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Human Anatomy Lecture > Overview and Back > Flashcards

Overview and Back Flashcards

1
Q

systemic anatomy

A

examines human body by looking at individual organ systems

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2
Q

integumentary system: what it’s made of and functions

A

hair, skin, and nails
protection
produces vitamin D
retains water
regulates body temperature

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3
Q

skeletal system: what it’s made of and functions

A

bones and joints
supports the body
protects internal organs
provides leverage for movement
produces blood cells
stores calcium salts

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4
Q

muscular system: what it’s made of and functions

A

skeletal muscles
produces movement
controls body openings
generates heat

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5
Q

nervous system: what it’s made of and functions

A

brain, spinal cord, and nerves
regulates body functions
provides for sensation, movement, automatic functions, and higher mental functions via nerve impulses

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6
Q

endocrine system: what it’s made of and functions

A

pineal gland, hypothalamus, pituitary gland, thyroid gland, thymus gland, adrenal glands, pancreas, testes, and ovaries
regulates the functions of muscles, glands, and other tissues through secretions of hormones

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7
Q

cardiovascular system: what it’s made of and functions

A

blood vessels and heart
pumps and delivers oxygen-poor blood to the lungs and oxygen-rich blood to the tissues
removes wastes from the tissues
transports cells, nutrients, and other substances

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8
Q

lymphatic system: what it’s made of and functions

A

tonsils, lymph nodes, thymus, spleen, and lymphatic vessels
returns excess tissue fluid to the cardiovascular system
provides immunity

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9
Q

respiratory system: what it’s made of and functions

A

nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, and lungs
delivers oxygen to blood
removes carbon dioxide from the body
maintains the acid-base balance of the blood

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10
Q

digestive system: what it’s made of and functions

A

mouth to anus
digests food
absorbs nutrients into the blood
removes food waste
regulates fluid, electrolyte, and acid-base balances

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11
Q

urinary system: what it’s made of and functions

A

kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra
removes metabolic wastes from the blood
regulates fluid, electrolyte, and acid-base balances
stimulates blood cell production

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12
Q

reproductive system of male: what it’s made of and functions

A

prostate gland, ductus deferens, testis, and penis
produces and transports sperm, secretes hormones, and sexual function

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13
Q

reproductive system of female: what it’s made of and functions

A

mammary glands, uterine tube, ovary, uterus, and vagina
produces and transports eggs
site of fetal development, nourishment, childbirth, and lactation
secretes hormones
sexual function

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14
Q

regional anatomy

A

divides body into regions such as head and neck

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15
Q

axial region

A

head, neck, and trunk

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16
Q

appendicular region

A

upper and lower limbs

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17
Q

1.)

A

cephalic

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18
Q

2.)

A

thoracic

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19
Q

3.)

A

sternal

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20
Q

4.)

A

abdominal

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21
Q

5.)

A

pelvic

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22
Q

6.)

A

manual

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23
Q

7.)

A

inguinal

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24
Q

8.)

A

pubic

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25
Q

9.)

A

pedal

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26
Q

10.)

A

plantar

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27
Q

11.)

A

sural

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28
Q

12.)

A

popliteal

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29
Q

13.)

A

gluteal

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30
Q

14.)

A

sacral

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31
Q

15.)

A

lumbar

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32
Q

16.)

A

vertberal

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33
Q

17.)

A

dorsal

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34
Q

18.)

A

cervical

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35
Q

19.)

A

occipital

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36
Q

1.)

A

cranial

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37
Q

2.)

A

frontal

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38
Q

3.)

A

ocular

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39
Q

4.)

A

nasal

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40
Q

5.)

A

mental

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41
Q

6.)

A

otic

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42
Q

7.)

A

buccal

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43
Q

8.)

A

oral

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44
Q

9.)

A

axillary

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45
Q

10.)

A

metacarpal

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46
Q

11.)

A

digital

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47
Q

12.)

A

pollex

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48
Q

13.)

A

carpal

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49
Q

14.)

A

antebrachial

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50
Q

15.)

A

antecubital

51
Q

16.)

A

brachial

52
Q

17.)

A

acromial

53
Q

18.)

