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LIFE 103 > Invertebrates > Flashcards

Invertebrates Flashcards

(63 cards)

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1
Q

Parazoa

A

Porifera (sponges)

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2
Q

Porifera (sponges)

A 
sequential hermaphroditism
gametes from choanocytes or ameobocytes
eggs stay in mesohyl
sperm released from sponge and enter other sponge via pores
larvae are free swimming
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3
Q

Ctenophora

A 
Movement by cilia
A few mm to 1.5 m
Found in marine systems
comb jellies
Radial
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4
Q

Cnidarian

A

Radial
Diploblastic
Polyp and medusa phase
Venomous

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5
Q

Clades of Cnidaria

A

Hydrozoa, Scyphozoans, Cubozoans, Anthozoans

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6
Q

Hydrozoans

A

Polyp stage more conspicuous
Fresh water and marine habitats
Can reproduce by budding
Portuguese Man o’ war

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7
Q

Scyphozoans

A

Medusa is obvious stage
Pelagic species lack a polyp stage
most are jellies

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8
Q

Cubozoans

A

box shaped medusa
complex eyes
highly toxic cnidocytes

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9
Q

Anthozoans

A

medusa stage absent
most are sessile
Sea anemones and coral

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10
Q

Eumetazoa contains

A 
radial dibloblasts
-Cnidaria
-Ctenophora
Bilateral (triploblasts)
-Protostomes
  *Platyzoa
  *Lophotrochozoa
  *Ecdysozoa
-Deuterostomes
  *Echinodermata
  *Chordata
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11
Q

Clade Platyzoa

A 
small bilateral animals
no respiration system
no circulation system
some acoelomates
some pseudocoelomates
free living and parasitic
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12
Q

Phylum Platyheminthes

A

Flatworms
Marine, freshwater, and damp terrestrial
Triploblastic acoelomates
water and gas exchange by diffusion

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13
Q

Phylum Platyheminthes contains the clades:

A

Turbellarians, Monogeneans and trematodes

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14
Q

Turbellarians

A

Free living and found in marine habitats
Planarians
reproduce asexually by fission
Hermaphrodites

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15
Q

Monogeneans

A

parasites both in and on hosts

Parasitic on fish

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16
Q

Trematodes

A

parasitic
sexual and asexual stages
some reproduce asexually through fission
hermaphrodites - mates fertilize eachother

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17
Q

Phylum Rotifera

A

fresh water, marine and damp terrestrial habitats
Alimentary canal separates mouth and anus
reproduce by parthenogenesis (asexual reproduction)

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18
Q

Bdelloidea

A

In phylum rotifera
Asexual
no males, 40 MYA
incorporates DNA from environment

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19
Q

Clade Lophotrochozoa

A

Highly diverse body forms
multiple phyla
some develop lophophore for feeding, some trochophore larval stage, some neither

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20
Q

Platyzoa contains

A

Rotifera and Platyhelminthes

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21
Q

Lophotrochozoa contains

A

Brachiopoda, Bryozoa, Annelida, Mollusca

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22
Q

Brachiopoda

A

“lamp shells”
Resemble clams
Shells are dorsal/ventral not lateral like mollusks
Marine

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23
Q

Byrozoa

A

colonial animals
encased in exoskeletons
Reef builders
Marine and freshwater

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24
Q

Annelida

A

segmented worms
marine, freshwater, and damp terrestrial
coelomates

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25
Annelida contains
oligochaete, Polychaeta, Hirundinea
26
Oligochaeta
Earthworms and aquatic species Improve soils for farmers Hermaphroditic some asexually reproduce
27
Polychaeta
free living mostly marine Parapodia - ridge-like structures used in locomotion bristle worms
28
Hirundea
leeches parasites, predators, and detritivores freshwater medicinal
29
Mollusca
mostly marine but also fresh water and terrestrial | secrete hard shell made of calcium carbonate.
30
3 body parts of mollusks
1. muscular foot 2. Mantle - fold of tissue over visceral mass 3. Radula - rasping feeding organ
31
Mollusca contains
Polyplacophora, Gastropoda, Bivalvia, Cephalopoda
32
Polyplacophora
Chitons shell divided into 8 plates intertidal marine habitat consume algae with radula
33
Gastropoda
``` Largest class of muscles Marine, freshwater, terrestrial snails and slugs Torsion rotates visceral mass - anus near head Hermaphroditic ```
34
Bivalvia
``` Shell divided in 2 No distinct head No radula some have eye spots gills for gas exchange filter or suspension fillers clams ```
35
Cephalopoda
``` Predators octopus and squid well developed sense organs complex brains beak-like jaw closed circulatory system most do not have shell Chromatophores Photophores ```
36
Chromatophores
organs that allow organisms to change color by distorting cytoplasmic sacculus
37
Photophores
organs that allow bioluminescent light to shine from organism
38
Ecdysozoa
Covered by tough coat called cuticle cuticle shed or molted through process called ecdysis 2 largest phyla are nematodes and arthropods
39
Ecdysozoa contain
Nematoda and Arthropoda
40
nematoda
``` Round worms water, soil, plant, and animal tissues no circulatory system alimentary canal most are separate sexes with females able to produce 100,000 fertilized eggs per day Parasitic - hookworm, heart worm, pinworm crop pests key soil species ```
41
Arthropoda
10^18 arthropods Alice on earth most successful phylum 535-525 MYA
42
Arthropoda contain
Chelicerata, Myriapoda, Hexapoda, Crustacea
43
Chelicerata
Chelicerae - pincers or fangs Body composed of cephalothorax and abdomen No antennae Earliest were water scorpions Most species extinct except for sea spiders and horseshoe crabs
44
Chelicerata contain
Arachnids
45
Arachnids
``` Largest group. Cephalothorax has 6 pairs of appendages -chelicerae -pedipalps used for sensing, feeding, reproducing - 4 pairs legs ```
46
Myriapoda
Millipedes and centipedes all are terrestrial all have pair of antennae and 3 pairs modified appendages serving as mouth parts segmented.
47
Millipedes
2 pairs of legs per segment | detritivores
48
Centipedes
1 pair legs per segment carnivores have venomous claws
49
Hexapoda
``` More species in Hexapoda than all other forms of life combined insects and springtails six legs terrestrial and fresh water flying species numerous ```
50
Hexapoda include
insects
51
simple (incomplete) metamorphosis
nymphs resemble small adults series of molts make nymph look more like adult final molt produces sexual maturity and wings
52
Complete metamorphosis
specialized larval stage (grub, caterpillar, maggot) | larval stage looks different than adult
53
Insects contain
Coleoptera, Lepidoptera, Diptera, Hymenoptera, Orthoptera
54
Coleoptera
Beetles complete metamorphosis most diverse species
55
Lepidoptera
Butterflies and moths | complete metamorphosis
56
Diptera
flies | complete metamorphosis
57
Hymenoptera
Bees, wasps, ants | Complete metamorphosis
58
Orthoptera
Grasshoppers, crickets | simple metamorphosis
59
Crustacea
variable number appendages | gas exchange across cuticle or by gills
60
crustacea contain
isopods, decapods, copepods
61
isopods
wood lice and other species | terrestrial, marine, fresh water
62
decapods
lobsters, crabs, shrimp | carapace is hardened cuticle on dorsal cephalothorax
63
copepods
krill and other species | planktonic crustaceans

LIFE 103 (28 decks)

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