P/S > Chapter 4 > Flashcards

Chapter 4 Flashcards

(93 cards)

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1
Q

Universal emotions

A

These are the emotions that are consistent across cultures: ASDFGHJ

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2
Q

Physiological component

A

The bodily response following an emotion

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3
Q

Autonomic nervous system

A

A component of the peripheral nervous system that regulates involuntary physiologic processes including heart rate, blood pressure, respiration, digestion, and sexual arousal

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4
Q

Limbic system

A

A group of interconnected brain structures that help regulate your emotions and behavior includes the amygdala

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5
Q

Amygdala

A

Regulates fear and anger

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6
Q

Hippocampus

A

Regulates emotional memories

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7
Q

Hypothalamus

A

THe center of the limbic systema nd regulates emotions

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8
Q

Prefrontal cortex

A

Controls conscious regulation of emotion

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9
Q

Cognitive component

A

Involves one’s analysis of the significance of the situation causing the emotion

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10
Q

James-Lange theory

A

Emotion is a physiological based response

ex: There is a bear -> sweating -> fear

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11
Q

Cannon-Bard theory

A

Emotions and physiological reaction happen simultaneously

ex: There is a bear -> sweating + fear

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12
Q

Schacter-Singer theory

A

There is a physical arousal which is the cause of the emotion then there is a cognitive appraisal which defines the emotion

