Lower Limb Flashcards
(131 cards)
1
Q
purpose of ligament femoris
A
provides nutrients through blood vessels to femoral head
2
Q
1.)
A
fovea capitis
3
Q
2.)
A
ligamentum femoris
4
Q
1.)
A
neck
5
Q
2.)
A
lesser trochanter
6
Q
3.)
A
greater trochanter
7
Q
4.)
A
intercondylar fossa
8
Q
5.)
A
lateral epicondyle
9
Q
6.)
A
medial epicondyle
10
Q
7.)
A
medial condyle
11
Q
8.)
A
base of patella
12
Q
9.)
A
apex of patella
13
Q
9.) (on femur)
A
lateral condyle
14
Q
explain an intracapsular fracture
A
fracture of femoral neck
3 types: subcapital, transcervical, and baiscervical
15
Q
subcapital fracture
A
fracture immediately below femoral head
16
Q
transcervical fracture
A
fracture across mid-femoral neck
17
Q
basicervical fracture
A
fracture across base of the femoral neck
18
Q
1.)
A
medial condyle
19
Q
2.)
A
lateral condyle
20
Q
3.)
A
articular surface
21
Q
4.)
A
intercondylar eminence
22
Q
5.)
A
tibial tuberosity
23
Q
6.)
A
anterior crest or shin
24
Q
7.)
A
medial malleolus
25
8.)
head of fibula
26
9.)
lateral malleolus
27
what type of joint is the knee joint
synovial hinge joint
28
what are three things a synovial joint has
articular or joint capsule
synovial fluid
articular cartilage
29
what makes up the femorotibial joint
femoral and tibial condyles
30
what makes up the femoropatellar joint
posterior surface of patella and anterior surface of femur
held together by patella ligament
31
function of tibial collateral ligament (medial collateral)
connects femur, medial meniscus, and tibia
provides medial joint stabilization and prevents tibia from shifting too far laterally on the femur
32
function of fibular collateral ligament (lateral collateral)
connects femur to the fibula
prevents tibia from moving too far medially on the femur
33
function of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)
inserts on the anterior side of tibia and posterior aspect of the femur
prevents hyperextension and tibia from moving too far anteriorly
34
function of posterior cruciate ligament (PCL)
inserts on the posterior side of tibia and anterior aspect of femur
prevents tibia from displacing posteriorly
35
1.)
fibular collateral ligament
36
2.)
lateral meniscus
37
3.)
posterior cruciate ligament
38
4.)
anterior cruciate ligament
39
5.)
medial meniscus
40
6.)
tibial collateral ligament
41
what is the result of a lateral blow to the knee
rupture of the tibial collateral ligament, medical meniscus, and anterior cruciate ligament (unhappy traid)
diagnosed using the Lachman test anterior drawer sign
treated with rest, ice, compression, and anti-inflammatories
42
1.)
lateral cuneiform
43
2.)
intermediate cuneiform
44
3.)
medial cuneiform
45
4.)
cuboid
46
5.)
navicular
47
6.)
talus
48
7.)
calcaneus
49
8.)
sesamoid bones
50
9.)
hallux
51
10.)
head
52
11.)
shaft
53
12.)
base
54
bunion toe
foot deformity caused by misaligned joint between the hallux and metatarsal
most common in females and usually inherited
55
fascia lata
deep facia of thigh surrounding everything except IT band
56
the 2 anterior muscles that flex thigh at hip
iliopsoas and sartorius
57
the 4 anterior muscles and 1 tendon that extend the leg at knee
quads: rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, and vastus intermedius
rectus femoris tendon
58
the 2 medial thigh muscles that adduct the thigh
adductor magnus and gracilis
59
the 2 posterior pelvis muscles (gluteal muscles) that extend, abduct, and rotate thigh
gluteus maximus and gluteus medius
60
the 3 posterior thigh muscles that flex the leg at the knee
biceps femoris, semitendinosus, and semimembranosus
61
1.)
iliopsoas
62
2.)
sartorius
63
3.)
rectus femoris
64
4.)
vastus lateralis
65
5.)
vastus medialis
66
6.)
gracilis
67
7.)
adductor magnus
68
8.)
tendon of quadriceps femoris
69
9.)
vastus intermedius
70
the 2 main anterior leg muscles that dorsiflex foot at ankle
tibialis anterior and extensor digitorum longus
71
the 2 muscles that plantar flex the foot at the ankle
triceps surae group: soleus and gastrocnemius
72
1 lateral leg muscle that allows for eversion of the foot
fibularis (peroneus) longus
73
2 lateral/posterior leg muscles that allow for inversion of the foot
tibialis posterior and tibialis anterior
74
1.)
tibialis anterior
75
2.)
extensor digitorum longus
76
3.)
fibularis longus
77
4.)
tibialis posterior
78
features of intragluteal injections
the thick and large muscles that are the gluteus maximus and medius allow for substantial volume of absorption by intramuscular veins
safe injection sites include the suprolateral quadrant and the anterolateral part of thigh
79
features of hammer toe
foot deformity of the proximal dorsiflexed phalanx and middle plantarflexed phalanx
usually on second digit
causes weakness of lumbrical and interosseous muscles
80
1.)
