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Flashcards in 55 Endocrine investigations Deck (19)
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1
Q

What does low TSH and low thyroxine (T4) indicate?

A

Pituitary failure.

2
Q

What does high TSH and low thyroxine (T4) indicate?

A

Unresponsive thyroid.

3
Q

What does low TSH and high thyroxine (T4) indicate?

A

Thyroid gland overproduction.

4
Q

What does high TSH and high thyroxine (T4) indicate?

A

Pituitary gland overproduction/feedback failure.

5
Q

What are the features of Cushing’s syndrome? (7).

A
Central obesity (moon face).
Thin skin with purple striae.
Hypertension.
Glucose intolerance.
Thin limbs.
Osteoporotic back pain.
Depression + psychoses.
6
Q

What is Cushing’s syndrome due to?

A

Excess cortisol.

7
Q

What are the features of Addison’s disease? (6).

A
Tiredness.
Weight loss.
Pigmentation.
Hypoglycaemia.
Abdominal pain.
Hypovolaemic collapse.
8
Q

What is Addison’s disease due to?

A

Insufficient cortisol.

9
Q

Which test is used in suspected Cushing’s?

A

Dexamethasone supression test.

10
Q

Which test is used in suspected Addison’s?

A

Synacthen stimulatory test.

11
Q

Why is it futile to test thyroid function in hospital patients?

A

Thyroid markers rise and then fall in non thyroidal illness.

12
Q

Which binding proteins does thyroxine bind to? (3).

A

TBG.
Albumin.
TBPA.

13
Q

Which binding protein do sex hormones bind to? (2).

A

Albumin.

SHBG.

14
Q

What does IGF-1 bind to in the blood?

A

IGFbp.

15
Q

What is sick euthyroid?

A

Unusual levels of T3/4 but thyroid is normally functioning. Adaptation of hypothalamic-thyroid-pituitary axis.

16
Q

When does sick euthyroid occur? (2).

A

Starvation.

ICU unit.

17
Q

How is phaechromocytoma investigated?

A

Urinary vanillylmandelic acid.

At least doubles in presence of tumour.

18
Q

What is an insulinoma and what does it cause?

A

Tumour in beta cells of islet of laangerhans.

Produces episodic hypoglycaemia.

19
Q

What is carcinoid?
Secretion?
Where are they found? (2).

A

Benign endocrine cell tumours.
10% secrete serotonin.
GI and lung.

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