From Fins to Fist

Question 1

Class Sarcopterygii

Answer 1

The lobe-fins

Coelacanths, lungfishes, and tetrapods

Question 2

Derived characters of tetrapods

Answer 2

four limbs, feet with digits, ears for detecting airborne sounds

Question 3

How many species are in amphibians

Answer 3

6,150

Question 4

Class Amphibia

Answer 4

Most have moist skin for gas exchange, fertilization is external in most species, and the eggs require a moist environment

Question 5

Order Caudata

Answer 5

salamanders, which have tails

Question 6

Order Anura

Answer 6

Frogs and toads which lack tails

Question 7

Arder Apods

Answer 7

caecilians, which are legless and resemble worms

Question 8

Causes for amphibian declines

Answer 8

caryatid fungus, habitat loss, climate change, trematodes, pollution and chemicals

Question 9

Amniotes

Answer 9

a group of tetrapods whose living members are reptiles, including birds and mammals

Question 10

Derived characters of amniotes

Answer 10

amniotic egg, relatively impermeable skin, ability to use rib cage to ventilate the lungs

Question 11

Extra-embryonic membranes

Answer 11

amnion, chorion, yolk sac, and allantois

Question 12

Reptilia

Answer 12

includes tuataras, lizards, snakes, turtles, crocodilians, birds, and extinct dinosaurs

Question 13

derived characters of reptilia

Answer 13

have scales that create a waterproof barrier

They lay shelled eggs on land

Question 14

Most reptiles are

Answer 14

ectothermic

Question 15

Birds are

Answer 15

endothermic

Question 16

Archosaur

Answer 16

lineage produced the crocodilians, pterosaurs, and dinosaurs

Question 17

Crocodilians belong to

Answer 17

archosaur lineage

Question 18

Derived characters of birds

Answer 18

the major adaptation is wings with keratin feathers, lack of a urinary bladder, four chambered heart, endothermy, females with only one ovary, small gonads, loss of teeth

Question 19

How many species are represented in mammalia

Answer 19

5,300

Question 20

Derived characters of mammalia

Answer 20

mammary glands, hair, larger brain, differentiated teeth

Question 21

three living lineages of mammals that emerged by the early crustaceous

Answer 21

monotremes, marsupials, and eutherians

Question 22

Monotremes

Answer 22

a small group of egg-laying mammals consisting of echidnas and the platypus

Question 23

Marsupials

Answer 23

include opossums, kangaroos, and koalas
embryo develops within a placenta in the mothers uterus
born very early in development
completes embryonic development while nursing in a maternal pouch called a marsupium

Question 24

Eutherians

Answer 24

Have a longer period of pregnancy

young eutherians complete their embryonic development within a uterus, joined to the mother by the placenta

Question 25

Primates

Answer 25

includes lemurs, tarsiers, monkeys and apes

Question 26

Paleoanthropology

Answer 26

the study of human origins

Question 27

Hominids

Answer 27

more closely related to humans than chimpanzees

Question 28

When/where did hominids originate

Answer 28

in Africa about 6-7 million years ago

Question 29

Derived characters of humans

Answer 29

``` upright posture and bipedal locomotion larger brains language capabilities and symbolic thought the manufacture and use of complex tools shortened jaw shorter digestive tract ```