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Test 52 Flashcards

1
Q

hirschsprung disease

A

abnormal migraiton of NCC to the RECTUM!!!!!!

rectum is ALWAYS involved, sigmoid colon in 75% of cases

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2
Q

medication used for seizure prophylaxis and for bipolar

A

valproatea

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3
Q

anticonvulsants that are used as mood stabilizers in bipolar

A

carbamezipine

lamotrigine

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4
Q

abscence seizures

reduces Ca currents

A

ethosuximide

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5
Q

Lithium

A

acute and maintenance tx of bipolar

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6
Q

1st line tx for active seizures
acute anxiety
alcohol w/drawal

A

Lorazepam

NOT bipolar

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7
Q

cause of xEroderma pigmentosum

A

defect in DNA EXCISIONAL repair

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8
Q

increased sensitivity to UV radiation and high incidence of all forms of cutaneousmalignancy

A

xeroderma pigmentosum

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9
Q

RB

A

regulates cell cycle

retinoblastoma
osteosarcoma

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10
Q

DNA mismatch repair

A

HNPCC or lynch syndrome

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11
Q

oral admin of d xylose

A

(monosaccharide)

used to differentiate between malabsorption of pancreatic vs GI mucosal etiology

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12
Q

Tetanus immunization

A

toxoid that triggers produciton of antitoxin Abs (activve immunity)

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13
Q

chronic sleep disorder characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness, cataplexy, REM phenomena

A

Narcolepsy

recurrent naps
brief loss of muscle tone
hallucinations

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14
Q

don’t feel refreshed after naps

persistent daytime sleepiness

A

hypersomnolence

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15
Q

don’t feel refreshed after naps

persistent daytime sleepiness

A

hypersomnolence

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16
Q

Promotes renal calculi

A

increased Ca, oxalate and uric acid promote salt crystalllization

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17
Q

prevents calculi formation

A

citrate

stone preventing effect, binds to free Ca and preents its precipitation and facilitates its excretion

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18
Q

prevents calculi formation

A

citrate

stone preventing effect, binds to free Ca and prevents its precipitation and facilitates its excretion

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19
Q

how do you dx thiamine deficiency

A

erythrocyte transketolase activity

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20
Q

B1 cofactor for waht enzymes

A

PDH
alpha ketoglutarate DH
transketolase

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21
Q

location of left ventricular leads

A

course through the coronary sinus in the AV groove on teh posterior aspect of the heart

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22
Q

PPV

A

TP/ (TP+FP)

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23
Q

PPV

A

TP/ (TP+FP)

24
Q

hypoxemia in pulmonary vascular bed

A

vasoconstrictive response

25
Q

MC lung cancer in general population

A

Adenocarcinoma

26
Q

MC subtype of cancer in women and non smokers

A

Adenocarcionma

27
Q

lung cancer that’s located peiropherally nad consists of tumor cells that forms glandular papillary structures

A

Adenocarcinoma

28
Q

located centrally
necrosis and cavitation
smokers
hypercalcemia

A

SCC

29
Q

Centrally located
smokers
cavitation
hypercalcemia

A

Small cell carcinoma

30
Q

peripheral
gynecomastia
gaactorrhea

A

Large cell carcinoma

31
Q

preferred tx for RA that can cause pianful mouth ulcers (stomatitis), nausea, and AST/ALT elevations

A

MTX

32
Q

MC hereditary cause of renal failure in adults

A

ADPKD

33
Q

HTN
hematuria
progressive renal failure
cerebral aneurysms

A

ADPKD

34
Q

untreated GAS

A

RF

35
Q

what causes RF

A

antigenic similarity between bacterial Ags and normal “self” Ags in heart and CNS

36
Q

NSCLC EML4-ALK that results in a constituitively active TK that cuases malignancy is most similar to the pathophysiology of…

A

CML

37
Q

NSCLC EML4-ALK that results in a constituitively active TK that cuases malignancy is most similar to the pathophysiology of…

A

CML

38
Q

infant
subdural hematoma
bilateral retinal hemorrhages

A

shaken baby syndrome

39
Q

infant
subdural hematoma
bilateral retinal hemorrhages

A

shaken baby syndrome

40
Q

can cauase daytime drowsiness and increase the risk of falls in elderly

A

Benzos

*severity of SE depends on t1/2 of drug (long acting are more severe than short, but less likely to cause dependence)

41
Q

Alprazolam
Traizolam
Oxazepam

A

short acting Benzos

less daytime drowsinesss (less risk of falls)

high risk of dependence

42
Q

estazolam
lorazepam
temazepam

A

medium acting benzos w/ mod SE

43
Q

Chlordizepoxide
Clorazepate
Diazepam
Flurazepam

A

longer action

high risk of FALLS

less w/drawal

44
Q

DKA

A

low pH
low serum bicarb
low Pa CO2

high AG metabollic acidosis> compensatory respiratory alkalosis> Low PaCO2

45
Q

DKA

A

low pH
low serum bicarb
low Pa CO2

high AG metabollic acidosis> compensatory respiratory alkalosis> Low PaCO2

46
Q

major virulence factor for S. pyogenes
inhibits phagocytosis and complement activation

mediates bacterial adherence

A

protein M

47
Q

posterior fossa mass in child
primitive cells and mitotic figures

sheets of small blue cells

A

medulloblastoma

48
Q

MC brain neoplasm of child
rosenthal fibers
low grade

A

pilocytic astrocytoma

49
Q

tumor in child that arises from walls of ventriculi and hampers CSF flow > hydrocephalus

cells form rosettes

A

ependyomas

50
Q

tumor in child that arises from walls of ventriculi and hampers CSF flow > hydrocephalus

cells form rosettes

A

ependyomas

51
Q

travels w/ the inferior thyroid a.

A

recurrent laryngeal nerve

*can be injured during thyroidectomy

52
Q

travels w/ the inferior thyroid a.

A

recurrent laryngeal nerve

*can be injured during thyroidectomy

53
Q

Chlamydia

ureaplasma

A

lack cell walls so can’t be treated w/ penicillins or cephalosporins

*use macrolides or tetracyclines

54
Q

Factor 8 synthesized/stored where?

A

synthesized by liver and stored in endothelial cells

55
Q

used for tx of mild-mod hemophelia A>

releases VWF and Factor 8 from endothelium

A

Desmopressin

56
Q

MC malignancy in pts w/ exposure to asbestos

A

bronchogenic carcinoma*** esp in smokers

mesothelioma= rare malignancy of pleura

57
Q

asbestos occurs w/

A

shipbulding
construciton
textiles

Step 1 (69 decks)

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