Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Human Anatomy Lecture > Abdomen 1 > Flashcards

Abdomen 1 Flashcards

(92 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

what are the two boundaries of the abdominal cavity

A

diaphragm and pelvic inlet

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what are the two types of digestive system organs

A

ailmentary canal organs and accessory organs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is the alimentary canal and where does it start and stop

A

the GI or digestive tract
starts at the oral cavity and ends at the large intestine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what are the 6 accessory organs and what is their overall function

A

teeth
tongue
salivary glands
liver
galbladder
pancreas
assist in digestion; no direct contact with food except for teeth and tongue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is your fauces

A

space between oral cavity and pharynx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

which portions of your pharynx come into contact with food (normally)

A

oropharynx and laryngopharynx
(don’t want food in the nasopharynx)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what are the 5 functions of the digestive system

A

1.) take food into body and break it down into its basic components
2.) take in water and electrolytes via diet and deliver it to the blood
3.) ingest vitamins (K + B) and minerals (sodium, potassium, iron, etc.)
4.) produce hormones (gastrin, glucagon, secretin)
5.) secrete metabolic wastes (metals and bilirubin)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

define peristalsis

A

rhythmic contractions of smooth muscle of alimentary canal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is excreted in feces (give examples)

A

materials that are not digestable or usable
ex. metabolic wastes like drug molecules, metals, bilirubin, and excess cholesterol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

which areas of the digestive tract use skeletal muscle

A

oral cavity, pharynx, superior portion of esophagus, last portion of large intestine (external anal sphincter)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is skeletal muscle regulated by

A

somatic motor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

which areas of the digestive tract use smooth muscle

A

everything that is not skeletal muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what is smooth muscle regulated by

A

visceral motor (autonomic nervous system)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

motility includes which four actions

A

swallowing, churning, peristalsis, and defication

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is motility regulated by

A

autonomic nervous system
(sympathetic, parasympathetic, enteric, and endocrine system)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

which nerve innervates the sympathetic portion of the autonomic nervous system and what is its function

A

splanchnic nerve
inhibits digestive process

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

which nerve innervates the parasympathetic portion of autonomic nervous system and what is its function

(digestive system)

A

vagus
stimulates digestive processes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

are the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems long or short reflexes

A

long

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

is the enteric nervous system long or short reflexes and why

A

short
reflex pathways are confined to local neruons that extend from the midesophagus to the internal anal sphinter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

how does the enteric nervous system work with the parasympathetic nervous system

A

it receives impulses from the presynaptic parasympathetic neurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

how does the enteric nervous system work with the sympathetic nervous system

A

it recieves impulses from postsynaptic sympathetic neurons (acts as postganglion)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what is the structure of a parasympathetic neuron

A

long preganglionic neruon, short post ganglionic neuron

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what is the structure of a sympathetic neuron

