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Step 1 > Test 88 > Flashcards

Test 88 Flashcards

1
Q 
Acute onset
imapired consciousness
flucutating course
reversible
global memory impairment
A

delirium

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2
Q 
Gradual onset
intact consciousnes
progressive course
irreverible
remote memory spared
A

dementia

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3
Q 
gradual onset
intact consciousness
episodic course
reversible
moderately imapired focus/ concentration
A

depression

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4
Q

requirements for growth of H influenzae

A

X (hematin)

V (NAD+)

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5
Q

satellite phenomenon when H influenza is grown near S. aureus

A

S aureus colonies produce the needed X and V factors for H. influenza to grow

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6
Q

essential GF for many bacteria and is provided in all blood agars d/t presence of RBCs

A

Fe

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7
Q

shooting pain down the POSTERIOR thigh and leg

decreased ankle jerk reflex

A

SCIATICA in S1

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8
Q

supplies most of the skin of hte anterior thigh

A

lateral femoral cutaneous nerve (purely sensory)

L2 and L3

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9
Q

L4 damage

A

impairment of knee jerk reflex

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10
Q

can activate all the proteolytic pancreatic enzymes including its own zymogenic form

A

Trypsin

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11
Q

premature activationg of trypsinogen BEFORE it reaches the duodenal lumen

A

autodigestion of the pancreatic tissues

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12
Q

gene mutations that render trypsin insensitive to cleavage inactivation (by trypsin itself) can cause….

A

hereditary pancreatitis

SPINK-1 genes

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13
Q

drugs associated w/ megaloblastic anemia

A

MTX

phenytoin

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14
Q

Causes 80% of acute pancreatitis cases

A

gallstones and chronic alcoholism

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15
Q

serum TG levels greater than 1000

A

can cause acute pancreatitis

inherited /acquired hyper TG

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16
Q 
Cirrhosis
CNS involvement
Kayser Fleisher rings
DECREASED ceruloplasmin
inchreased hepatic copper content
A

WIlsons disease

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17
Q 
Cirrhosis
pancreatic fibrosis> diabetes
cardiomyoipathy
secondary hypogonadism
High Ferritin
A

Hemochromatosis

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18
Q

Increased concentration of oxalate in the urine

A

intestinal malabsorption syndromes (Chrons)> calcium oxalate renal stones

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19
Q

Postural skeletal muscles: soleus and paraspinal msucles

A

Type I SLOW twitch
red muscle fibers
derive ATP from oxidative metabolism–>
increased MITOCHONDRIA…and MYOGLOBIN

20
Q

White fibers
decreased mito/myoglobin
increased anaerobic glycolysis

WeIGHT training

A

Type 2 (any muscles that provide rapid forcefull movements are fast twitch)

21
Q 
hypercalcemia
hypercalciuria
confusion
polyuria/polydipsia
anorexia
vomiting
muscle weakness
A

Excess vitamin D!!!

22
Q

Why do pts w/ granulomatous disorders (sarcoidosis, TB, HOdgkins, non hodgkins) frequently develop hypercalcemia and hypercalciuria?

A

High serum CALCITRIOL levels> increased intestinal Ca absorption/ bone resorption

23
Q

can cause culture negative endocarditis

A 
Bartonella
Coxiella
myocplasma
histoplasma
chylamydia
HACEK
24
Q

RT inhibitors that DO NOT require activation via intracellular phosphorylation

A

NNRTIs
nevirapine
efavirenz
devalvirdine

25
Q

Zidovudine

Zalcitabine

A

NRTI

26
Q

Ritonavir

A

HIV protease inhibitor

27
Q

Efurvitide

A

fusion inhibiotr

28
Q

Syncope
Angina
dyspnea

systolic ejection murmur at RIGHT second intercostal space that can radiate to CAROTIDS

A

SAD= severe aortic sentosis

29
Q

MC cause of AS

A

senile calcific aortic valve degeneration

30
Q

PAH

A

secreted into nephron by PROXIMAL TUBULE but NOT resorbed by any portion of the nephron

…conc is LOWEST in the bowmans space

31
Q

SErtraline SE

A

SSRI

sexual dysfunction

32
Q

SE of TCA

A

anticholinergic effects= urinary retention

33
Q

feared SE d/t OVERDOSE w/ TCAS

A

CArdiac arrythmias

34
Q

cancer that arises 10 years after radical mastectomy w/ axiallary LN dissection for breast cancer

A

lymphangiosarcoma

35
Q

carcinoma associated w/ arsenic, thorotrast, and polyvinyl chloride

A

liver hemangiosarcoma

36
Q

Older pt

paina nd deformity in bony area and hearing loss

A

Paget’s disease

37
Q

cause of paget’s disease

A

excessive osteoclasti bone resorption> incrased bone turnover and chaotic one formation

38
Q

OG poisoning

A

OGs bind IRREVERSIBLY to cholinesterase> state of cholinergic EXCESSIVE salivation, lacrimation, diaphoresis…etc. LEAKY

tx. w/ atropine (blocks Muscarinic receptor)

39
Q

common complication of gram - sepsis, acute pancreatitis and burn injury

A

DIC

40
Q

fragmented RBC
thrombocytopenia
prolonged PT/PTT
decraesed fibrinogen, factor V and VIII

A

DIC

41
Q

Teardrop cells

A

myelofibrosis (bone marrow replaced by fibrosis and RBC must squeeze out)

42
Q

Target cells

A

HbC
Asplenia
Liver disease
Thalessemia

43
Q

pancytopenia
low reticulocyte count
absent splenomegaly

A

Aplastic anemia

44
Q

Oral administration of a drug vs. IV, sublingual, rectal

A

Oral= LARGE first pass metabolism

IV, sublingual, rectal= bypasses most metabolizing processes and allows drugs to reach systemic circulation

45
Q

signet ring carcinoma

A

one of the two major types of gastric adenocarcinoma (abundant mucin drops PUSH nucleus to ONE SIDE >signet ring profile)

IFILTRATES areas of the stomach> leather bottel stomach

46
Q

Leads to impairment of platelet function and coagulation pathway abnormalities

A

vWF def

Prolonged BT, prolonged PTT, decreased platelet agg in response to ristocetin

47
Q

ristocetin aggregation test

A

used to measure vWF dependent platelet aggregation

Ristocetin activates GP1b-X receptors on PLATELETS adn makes them available for vWF binding

If vWF is DECREASED there is POOR platelet aggregation in teh presence of ristocetin

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