Lung & Lymphatic Flashcards
(166 cards)
1
Q
1.)
A
thoracic inlet
2
Q
2.)
A
thoracic outlet
3
Q
3.)
A
true ribs
4
Q
4.)
A
false ribs
5
Q
5.)
A
floating ribs
6
Q
6.)
A
intercostal spaces
7
Q
7.)
A
costal cartilage
8
Q
8.)
A
costal arch
9
Q
what is found in ribs and what is its purpose
A
hematopoietic tissue that can make red blood cells
10
Q
which are your true ribs
A
1-7
11
Q
which are your false ribs
A
8-10 (do not attach directly to sternum)
12
Q
which are your floating ribs
A
11+12 (no cartilage)
13
Q
what is the purpose of intercostal spaces and costal cartilage
A
to allow your ribcage flexibility when your breath
14
Q
how do you name a rib space
A
the space is named for the rib it is below
ex. rib space 2 is below rib 2
15
Q
which are your typical ribs
A
3-9
16
Q
what is a demifacet and where are they found
A
shallow depressions on the vertebrae that articulate with the facets of the ribs
17
Q
what is the purpose of the tubercle of a rib
A
has a facet that articulates with the transverse facet of the vertebrae
18
Q
1.)
A
neck
19
Q
2.)
A
head
20
Q
3.)
A
superior articular facet
21
Q
4.)
A
inferior articular facet
22
Q
5.)
A
tubercle
23
Q
6.)
A
articular facet of transverse process
24
Q
7.)
A
angle of rib
25
8.)
costal groove
26
9.)
shaft
27
which are your atypical ribs
1st, 2nd, and 10th-12th
28
what are the atypical features of your 1st rib
broad, short, sharply curved, and single facet
29
what are the atypical features of your 2nd rib
thinner, less curved, longer than first rib, two facets, and a rough area
30
what is the atypical feature of ribs 10-12
one facet (only articulates with one vertebra)
31
what are the atypical features of ribs 11 and 12
short with no neck or tubercle
32
1.)
1st rib
33
2.)
2nd rib
34
3.)
11th rib
35
4.)
12th rib
36
what is gorilla rib
extra pair of floating ribs
37
what is thoracic outlet syndrome
when blood vessels and nerves are compressed between the clavicle and first rib
can be caused by trauma, pregnancy, or extra ribs
presents with pain, weakness, and coldness in fingers
38
explain separation of rib
separation costochondral junction (area where rib meets cartilage)
typically occurs between ribs 3-10
ribs move upward
39
explain dislocation of rib
dislocation of a costal cartilage from interchondral joints (where cartilage meets sternum)
typically occurs between ribs 8-10
occurs in body contact sports
40
which rib cartilages attach to the manubrium
1st rib and half of 2nd ribs cartilage
41
what rib cartilage attaches to the sternal angle
cartilage of 2nd rib
42
what rib cartilage attaches to the body of the sternum
cartilage of ribs 3-7
43
what attaches to the xiphoid process
abdominal muscles
44
1.)
suprasternal notch
45
2.)
manubrium
46
3.)
sternal angle (angle of Louis)
47
4.)
body of sternum
48
5.)
xiphoid process
49
6.)
clavicular notch
50
what is pectus excavatum
breastbone is sunken into chest due to halves of sternum not fusing properly
can be corrected if done early enough
51
what is pectus carinatum
breastbone projects because halves of sternum don't fuse properly
can be correct if done early enough
52
what nerve innervates the diaphragm
phrenic nerve
53
what do you use for inspiration
diaphragm (phrenic nerve), external intercostals, and right and left crura
54
what muscles do we used for forceful expiration
internal intercostals
rectus abdominis
external obliques
internal obliques
55
1.)
right and left crura
56
3.)
external intercostals (more lateral; fibers run towards sternum)
57
2.)
internal intercostals (more medial; fibers run from sternum)
58
1.)
internal obliques
59
2.)
external obliques
60
3.)
