Chapter 5

Question 1

Cerebral cortex

Answer 1

It plays crucial role in awareness, communication, memory, sensation, understanding, and the initiation of voluntary movements, as well as thought, reasoning, language, and consciousness - divided into 4 lobes

Question 2

Temporal lobe

Answer 2

Olfaction, audition, language and emotion

Question 3

Occipital lobe

Answer 3

Visual information

Question 4

Frontal lobe

Answer 4

Motor control, decision making, and long term memory storage (executive-level function)

Question 5

Parietal lobe

Answer 5

Touch, pain, and temperature processed in the somatosensory cortex

Question 6

Thalamus

Answer 6

The primary sensory relay for everything except smell

Question 7

Limbic system

Answer 7

Emotion, drive, and memory

Question 8

Hippocampus

Answer 8

Part of the limbic system - and is essential for memory formation and recall

Question 9

Amygdala

Answer 9

Part of the limbic system - and is involved in relating emotional meaning to memory

Question 10

Hypothalamus

Answer 10

Part of the limbic system - and is used to regulate the autonomic nervous system

Question 11

Substantia nigra

Answer 11

Plays a crucial role in movement, reward, and cognition - produces dopamine

Question 12

Ventral tegmental area (VTA)

Answer 12

Is used for reward, motivation, and emotional regulation - produces dopamine

Question 13

Medulla

Answer 13

COntrols the autonomic functions like breathing and heart rate

Question 14

Pons

Answer 14

Connects the rest of the brain and regulates sleep

Question 15

Cerebellum

Answer 15

Manages balance, coordination, and procedural memory

Question 16

Bilateral

Answer 16

When there are 2 components - brain hemispheres

Question 17

Corpus callosum

Answer 17

Where the sides of the brain connect

Question 18

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)

Answer 18

Measures brain activity through blood flow

Question 19

Computerized tomography (CT) scans

Answer 19

Uses x-rays to visualize injuries, aneurysms, strokes, or tumors

Question 20

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

Answer 20

Similar to CT scans but uses magnetic fields and radio waves to visualize softer tissues

Question 21

Positron emission tomography (PET)

Answer 21

Scans using mildly radioactive chemicals to monitor flow and metabolic activity

Question 22

Electroencephalogram (EEG)

Answer 22

Measures brain waves as fluctuations in voltages

Question 23

Regulatory genes

Answer 23

Change the expression of other genes in response to the environment

Question 24

Epigenetics

Answer 24

Change the expression of other genes in response to the environment - molecular changes

Question 25

Adaptive value

Answer 25

When genes encode evolutionarily beneficial behaviour

Question 26

Twin study

Answer 26

To determine the contribution of genetics and the environment

Question 27

Monozygotic twins

Answer 27

Identical twins - same genome

Question 28

Dizygotic twins

Answer 28

Share the same amount of genetic material as non-siblings would

Question 29

Nature

Answer 29

Genetic inheritance

Question 30

Adoption studies

Answer 30

Comparing the similarities between an adopted child with the biological and adopted families

Question 30

Nurture

Answer 30

Environmental influence

Question 31

Heritability

Answer 31

The extent that trait variation is caused by genetic variation