DNA Replication Chapter 8.1

Question 1

Clones

Answer 1

genetically identical individuals from asexual reproduction (plants and fungi)
In animals 9 sponges, coral animals, hydra, and jellyfishes “bud” genetically identical clones that breakaway from the parent.

Question 2

How long do new cells live for

Answer 2

An average of about 35 days

Question 3

Purpose of cell division

Answer 3

produces a continuous supply of replacement cells. (cell death)
. Reproduction
. Growth and development
. Cell death

Question 4

Asexual reproduction

Answer 4

A single cell organism( or some eukaryotes) replicates its genetic material and splitting the contents of one cell into two
. It generates genetically identical offspring
. From one parent

Question 5

How do most prokaryotes reproduce

Answer 5

BINARY FISSION

Question 6

BINARY FISSION

Answer 6

The simplest form of asexual reproduction usually used by bacteria and archaea

Question 7

Sexual Reproduction

Answer 7

The production of offsprings whose genetic makeup comes from two parents.
. Each parent contribute a sex cell
. Because sexual reproduction mixes and recombines traits, the offsprings are genetically different from each other

Question 8

Cell division

Answer 8

process by which a parent cell divides into two or more daughter cells.

Question 9

3 types of cell division

Answer 9

1. Binary fission —- prokaryote

2. Meiosis and 3. Mitosis ——Eukaryotes

Question 10

2 types of cell division in Eukaryotes

Answer 10

1. Meiosis

2. Mitosis

Question 11

Meiosis

Answer 11

A special type of cell division necessary for sexual reproduction in eukaryotes.
.The cells produced by meiosis are gametes or spores.
. In many organisms, including all animals and land plants (but not some other groups such as fungi), gametes are called sperm and egg cells.
. meiosis produces cells that are genetically DIFFERENT from one another and the parent.
. For Reproduction

Question 12

Fertilization

Answer 12

The union of the gametes ( sperm cell and egg cell ) to make a zygote

Question 13

Zygote

Answer 13

the first cell of a new eukaryotic organism ( created by fertilization , when the 2 sex cell join ( sperm and egg)

Question 14

What type of cell division creates gametes ( sex cells )

Answer 14

Meiosis (meiosis produces cells that are genetically DIFFERENT from one another and the parent.)

Question 15

After fertilization and the creation of the zygote what happens

Answer 15

Mitosis immediately takes over

Question 16

Mitosis

Answer 16

divides a eukaryotic cell into 2 identical daughter cells

. for growth and development

Question 17

Difference between Meiosis and Mitosis

Answer 17

Meiosis– creates genetically different cells

Mitosis— creates genetically identically daughter cells ( similar to binary fission)

Question 18

Purpose of Mitosis in Eukaryotic cells ( animals, fungi, plants)

Answer 18

.for growth and development
. repair damage after injury( healing)
. replace cells after they die (

Question 19

Summary of cell division

Answer 19

That every cell in the body results from countless rounds of cell division, each time forming 2 genetically identical cells from one.

Question 20

Summary of cell division and a eukaryotic life cycle

Answer 20

Adults produce gametes through meiosis ( sperm cell and egg). Fertilization unites the gametes creating a zygote. Mitosis immediately takes over to develop the zygote into a newborn and the newborn into an adult.

Question 21

Apoptosis ( falling away from)

Answer 21

programmed cell death.

. disintegration of cells into membrane bound particles that eliminated by phagocytes or by shedding.

Question 22

How do apoptosis and cell division work together for growth and development

Answer 22

. During early development they work together to shape new structures.
. They are both in balance so that tissue neither over grows or shrinks
. Cell division equally compensates for the death of a cell
. they work together to protect an organism
. healing
.

Question 23

Explain the roles of mitotic cell division, meiosis, and fertilization in the human life cycle.

Answer 23

Mitosis allows for growth and repair from the fertilized egg to the adult.

In reproductively mature individuals, meiosis creates gametes with half the genetic material.

The male gamete then fertilizes the female gamete during sexual reproduction, forming a zygote with a full set of genetic material.

Question 24

Why are both cell division and apoptosis necessary for the development of an organism?

Answer 24

Cell division is needed to produce the large number of cells necessary to form the individual. Combined with apoptosis, the structures in the organism can be carved out and constantly recycled.