rectus abdominis
61
what is the arterial flow for the posterior intercostal arteries
ascending aorta, aortic arch, descending aorta, posterior intercostal arteries
62
what is the posterior intercostal venous flow for rib 1
posterior intercostal vein, brachiocephalic vein, superior vena cava
63
what is the posterior intercostal venous flow for the right ribs 2,3, and sometimes 4
posterior intercostal vein, superior intercostal vein, azygos vein, and superior vena cava
64
what is the posterior intercostal venous flow for the left ribs 2,3, and sometimes 4
posterior intercostal vein, superior intercostal vein, brachiocephalic vein, and superior vena cava
65
what is the posterior intercostal venous flow for the right ribs 5-11 and sometimes 4
posterior intercostal vein, azygos vein, and superior vena cava
66
what is the posterior intercostal venous flow for the left ribs 5-8 and sometimes 4
posterior intercostal vein, accessory hemi-azygos vein, azygos vein, and superior vena cava
67
what is the posterior intercostal venous flow for the left ribs 9-11
posterior intercostal vein, hemi-azygos vein, azygos vein, and superior vena cava
68
what is the arterial flow for the anterior intercostal arteries
ascending aorta, right brachiocephalic artery, subclavian artery, internal thoracic artery, and anterior intercostal artery
69
what is the venous flow for the anterior intercostal veins
anterior intercostal vein, internal thoracic vein, brachiocephlic vein, and superior vena cava
70
how do neuromuscular bundles run across ribs
they run underneath veins along the costal groove
vein is closest to rib, then artery, and finally nerve (up and down)
71
what is the artery and vein that supplies the lung tissue
bronchial arteries: stem from descending thoracic aorta and posterior intercostal arteries
bronchial veins: left stems from SVC and drains into azygos; right stems and drains into accessory hemi-zygos
72
what are some features of the bronchial artery
comes from the thoracic aorta
carries oxygenated blood
high pressure to help keep bronchi alive
73
what are some features of the bronchial vein
right vein drains into azygos vein
left vein drains into accessory hemi-azygos vein
74
what is the pulmonary circuit for
vessels for gas exchange which happens in the lungs
75
what do pulmonary arteries do
low pressure and resistance arteries that carry deoxygenated blood
76
what do pulmonary veins do
carry oxygenated blood to the left atrium
77
1.)
superior posterior intercostal artery
78
2.)
posterior intercostal vein
79
3.)
brachiocephalic vien
80
4.)
azygos vein
81
5.)
superior vena cava
82
6.)
accessory hemi-azygos vein
83
7.)
hemi-azygos vein
84
8.)
internal thoracic artery
85
9.)
anterior intercostal artery
86
10.)
posterior intercostal artery
87
11.)
anterior intercostal artery
88
12.)
internal thoracic artery
89
13.)
bronchial veins
90
14.)
bronchial arteries
91
1.)
superior intercostal vein
92
2.)
azygos vein
93
3.)
accessory hemi-azygos vein
94
4.)
hemi-azygos vein
95
what is a pulmonary embolus
obstruction of pulmonary artery by blood clot
causes respiratory distress and can cause death
96
in what layer of skin are the mammary glands
hypodermis
97
what do suspensory ligaments do
attach mammary glands to dermis of skin and deep fascia
98
what is the space behind the mammary glands
retromammary space
99
what do lactiferous ducts do
open into the nipple
give rise to buds that develop into lobes
100
what is the lactiferous sinus
dilation portion deep to areola where milk accumulates during nursing
101
what are the cells of the mammary alveoli and what do they do
myoepithelial cells
propel milk towards nipple
102
what is the pathway of milk - deep to superficial
alveoli, mammary ducts, lactiferous ducts, lactiferous sinus, and nipple
103
1.)
suspensory ligaments
104
2.)
lactiferous ducts
105
3.)
lactiferous sinus
106
4.)
lobe
107
what is not present in the breast of a non-lactating woman
alveoli or lobes
108
where does lymph drain within the breast
subareolar lymphatic plexus
109
what drains the lymph of the superior lateral quadrant and center of breast
axillary nodes
110
what drains the lymph of the medial breast quadrant
parasternal node (internal mammary node)
111
what drains the lymph of the inferior breast quadrant
abdominal nodes (umbilical nodes)
112
what is the medial artery flow of the breast
medial mammary artery, internal thoracic artery, and subclavian artery
113
what is the lateral artery flow of the breast
lateral mammary branches, lateral cutaneous mammary branches, posterior intercostal artery, and thoracic artery
or
lateral mammary arteries, lateral thoracic artery, and axillary artery
114
what is the lateral vein flow of the breast
laterally mammary vein, lateral thoracic vein, and axillary vein
115
1.)
