitily after onset of total ischemia

A

60 seconds

40
Q

restoration of blood flow that leads to reversible contractile dysfunction

A

myocardial stunning

41
Q

30 minutes of total ischemia

A

irreversible injury

42
Q

murmur of aortic stenosis

A

crescendo/decrescendo murmur

starts afte hte first heart sound and ends

43
Q

contraindications for OCPS

A 
prior thromboembolitic event/stroke
estrogen dep tumor
women over 35 who smokes heavily
hypertriglyceridemia
liver disease
pregnancy
44
Q

arises from the lateral aspect of the mid pons

A

CN 5

45
Q

dorsolateral aspect of cuadal pons at pontomedullary jxn

A

facial nerve

46
Q

arises from preolivary sulcus at level of rostral medulla

A

CN 12

47
Q

arises at level of superior oclliculus and red nculeus which are loated in the rostral mesencephalon (mid brain)

A

CN 8

48
Q

arises from midbrain at level of inferior colliculus

A

trochlear

49
Q

only nerve to decussate bbefore innervating its target

A

CN 4

50
Q

only sensory pathway that doesn’t relay to the thalamus

A

smell

51
Q

spinothalamic

DCML

A

VPL

52
Q

VPM

A

trigeminal (face sensation)

gustatory (taste)

53
Q

LGN

A

Vision

light

54
Q

MGN

A

Hearing

music

55
Q

VL

A

motor

56
Q

MC cause of excessive daytime sleepiness in the US

A

Obstructive sleep apnea

57
Q

daytime sleepiness
morning HA
depression

A

obstrutive sleep apnea

58
Q 
rathke's pouch (AP)
lens and cornea
inner ear organs
olfactory epithelium
nasal/oral epithelial linigns
epidermis
salivary/sweat/mammary glands
A

surface ectoderm

59
Q 
brain
spinal cord
Post pit
pineal gland
retina
A

neural tue

60
Q

surface ctoderm
neural tube
neural crest

A

ectoderm

61
Q

mesoderm

A

muscle
bone
CT
serous linings of cavities

62
Q

endoderm

A 
GI tract
liver
pancrease
lungs
thymus
PTH
middle ear
bladdder
urethra
63
Q

first line treatment for partial seizures and benign essential tremor

A

primidone

active metabolites are phenobarbital and phenylehtylmalonamide

SE: sedation

64
Q

these cells move to an area of ischemic infarct 3-5 days after onset of ischemia and phagocytize gragments of neurons, myelin and necrotid depris

A

microglia

phagocytosis of myelin breakdown products leads to a lot of lipids in cytoplasm

65
Q

muffled heart sounds
elevated JVD
profound HYPOtension

A

pericardial tamponade

66
Q

what cuases profoudn hypotension in pericardial tamponade

A

free wall rupture limits ventricular filling during diastole. As P increases venous return to heart is reduced>
hypotension and pulseless electrical activity

67
Q

MC cause of death in pts w/ TCA overdose

A

refractory hypotension and cardiac arrhytmias d/t inhibition of fast Na channels in cardiac myocytes> prolonged depolarization

68
Q

block reuptake of NE/5HT and are used to treat depression

A

TCA

69
Q

pramipexole

ropinirole

A

NONergot

Da agonist

70
Q

ergot DA agonists

A

bromocriptine (used to tx galactorrhea)

pergolide

71
Q

increass Da release and increases reuptake

A

Amantadine

72
Q

impaired ubiquitin proteasome system contributes to these neurodegenerative disorders

A

parkinsons

alzheimers

73
Q

ventricular enlargement d/t brain atrophy that is NOT accompanied by increase in CSF pressure

A

hydrocephalus ex vacuo

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