A3

Question 1

Drive reduction theory

Answer 1

Reducing unpleasant internal subjective feelings of stress and bolstering self-esteem with a therapeutic intervention would reduce the likelihood

Question 2

Incentive theory

Answer 2

Is related to external rather than internal rewards

Question 3

Expectancy violation theory

Answer 3

How we react when our expectations are violated

Question 4

Cognitive dissonance theory

Answer 4

Change behavior by creating dissocance between our beliefs and actions

Question 5

Melatonin

Answer 5

Secreted in a circadian fashion with peak levels under low-light conditions - sleepiness

Question 6

Psychoanalytic theory

Answer 6

Childhood experiences and repressed desired

Question 7

Psychosocial development theory

Answer 7

Developmental milestones and overall progression from less advanced states or cognitive milestones

Question 8

Social cognitive theory

Answer 8

Social learning theory - altering one’s behavior as a result of a task is a form of observational learning

Question 9

Primary appraisal

Answer 9

1. Irrelevent, benign-positive, or stressful
2. If stressful then secondary appraisal

Question 10

Social psychology

Answer 10

Scientific study of how we think about, influence, and relate to others

Question 11

Developmental psychology

Answer 11

Study of phsyical, cognitive, and social development across the lifespan

Question 12

Humanistic psychology

Answer 12

Human growth potential

Question 13

Behavorism

Answer 13

Objevtive science where behavior is without reference to mental processes

Question 14

Biopsychosocial approach

Answer 14

Incorporates biological, psychological, and social-cultural influences

Question 15

Health psychology

Answer 15

Psychological contribution to behavioral medicine

Question 16

Positive psychology

Answer 16

Study of humans flourishing

Question 17

Role model

Answer 17

Individuals we look up to as examples of how to behave in the performance of a role

Question 18

Reference group

Answer 18

Collection of people that are used as a standard of comparison for oneself

Question 19

Significant other

Answer 19

We have some degree of special knowledge about them and pay special attention to their thoughts, emotions, or expectation

Question 20

Generalized other

Answer 20

Refers to an abstract social position and the role that comes with it

Question 21

Self-efficacy

Answer 21

One’s conception of one’s own abilities

Question 22

Self-concept

Answer 22

An all-encompassing therm that includes one’s self-image and self-esteem

Question 23

Self-esteem

Answer 23

One’s own value

Question 24

Self-image

Answer 24

Mental picture of one’s own appearance

Question 25

Erickson's pyschosocial theory of development

Answer 25

Early adulthood most individuals pass through a period of conflict between intimacy and isolation

Question 26

Freud's pysexual theory of development

Answer 26

Childhood effects on adulthood

Question 27

Emic approach

Answer 27

The interpretations of situations by the individuals under study as a matter of fact

Question 28

Mysophobia

Answer 28

A condition where specific, repetitive sounds trigger strong negative emotional and physical reactions - positive symptom

Question 29

Stimming behavior

Answer 29

Repetitive actions or sounds that individuals engage in, often for self-soothing, sensory regulation, or to cope with emotions - positive symptoms

Question 30

Parasomnia

Answer 30

A group of sleep disorders characterized by unwanted experiences or behaviors during sleep or sleep-wake transitions - positive symptoms

Question 31

Anhedonia

Answer 31

Inability to feel pleasure - negative symptom

Question 32

Culture of violence

Answer 32

Americans using violence to resolve conflicts

Question 33

Family of cohesion

Answer 33

Solidarity

Question 34

Absolute poverty

Answer 34

Low income level

Question 35

Gender inequality

Answer 35

Unequal treatment based on the perception of individuals and their genders

Question 36

Cultural relativism

Answer 36

An individual's behaviour should be judged based on the culture of that particular person