internal thoracic vein
116
2.)
lateral thoracic vein
117
3.)
lateral thoracic artery
118
4.)
anterior intercostal artery
119
5.)
internal thoracic artery
120
6.)
perforating branch
121
7.)
internal thoracic artery
122
what is considered your upper respiratory tract
nasal cavity to larynx
123
what is considered your lower respiratory tract
trachea to alveoli
124
what is the conducting zone and what does it do
everything that doesn't include gas exchange - nose to terminal bronchioles
breathing in air where it will be filtered, warmed, and moistened
125
what is the respiratory zone and what does it do
where gas exchange occurs in the respiratory bronchioles and alveoli
126
trachea
found below larynx to mediastinum
has C-shaped cartilage
carina at the end where it splits into bronchioles
127
what is the path of air once it reaches the carina of the trachea
primary bronchus, secondary bronchus, tertiary bronchus, conducting bronchioles, terminal bronchioles, respiratory bronchiole, alveolar ducts, and alveolar sacks of alveoli
128
what is the difference between the left and right primary bronchus
right: wider, shorter, and straighter
left: narrow, longer, more horizontal, and passes under aortic arch
129
how many secondary branches do you have on each side of the bronchial trees
right: 3
left: 2
130
features of the bronchioles
very small
no cartilage but lots of smooth muscles
131
what is aspiration pneumonitis (mendelson's syndrome)
chemical injury from inhaling sterile gastric contents
can happen during pregnancy and surgery
132
what is aspiration pneumonia
infection from inhaling something from your nose or mouth
ex. food or liquids
133
1.)
bronchial artery
134
2.)
pulmonary artery
135
3.)
pulmonary vein
136
5.)
primary bronchus
137
6.)
pulmonary ligament
138
what is a lobar bronchus
another word for secondary bronchus
supplies lobe of lung
139
what is the average weight of a lung
400 grams
140
what is a segmental bronchi
another word for tertiary bronchi
141
1.)
apical
142
2.)
posterior
143
3.)
anterior
144
4.)
lateral
145
5.)
medial
146
6.)
superior lingular (left lung)
147
7.)
inferior lingular (left lung)
148
8.)
superior
149
9.)
anterior basal
150
10.)
medial basal
151
11.)
lateral basal
152
12.)
posterior basal
153
what makes up a functional unit of a bronchopulmonary segment
pulmonary artery and vein, bronchial artery, and bronchiole
154
what is a tension pneumothorax
when air accumulates between the two pleural layers of the lung
causes the lung to collapse
needle inserted into 2nd intercostal space in the midlclavicular line
155
what are parts of a lymph node
capsule
outer cortex
inner medulla
lots of reticular fibers
immune cells like macrophages, lymphocytes, and dendritic cells
156
where does lymph flow into lymph node
afferent lymphatic vessels
157
where does lymph flow from lymph node
efferent lymphatic vessels
158
what is the flow of lymphatic drainage of respiratory system
intrapulmonary, hilar, carinal, superior tracheobroncial, paratracheal
159
what is lymphedema
accumulation of excess interstitial fluid in interstitial space
can be causes by parasites or tumors
160
how much does the thymus weigh
14-25 grams
161
primary functions of thymus
generates population of functional T cells that protects body from pathogens
secretes hormones
162
what is a sliding hiatal hernia
cardia and fundus of stomach slide through diaphragm
163
what is a paraesophageal hiatal hernia
pouch of fundus comes through diaphragm
164
what is GERD
acid from stomach goes into esophagus chronically
can cause esophageal cancer if left untreated for a long time
can be caused by things like obesity and hiatal hernias
165
what is Barret's esophagus
can lead to cancer
area can change from white to red/pink
166
what are esophageal varices
swollen veins of the esophagus that can rupture and cause an upper GI bleed
can be caused by portal hypertension