A

short preganglionic neuron, long post ganglionic neuron

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

what are the 7 GI hormones

A

gastrin
glucagon
leptin
secretin
stomatostatin
cholecystokinin
ghrelin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
what are the two types of plexuses within the enteric nervous system
submucosal (meissner's plexus) myenteric (auerbach's plexus)
26
where is the submucosal (meissner's plexus) found
within the submucosa
27
where is the myenteric (auerbach's plexus) found
between circular and longitudinal muscle layers of the muscularis propria
28
what is the largest serous membrane in the body
peritoneal membrane
29
which organs are retroperitoneal (only partially covered with peritoneum)
suprarenal (adrenal glands) aorta & IVC duodenum (2nd-4th parts) pancreas ureters colon (descending/ascending) kidneys esophagus (thoracic) rectum
30
what is the mesentery and what is its function
double layer of visceral peritoneum **supports and binds some organs together keeps small intestine in a shape that fits in the abdominopelvic cavity anchors the blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatic vessels supplying it**
31
what is the mesentery proper
mesentery of the small intestine
32
what is the transverse mesocolon
mesentery attached to transverse colon
33
what is sigmoid mesocolon
mesentery attached to sigmoid colon
34
what is the name of the mesentery attached to the appendix
mesoappendix
35
what is the omentum
double layer of visceral peritoneum
36
what is the greater omentum
four layers of folded visceral peritoneum extends from greater curvature of stomach and duodenum into pelvis, then folds back to attach to the transverse colon supplied by R/L gastro-omental arteries
37
which omentum, greater or lesser, is taken out with ovarian cancer
greater omentum
38
what is the lesser omentum
double-folded layer of peritoneum extends from lesser curvature of the stomach to the liver **contains the portal triad**
39
what is the falciform ligament and what is its function
double-layer of periotneum between the two lobes of the liver **connects the liver to the anterior abdominal wall**
40
what is the coronary ligament and what is its function
double layer of peritoneum running along the top of the liver **connects the superior portion of the liver to the diaphragm**
41
what is the triangular ligament and what is its function
double layer of peritoneum found near the ends of the coronary ligaments **attaches the lobes of the liver to the diaphragm**
42
what is the ligamentum venosum and what is its function
double layer of peritoneum which is found on the posterior side of the liver **remnant of the ductus venosum**
43
what does the ductus venosus do in a fetus
shunt blood away from the liver
44
what is the ligamentum teres and what is its function
double layer of peritoneum found at the bottom of the falciform ligament **remnant of the umbilical vein**
45
what does the umbilical vein do in a fetus
carries oxygenated blood from the placenta to the fetus
46
what is the hepatogastric ligament and what is its function
double layer of peritoneum found **connects the stomach to the liver**
47
what is the hepatoduodenal ligament and what is its function
double layer of peritoneum **connects the duodenum to the liver**
48
what is the gastrosplenic ligament and what is its function
double layer of peritoneum **connects the stomach to the spleen**
49
what is the splenorenal (lienorenal) ligament and what is its function
double layer of peritoneum **connects spleen to kidneys**
50
what do the heptaogastric and hepatoduodenal ligaments make up
the lesser omentum
51
what is the peritoneal fold
raised reflection of peritoneum raised due to blood vessels, ducts, and ligaments
52
what is the medial umbilical ligament and what is its function
found within the medial umbilical fold **remnant of umbilical arteries**
53
which peritoneal folds house the inferior epigastric vessels
lateral umbilical fold
54
what are the two compartments of the greater sac
supracolic and infracolic compartment
55
what is the greater sac
cavity of abdomen that is inside the peritoneum but outside the lesser sac
56
where would you find the infracolic spaces (paramesenteric gutters) of the greater sac
space within the circle/square of the large intestine **posterior to greater omentum**
57
where would you find the paracolic gutters (grooves) and what do they do
between lateral aspect of ascending and descending colon and the posteriolateral abdominal wall **allow the supracolic and infracolic spaces to communicate**
58
where would you find the supracolic spaces of the greater sac
above transverse colon
59
what is the peritoneal recess and what is it made of
pouch of peritoneum that is formed by a peritoneal fold **made of the supracolic/infracolic spaces and the paracolic gutters**
60
what is the subphrenic recess
potential spaces in the supracolic compartment (above the transverse colon)
61
what is the paravertebral gutter
spaces at the most posterior part of the abdominal cavity on either side of the vertebral column **back muscles like within this area**
62
what is the lesser peritoneal sac (omental bursa) and what is its function
posterior to the stomach and lesser omentum **allows free movement of the stomach and communicates with greater sac**
63
what is the omental foramen (epiploic foramen/foramen of winslow) and what is its function
opening to the lesser peritoneal sac **allows communcation between the greater and lesser sac**
64
what is ascites
build up of clean fluid in the peritoneal cavity can be caused by liver issues, cancer, starvation, ulcers, etc. **found in paracolic gutters, paraverterbal gutters, rectouterine pouch, or rectovesical pouch**
65
what is peritonitis
infection in the peritoneal cavity **induces abdominal wall guarding and splinting** usually caused by perforated bowl
66
what is abdominal guarding and what is its function
involuntary spasm of anterolateral wall muscles to harden them **protects abdominal viscera from pressure and irritation usually sign of infection**
67
what is abdominal splinting
voluntary tensing of abdominal muscles to protect underlying inflamed structures ex. tensing before you cough so it doesn't hurt
68
what are the boundaries of the anterolateral abdominal wall
superiorly: ribs 7-10th and xiphoid process inferiorly: inguinal ligament and superior margin of pelvic girdle
69
what is camper's fascia
fatty layer over scarpa's fascia
70
what is scarpa's fascia
fascia layer lying on top of the muscle in your inguinal region
71
what is the transveralis fascia
fascia posterior to the transverse abdominis
72
what is found inferior to the acruate line
transversalis fascia
73
where is the acruate line
found posterior to the rectus abdominis
74
what is the linea alba
line down the midline of the abdomen that has no muscle fibers
75
what are some things that make up the posterior abdominal wall
lumbar plexus (anterior rami) L1-L5 thoracolumbar fascia
76
what are the five muscles of the posterior abdominal wall
psoas major iliacus transversus abdominis internal obliques external obliques
77
where do the psoas major and iliacus musucles change name to the iliopsoas
under inguinal ligament
78
where does the proximal end of the psoas major insert
lumbar tranverse processes and sides of T12-L5
79
where does the distal end of the psoas major insert
lesser trochanter of femur
80
where does the esophagus go through the diaphragm
esophageal hiatus along with the vagus nerve
81
what is the convex curve of the stomach
greater curvature
82
what is the concave curve of the stomach
lesser curvature
83
what does the cardia of the stomach do
recieves bolus when lower esophageal sphincter relaxes
84
what does the fundus of the stomach do
stores undigested food and gases
85
what does the body of the stomach have
gastric glands
86
what does the pylroic antrum of the stomach do
mixes food and releases hormones
87
what does the pylroic canal of the stomach do
mixes/grinds food
88
what does the pyloric sphincter do
controls flow of ingested food between stomach and small intestine
89
what do the rugae (gastric folds) of the stomach do
allows the stomach to expand and absorbs 20% of alcohol
90
what are the three layers of the muscularis externa of the stomach
outer longitudinal layer middle circular layer inner oblique layer
91
what is hypertrophic pyloric stensosis
congenital disorder that causes **thickning of the pyloric sphincter stops food from being able to leave stomach** seen mostly in children up to a year treated by cutting the muscle
92
what are peptic ulcers
most frequent in esophagus, antrum, and duodenum caused by helicobacter pylori bacteria or NSAIDS

Human Anatomy Lecture (18 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions