Heart

Question 1

what tissue is the superior third of the esophagus made of

Answer 1

skeletal muscle

Question 2

what tissue is the middle third of the esophagus made of

Answer 2

skeletal and smooth muscle

Question 3

what tissue is the inferior third of the esophagus made of

Answer 3

smooth muscle

Question 4

what is the cervical constriction of the esophagus

Answer 4

where esophagus begins at C6

Question 5

what is somatic sensory

Answer 5

sensory neurons carry signals from muscles, bones, joints, etc to the brain

Question 6

what is somatic motor

Answer 6

motor neurons carry signals from brain to skeletal muscle

Question 7

what is visceral sensory

Answer 7

sensory neurons carry signals from viscera to brain

Question 8

what is visceral motor

Answer 8

sympathetic and parasympathetic neurons carry signals to viscera from brain

Question 9

what is the difference between a sympathetic and parasympathetic ganglion

Answer 9

sympathetic: short preganglionic neurons and long post ganglionic neurons
parasympathetic: long preganglionic neurons and short postganglionic neurons

Question 10

what is the intercostal nerve and what does it do

Answer 10

mixed nerve running from T1-T11
supplies the costal pleura outer part of diaphragmatic pleura

Question 11

what do the upper intercostal nerves supply

Answer 11

nearby intercostal muscles

Question 12

what do the lower intercostal nerves supply

Answer 12

intercostal muscles and abdominal muscles

Question 13

what is a communicant rami

Answer 13

bridge coming off spinal cord that connects to the sympathetic chain ganglion (sympathetic trunk)

Question 14

what do the cardiopulmonary splanchnic nerves innervate

Answer 14

heart, aorta, lungs, and esophagus

Question 15

what does the greater splanchnic nerve innervate

Answer 15

abdominopelvic organs

Question 16

what does the vagus nerve supply

Answer 16

mixed nerve that supplies parasymphatic fibers to heart, lungs, trachea, bronchi, and abdomen
also gives rides to L and R recurrent laryngeal

Question 17

what is Lou Gehrig’s disease (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)

Answer 17

progressive degeneration of motor neurons which causes loss of muscle control
usually kills patients went the diaphragm looses function

Question 18

how much does the heart weigh

Answer 18

250 to 300 grams

Question 19

the heart produces atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), what does it do

Answer 19

releases this during high pressure to help lower the blood pressure

Question 20

what is the systemic circuit

Answer 20

the left side of the heart that propels blood to the whole body

Question 21

what are pulmonary arteries carrying

Answer 21

deoxygenated blood to the lungs

Question 22

what are the pulmonary veins carrying

Answer 22

oxygenated blood to the heart

Question 23

what are the systemic arteries carrying

Answer 23

oxygenated blood to the body tissues

Question 24

what are the two layers of the pericardium

Answer 24

fibrous and serous pericardium

Question 25

what is the fibrous pericardium

Answer 25

outer later attached to surrounding structures made of collagen bundles won't change shape so keeps heart from overfilling

Question 26

what is the serous pericardium

Answer 26

thin inner layer produces serous fluid made up of the parietal and visceral pleura

Question 27

what is another name for the visceral pleura of the heart

Answer 27

epicardium

Question 28

what is your transverse sinus

Answer 28

small cavity behind the aorta and pulmonary trunk surgeons use this to know where to clamp during surgery of the heart

Question 29

what is the endocardium

Answer 29

innermost layer of heart made of simple squamous epithelium called endothelium

Question 30

what is the fibrous skeleton

Answer 30

made of dense irregular collagenous connective tissue surrounded by myocytes and gives them something to pull onto when they contract supports

Question 31

what type of heart do most people have

Answer 31

right dominant

Question 32

what is the thebesian valve

Answer 32

fold in the right atrium at the beginning of the coronary sinus

Question 33

1.)

Answer 33

right coronary artery

Question 34

2.)

Answer 34

right marginal artery

Question 35

3.)

Answer 35

left circumflex artery

Question 36

4.)

Answer 36

left coronary artery

Question 37

5.)

Answer 37

great cardiac vein

Question 38

6.)

Answer 38

anterior interventricular artery

Question 39

7.)

Answer 39

posterior interventricular artery

Question 40

8.)

Answer 40

middle cardiac vein

Question 41

what is the ligamentum arteriosum

Answer 41

ligament attaching left pulmonary artery to aorta remnant of ductus arteriosus

Question 42

what is the right auricle

Answer 42

muscular pouch on the right atrium that adds room

Question 43

what is the sinus venarum

Answer 43

smooth area between vena cavas

Question 44

what are pectinate muscles

Answer 44

rough, muscular ridges on anterior wall

Question 45

what is the crista terminalis

Answer 45

vertical ridge that separates sinus venarum and pectinate muscles of right atrium

Question 46

what is the fossa ovalis

Answer 46

remnant of foramen ovale

Question 47

how thick is the right ventricle

Answer 47

0.5 cm

Question 48

what do papillary muscles do

Answer 48

creates tension on cords to keep them closed during systole

Question 49

what do chordae tendinae do

Answer 49

attach to valves

Question 50

how thick is the left ventricle

Answer 50

2.5 cm

Question 51

what is the circumference of the tricuspid valve

Answer 51

12 cm

Question 52

what is the circumference of the bicuspid valve

Answer 52

10 cm

Question 53

what do the semilunar valves do

Answer 53

prevent blood from back flowing into the ventricles

Question 54

what is the circumference of the semilunar pulmonary valve

Answer 54

8.5 cm

Question 55

what is the circumference of the semilunar aortic valve

Answer 55

7.5 cm

Question 56

what is the fetal flow of blood

Answer 56

umbilical vein, ductus venous, foramen ovale, ductus arteriosus, body, back to placenta

Question 57

what are the 3 parts of the purkinje fiber system

Answer 57

atrioventricular bundle, right and left bundle branches, and terminal branches