ex: There is a bear -> sweating + should I be afraid? -> fear

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13
Q

Personal events

A

Affect a single person

ex: Stubbing your toe or late for work

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14
Q

Cataclysmic events

A

Affect large groups

ex: Earthquake or wars

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15
Q

Acute stress

A

Short term usually beneficial

ex: Running away from a lion or skydiving

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16
Q

Chronic stress

A

Long term, leads to poor health outcomes

ex: Financial stress

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17
Q

Independent stressors

A

Are sources of stress that are independent of one’s actions

ex: Tornado

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18
Q

Dependent stressors

A

Sources of stress that are related to one’s actions

ex: Not studying for a test

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19
Q

Selye’s general adaptation syndrome

A

There is a pattern of responses where stressors are treated similarly

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20
Q

Skin conductance increases

A

When stressors lead to phsyiological responses

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21
Q

Fight or flight

A

Recognizes potential danger

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22
Q

Norepinephrine

A

From the adrenal gland to ilicit a fight or flight response

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23
Q

Noradrenaline

A

Released by the forebrain to ilicit a fight or flight response

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24
Q

Cortisol

A

From the adrenal gland to ilicit a fight or flight response

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25
Exercise and spirituality
Stress management
26
Diathesis-stress model
Whether someone shows symptoms of stress depends on both the biological and environmental stressors
27
Pathological mechanisms
Severely distorts reality and are considered unhealthy coping strategies
28
Denial
Refusing to accept reality despite evidence
29
Immature mechanisms
Mechanisms are common in children and can be problematic when they persist into adulthood
30
Projection
Attributing your unacceptable feelings or thoughts to someone else ex: Accusing your partner of being jealous when you're actually the one feeling jealous
31
Projective identification
When projection leads to the target feeling the projected attributes ex: Accusing your partner of being jealous when you're actually the one feeling jealous and they end up feeling jealous
32
Passive aggression
Indirectly expressing anger ex: Cooking slowly because you are mad at your spouse
33
Neurotic mechanisms
Common in adults may provide short term relief but cause long term problems
34
Intellectualization
Focus on facts and logic and detatch from emotions ex: Have a miscarriage and state the stats for 1st time moms
35
Rationalization
Create a logical justification for unacceptable behaviours ex: Justifying cheating on a partner
36
Regression
Reverting to childlike behaviour when stress ex: An adult throwing a tantrum when they don't get their way
37
Repression
Unconsciously forgetting disturbing thoughts or experiences ex: Unable to recall traumatic childhood events
38
Displacement
Redirecting emotions from their original source to a safer target ex: A person yells at their child after having a fight with their boss
39
Reaction formation
Behaving in the opposite way to how you actually feel ex: A person with prejudice against immigrants volunteers at an immigration center
40
Mature mechanisms
These are healthy adaptive strategies that help manage emotions in constructive ways
41
Sublimation
Channeling negative impulses into constructive activities ex: Taking up boxing to express aggressive urges in a controlled positive manner
42
Altruism
Helping others to feel fulfilled and satisfied ex: Volunteering at a homeless shelter following personal loss to find meaning and purpose
43
Suppression
Consciously setting aside troubling thoughts to process and reflect upon later ex: Putting aside anxiety about a personal issue to focus on work and address it later
44
Humour
Using comedy to express difficult feelings in a socially acceptable way ex: Making jobes about a stressful situation to reduce tension
45
Biological context
Genetics, neural connections, and hormones influence behaviour
46
Verbal
Communication involves language and words
47
Non-verbal
Involves sounds
48
Animal signals
Which includes vocalization
49
Vocalizations
See, touch, and smell
50
Hawthorne effects
The tendency to change your behaviour when you are being watched
51
Teacher expectancy effect
Related to the hawthorne effect where the students performance will rise or fall to meet the teacher's expectations
52
Group think
Foster group harmony by agreeing near entirely despite having different opinions, self-censorship, and overconfidence
53
Group polarization
The attitude of the group becomes more eextreme that the intitial attitude of the group
54
Social facilitation
When others facilitate or optimize individual performance
55
Peer pressure
The influence of individual peers on each other
56
Diffusion of responsibility
In a group an individual is less likely to take responsibility for a task
57
Social loafing
An example of the diffusion of responsibility which occurs when a member of a group decreases the output
58
Deindividuation
Negative consequence of social exposure where people start to lose individual awareness of their identity
59
Bystander effect
People watch a crisis but do nothing to help
60
Fad
A popular phenomenon that dies out quickly ex: Fidget spinners
61
Riots
Violent disturbances by a large group ex: Vandalism or theft
62
Mass hysteria
Large populations get swpet up in untrue rumours ex: Personal reports of people committing crime
63
Role strain
When the same role is experiencing conflicting demands ex: A parent wanting for their kid to be happy and give them eye drops
64
Role conflict
When someone has multiple roles which have different goals ex: You are a boss and your sibling is employed but a poor worker
65
Role exit
Exitting a role and starting a new one
66
Socialization
A process that involves picking up the rules and standards of society through learning and conditioning
67
Behaviour
Culture dependent
68
Social norm
Rules and standards of society
69
Sanctions
Punishment
70
Formal
Norms include laws and have obvious consequences ex: littering
71
Informal
Norms are seldom written and have less obvious consequences for breaking them ex: not shaking an interviewers hand
72
Folkways
Informal norms unrelated to morality and can be smaller scale ex: eating quietly in Western cultures
73
Mores
Norms of morality that can be formal or informal ex: dressing formally at a funeral
74
Agents of socialization
People and social institutions that can influence or modify our behaviour
75
Conformity
The tendency to adapt one's behaviour to suit expected social norms
76
Social control
Behavioural expectations that encourage conformity
77
Obedience
Like conformity is an adaptation of behaviour to suit someone else commanded by an authority figure
78
Deviance
Violating a social norm
79
Stigmatized
Labeleg negatively or devalues by society
80
Differential association theory
Having a reference group and associating with people who display deviance making one more likely to engage in deviant behaviour ex: Having a friend that is a thief and committing thef t
81
Labelling theory
Society can decide whether to label another's actions as deviant pushing someone to act deviant ex: Being labelled as the problem student and causing problems
82
Strain theory
Incongruence between socially acceptable goals and means ex: Needs money for school steals
83
Assimilate
To get accustomed and used to the traditions and values of the new culture
84
Multiculturalism
Coexistance of different cultures in society
85
Melting pot
Where immigrants are encouraged to assimilate
86
Sympathetic nervous system
Fight or flight
87
Parasympathetic nervous system
Rest and digest
88
Lazarus theory
Experience of emotion depends on how the situation is cognitively appraised (labelled)
89
Primary appraisal
Assessing stress in present situation
90
Secondary appraisal
Evaluation of the individual’s ability to cope with the situation
91
Alarm phase
Stress reaction kicks in, heart races, resources mobilized – “Ready for fight or flight”
92
Resistance phase
Fleeing, huddling, temperature elevated, BP high, breathing rate high, body bathed in cortisol
93
Exhaustion phase
If resistance isn’t followed by recovery, our body’s stress resources are depleted, our tissues become damaged and our dampened immunity can make us susceptible to illness

P/S (15 decks)

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