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Step 1 > Test 53 > Flashcards

Test 53 Flashcards

1
Q

prior to fertilization secondary oocytes are arrested in…

A

Metaphase of Meiosis II

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2
Q

cause of froth/foamy urine

A

proteinuria

heavy proteinuria seen in nephrotic syndrome can cause interstitial edema d/t decraese in serum albumin and total protein concentrations lower hte hplasma oncotic P

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3
Q

branch of the maxillary artery that enters the skull at hte foramen spinosum

A

MMA

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4
Q

pterion

A

bone is thin in this region and the MMA courses w/in the skull deep to this point> epidural hematoma

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5
Q

why do epidural hematomas require prompt treatment

A

lead to transtentorial herniation and palsy of CNIII

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6
Q

hilar adenopahty
pulmonary disease
non caseating granulomas (diff from TB)

A

SArcoidosis

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7
Q

what statin combinatoin increases the risk of myopathy in pts being treated for hyperlipidemia

A

statin + fibrates

GEmofibrozil increases the concentration of most statins > increased risk for myopathy

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8
Q

used to tx insomnia in pts employed in mission-critical positions, short half life minimizes undesirable day time SE

A

Triazolam

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9
Q

lorazepam

A

intermediate

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10
Q

diazepam
flurazepam
chlordiazepoxide

A

long

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11
Q

forms most of the diaphragmatic surface of the heart

A

inferior wall of left ventricle

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12
Q

supplies the inferior wall of left ventricle

A

posterior descending artery (most ppl derived from RCA)

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13
Q

supplies anterior 2/3 of IV septum and anterior wall of left ventricle

A

LAD coronary artery

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14
Q

supplies lateral and posterior superior walls of left ventricle

A

left circumflex

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15
Q

gives rise to LAD and left circumflex

A

left main coronary artery

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16
Q

acute marginal branches

A

arise from the RCA to suply teh wall of the right ventricle

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17
Q

initiates acute inflammation of the GB 90% of the time

A

acute calculous cholecysistitis

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18
Q

has 5’-3’ exonuclease activity and 5’ to 3’ polyermase and 3’-5’ exonnuclease activites

A

DNA pol 1

*5’-3’ used to remove the RNA primer and damaged DNA

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19
Q

tx for DKA

A

iv hydration

normal saline and insulin

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20
Q

primary FV of s. pneuonia

A

polysaccharide capsule that inhibits phagocytosis

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21
Q

fever
cough
consolidation on chest xray

A

pneumonia

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22
Q

gram + diplococci that have alpha hemolysis on blood agar (green colonies)
bile soluble
optochin sensitive

A

s. pneumonia

23
Q

bacterial organism destroyed by placement in hypotonic solution

A

damage to peptidoglycan cell wall by antibiotic against cell wall synthesis

24
Q

peripheral edema
significant progeinuria
IgG4 Abs to phospholipase a2 receptor in podocytes

A

idiopathic membranous nephropahty

25
Q

abnormal T cell production of glomerular permeability factor> fusion of foot processes

A

minimal change disease

26
Q

abnormal T cell production of glomerular permeability factor> fusion of foot processes

A

minimal change disease

27
Q 
Combined T and B cell dysfxn
severe bacterial and viral infections
candidiasis
persistent diarrhea
FTT

absent T cells and hypogammaglobulinemia

A

SCID

*thymic shadow not present d/t severe T cell def

28
Q

chronic diarrhea
mucocutaneous candidiasis
severe bacterial and viral infections in infancy

absence of thymic shaddow

A

SCID

*thymic shadow not present d/t severe T cell def

29
Q

ataxia
telangiectasias
sinupulmonary infections

A

ataxia telangiectasia

30
Q

oculocutaneous albinism
pyogenic infections
neurologic dysfxn

A

Chediak higashi syndrome

31
Q

severe bacteriala nd fungal infections

granuloma formation

A

chronic granulomatous disease

32
Q

congenital heart disease
dysmorphic facies
hypocalcemia

A

DiGeorge

33
Q

recurrent neisseria

A

C5-C9 def

34
Q

recurrent infections that worsen w/ age
easy bleeding
eczema

A

WA syndrome

35
Q

anti-inflammatory agent that DOES NOT impair platelet fxn

A

selective COX 2 inhibitors

36
Q

nitrates>
reflex tachycardia by causing a relative hypotension that hte body responds to w/ catecholamine release.

how do you prevent this?

A

administer nitrates w a beta blocker

37
Q

Etanercept

A

TNFa inhibitor added to MTX to tx moderate-severe RA

38
Q

fusuion protein linking solubule TNFa receptor to Fc component of IgG1

A

reduces biological activity of TNFa by acting as a decoy receptor

ETANERCEPT

39
Q

mab

A

monoclonal ab

40
Q

cept

A

receptor molecule

41
Q

nib

A

kinase inhibitor

42
Q

nib

A

kinase inhibitor

43
Q

exons of a gene are reconnected in multiple ways during post transcriptional processing> different mRNA sequences> different protein isoforms

A

alternative splicing

44
Q

left untreated, where do gastric carcinomas metastasize to?

A

Virchow’s node (left supraclavicular sentinel node)

Sister mary joseph nodule (subcutaneous mass in periumbilical region)

45
Q

metastatic spread of adenocarcinoma to one or both ovaries

A 
primary cancers of 
stomach
breast
pancreas
gallbladder
46
Q

enzyme w/ a molecular weight of 72kD

A

COX 2

47
Q

Irreversibly modifies COX1/2

A

NSAIDS/aspirin

48
Q

infliximab

A

irreversibly binds to and ]inhibits TNFa

49
Q

chronic pathologic changes in spleens of pts w/ sickle cell anemia

A

repetitive splenic infarctions caused by splenic microvessel occlusion>
fibrosis, brownish discoloration>
need for autosplenectomy

50
Q

reliable test

A

gives similar results on repeat measurements

51
Q

validity (accuracy)

A

tests ability to measure what it’s supposed to

52
Q

foul smelling bulky floating greasy stool

A

malabsorption

53
Q

dx of malabsorption

A

collect stool

Step 1 (69 decks)

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