illiohypogastric nerve; L1
81
2.)
illioinguinal nerve; L1
82
3.)
genitofemoral nerve; L1-L2
83
4.)
femoral nerve; L2-L4 posterior division
84
5.)
lateral femoral cutaneous nerve; L2-L3
85
6.)
obturator nerve; L2-L4 anterior division
86
what structures does the femoral nerve innervate
motor to the quadriceps femoris, iliopsoas, and sartorius muscles
sensory to the anterior thigh, medial thigh, medial leg, and foot
87
what structures does the obturator nerve innervate
motor to the thigh adductors and gracilis muscle
sensory to the superomedial thigh
88
1.)
superior gluteal nerve; L4-S1
89
2.)
inferior gluteal nerve; L5-S2
90
3.)
pudendal nerve; L4-S3
91
4.)
posterior femoral cutaneous nerve; S2-S4
92
5.)
sciatic nerve; S1-S3
93
6.)
common fibular nerve; L4-S2
94
1.)
superficial fibular nerve
95
2.)
deep fibular nerve
96
3.)
sural nerve
97
4.)
saphenous vein
98
features of injury to superior gluteal nerve
can be caused by injury of the nerve, fracture of greater trochanter, and dislocation of the hip
causes motor loss and disables gluteus medius causing a limp (trendelenburg gait)
99
femoral artery
continuation of external iliac artery
serves lower leg
changes name when crossing inguinal ligament
100
deep femoral artery (profound femoris artery)
branch of femoral artery
supplies structures of hip joint, femur, and many anterior thigh muscles
101
popliteal artery
continuation of femoral artery, changes name in the popliteal fossa
supplies knee joint
changes name when crossing adductor hiatus
102
anterior tibial artery
lateral branch of the popliteal artery
supplies structures of anterior leg
becomes dorsalis pedis artery as it crosses ankle joint and enters foot
103
posterior tibial artery
medial branch of the popliteal artery
supplies posterior and lateral structures of the leg
has a fibular artery branch
splits into medial and lateral plantar arteries at foot
104
1.)
profunda femoris artery
105
2.)
femoral artery
106
3.)
popliteal artery
107
4.)
anterior tibial artery
108
5.)
posterior tibial artery
109
6.)
dorsalis pedis artery
110
7.)
fibular artery
111
8.)
medial plantar artery
112
9.)
lateral plantar artery
113
great saphenous vein
located in the superficial medial leg and thigh
empties into the femoral vein
114
small saphenous vein
lateral to great saphenous vein
empties into popliteal vein
115
two main components of lymphatic system
lymphatic vessels and lymphatic tissue and organs
116
3 main functions of the lymphatic system
regulation of interstitial fluid volume
absorption of dietary fats
immune functions
117
features of the regulation of interstitial fluid volume performed by the lymphatic system
higher hydrostatic pressure in the arteriole end of a capillary so fluid is lost to the interstitial fluid
higher osmosis pressure in the venue end of a capillary so fluid some fluid lost is drawn back into the blood
overall net filtration pressure is 6 mm Hg outward
lymphatic vessels pick up excess fluid (lymph) and deliver it back to cardiovascular system
118
features of the absorption of dietary fats performed by the lymphatic system
large fat molecules go into lymphatic vessels (lacteals) in the small intestines
travel through these vessels then eventually delivered to the blood with lymph
119
features of the immune functions performed by the lymphatic system
lymphoid organs filter pathogens from lymph and blood
house leukocytes
120
what are the 9 lymph trunks
2 lumbar trunks, 2 jugular trunks, 1 intestinal trunk, 2 bronchomediastinal trunks, and 2 subclavian trunks
121
lumbar trunks
receive lymph form lover limbs and pelvic area
122
jugular trunks
receive lymph from head and neck
123
intestinal trunk
receives fat-containing lymph from small lymphatic vessels in the small intestine
124
bronchomediastinal trunks
receive lymph from thoracic cavity
125
subclavian trunks
receive lymph from upper limbs
126
cisterna chyli
where the intestinal and lumbar trunks drain into
127
thoracic duct
drains from the cistern chili and trunks from left side of the body
largest lymphatic duct
interjects into the left internal jugular and the left subclavian veins
128
right lymphatic duct
drains upper right side of body
drains into junction of right internal jugular and right subclavian veins
129
blind-ended feature of lymphatic capillaries
makes lymphatic vasculature a one way system that only moves lymph away from the tissues
cells have flaps that open with an increase in interstitial fluid pressure and close with decrease in interstitial fluid pressure
makes it easier for pathogens to enter lymphatic capillaries
130
lymph nodes
limit spread of pathogens through the body by acting like filters to trap pathogens
clumps of these found in the axillary, cerivcal, inguinal, and mesenteric regions
131
7.)
tibial nerve; L4-S3
