Eukaryotes

Question 1

What is included in Domain Eukaryotes

Answer 1

single and multi-celled organisms
cells with membrane bound organelles
Cytoskeletons
Various forms of energy and nutrient intake
complex phylogeny

Question 2

Protista

Answer 2

the informal name of the kingdom of mostly unicellular eukaryotes

Question 3

What kind of group is protista

Answer 3

paraphyletic

Question 4

What are protists

Answer 4

eukaryotes, have organelles and are more complex than bacteria and archaea

Question 5

What falls under protists

Answer 5

all eukaryotes that are not animals, plants, or fungi

Question 6

Photoautotrophs

Answer 6

contain chloroplasts

Question 7

Heterotrophs

Answer 7

absorb organic molecules or ingest larger food particles

Question 8

Mixotrophs

Answer 8

combine photosynthesis and heterotrophic nutrition

Question 9

How do eukaryotes produce

Answer 9

sexually or asexually

Question 10

Meiosis

Answer 10

Unique to eukaryotes

Question 11

Much eukaryote diversity has its origins in

Answer 11

endosymbiosis

Question 12

Mitochandria evolved by

Answer 12

endosymbiosis of an aerobic prokaryote

Question 13

Plastids evolved by

Answer 13

endosymbiosis of a photosynthetic cyanobacteria

Question 14

The plastid-bearing lineage of protists evolved into

Answer 14

red algae and green algae

Question 15

Secondary endosymbiosis

Answer 15

red and green algae underwent, they were ingested by a heterotrophic eukaryote

Question 16

Excavata

Answer 16

characterized by cytoskeleton
some members have feeding groove
includes diplomonads, parabasalids, and euglenozoans

Question 17

What is in Excavata

Answer 17

diplomonads, parabasalids, and euglenozoans

Question 18

Diplomonads

Answer 18

have modified mitochondria called mitosomes

Are often parasites

Question 19

Parabasalids

Answer 19

Have reduced mitochondria called hydrogenosomes

Include Trichomonas vaginalis, the pathogen that causes yeast infections

Question 20

Euglenozoa

Answer 20

Have spiral or crystalline rod of unknown function inside their flagella
Kinetoplastids and Euglenids

Question 21

Kinetoplastids

Answer 21

Have a single mitochondrion with an organized mass of DNA called a kinetoplast

Question 22

Euglenids

Answer 22

have one or two flagella that emerge from a pocket at one end of the cell

Question 23

Chromalveolata

Answer 23

Clade is monophyletic and originated by a secondary endosymbiosis event
includes alveolate and stramenopiles

Question 24

What is in clade chromalveolata

Answer 24

alveolate and stramenopiles

Question 25

Superphylum alveolata

Answer 25

protists, have membrane-bounded sacs (alveoli) just under the plasma membrane includes the dinoflagellates, apicomplexans, and ciliates

Question 26

what is in the super phylum alveolata

Answer 26

dinoflagellates, apicomplexans, and ciliates

Question 27

Dinoflagellates

Answer 27

aquatic mixotrophs and heterotrophs abundant components of both marine and freshwater plankton Each has characteristic shape that is reinforced by internal plates of cellulose Cause of red tides

Question 28

Apicomplexa

Answer 28

parasites of animals and some cause serious human diseasesApex - contains complex of organelles specialized for penetrating host require two or more different host species

Question 29

What apicomplexan causes malaria

Answer 29

Plasmodium | Requires mosquitoes and humans to complete life cycle

Question 30

Phylum Stramenopila (or Heterokonts)

Answer 30

Diatoms, Golden algae, Brown algae

Question 31

Diatoms

Answer 31

unicellular algae with a unique two-part glass-like was of hydrated silica

Question 32

Golden algae

Answer 32

unicellular (some colonial), named for their color which results from their yellow and brown carotenoids

Question 33

Brown algae

Answer 33

the largest and most complex algae all are multicellular most are marine include seaweeds

Question 34

Components of brown algae

Answer 34

thallus, holdfast, stipe, and blades

Question 35

thallus

Answer 35

the algal body that is plantlike but lacks true roots, stems, and leaves

Question 36

holdfast

Answer 36

rootlike, anchors the stipe

Question 37

stipe

Answer 37

supports the blades

Question 38

blades

Answer 38

leaflike

Question 39

alternation of generations

Answer 39

the alternation of multicellular haploid and diploid forms

Question 40

heteromorphic generations

Answer 40

structurally different

Question 41

Isomorphic generations

Answer 41

Look similar

Question 42

Rhizaria

Answer 42

monophyletic clade Amoebas include forms and radiolarians Have hard shells called tests

Question 43

Supergroup Archaeplastida

Answer 43

in Rhizaria | includes red algae, green algae, and land plants

Question 44

what is included in archaeplastida

Answer 44

red algae, green algae, and land plants

Question 45

land plants descended from

Answer 45

green algae

Question 46

Red algae

Answer 46

reddish in color due to an accessory pigment called phycoerythrin which masks the green of chlorophyll Usually multicellular seaweeds

Question 47

Green algae

Answer 47

grass-green chloroplasts

Question 48

two main groups of green algae

Answer 48

chlorophytes and charophyceans

Question 49

where do chlorophytes live

Answer 49

in fresh water, although many are marine. Others live in damp soil, as symbionts in lichens or in snow

Question 50

Unikonts

Answer 50

supergroup of eukaryotes | includes animals, fungi, and Closely related eukaryotes

Question 51

Clade Amoebozoans

Answer 51

clade of Unikonts well supported Amoebas and slime molds

Question 52

Tow kinds of slime molds

Answer 52

plasmodial and cellular