A

tarsal

54
Q

19.)

A

hallux

55
Q

20.)

A

digital

56
Q

21.)

A

metatarsal

57
Q

22.)

A

crural

58
Q

23.)

A

patellar

59
Q

24.)

A

femoral

60
Q

25.)

A

coxal

61
Q

flexion

A

movement is always towards the front except for the knee

62
Q

extension

A

movement is always towards the back except for the knee

63
Q

opposition

A

touching fingers to thumb

64
Q

reposition

A

back to anatomical hand position

65
Q

retrusion

A

retraction of lower jaw

66
Q

protrusion

A

protrusion of lower jaw

67
Q

protraction

A

bringing arms forward

68
Q

retraction

A

bringing arms back

69
Q

what is the dorsal cavity split into

A

cranial and vertebral cavity

70
Q

what is the ventral cavity split into

A

thoracic and abdominopelvic cavity

71
Q

what is the thoracic cavity split into

A

right and left pleural cavity, mediastinum, and pericardial cavity

72
Q

what in the thoracic cavity is not within the serous membrane?

A

mediastinum

73
Q

what is the abdominopelvic cavity split into?

A

abdominal and pelvic cavities

74
Q

what is the peritoneal cavity

A

subdivision of abdominal cavity

75
Q

what organs are behind the peritoneal cavity in the retroperitoneal?

A

kidneys and pancreas

76
Q

what is the cutaneous membrane made of

A

epidermis and dermis

77
Q

what are some features of the epidermis

A

avascular
mostly made of keratinocytes
oxygen and nutrients are diffused from dermis into lower layers of cells

78
Q

what are some features of the dermis

A

lots of vasculature
sweat and sebaceous glands, hair and nails
arrector pilli muscles
sensory receptors
made of papillary layer and reticular layer

79
Q

papillary layer of dermis

A

bumps at the top of the dermis (20% of height)
made of loose connective tissue

80
Q

reticular layer of dermis

A

thicker
made of dense irregular connective tissue
collagen bundles and elastic fibers

81
Q

what are langer lines

A

gaps found between collagen bundles in dermis creates indentations in epidermis

82
Q

what causes stretch marks to from

A

collagen fibers get stretched and damaged

83
Q

what are some features of the hypodermis

A

also called the superficial fascia or subcutaneous tissue
anchor skin to muscle and bone
made of loose connective and adipose tissue
lots of blood supply

84
Q

skin ligaments

A

small fibrous bands that extend through hypodermis and attach the dermis and deep fascia

85
Q

what is fascia

A

wrapping, packing, and insulating material
made of dense connective tissue
surrounds things like muscle, bone, and blood vessels

86
Q

2.)

A

neuromuscular sheath (fascia around nerves and blood vessels)

87
Q

1.)

A

intermuscular septa
fascia between muscles

88
Q

3.)

A

investing fascia of muscle
fascia within muscle

89
Q

4.)

A

deep fascia bonded with periosteum of bone
fascia around bone

90
Q

5.)

A

deep fascia
outer circumferential layer

91
Q

what are the four levels of burns from superficial to deep

A

superficial, partial-thickness, full-thickness, 4th degree burn

92
Q

what is the rule of nine pertaining to burns?

A

sections of the body are broken up into 9% so clinicians can do an estimate of what % of the body was covered in burns

93
Q

axial skeleton

A

skull, vertebral column, and thoracic cage

94
Q

appendicular skeleton

A

upper and lower limbs and pectoral and pelvic girdle

95
Q

how many bones in the skull

A

22

96
Q

how many bones in the vertebral column

A

33

97
Q

how many bones in the thoracic cage

A

12 pairs of ribs, 1 sternum, and part of vertebral column

98
Q

what are the three parts of your upper limb

A

humerus, radius and ulna, and wrist and hand

99
Q

what are the three parts of your lower limb

A

femur, tibia and fibula, and ankle and foot

100
Q

what are the two parts of the pectoral girdle

A

clavicle and scapula

101
Q

which side of the hand is the radius on?

A

thumb side

102
Q

what are intervertebral foramen and what are their purpose

A

form holes at the back of the vertebrae to allow spinal nerve roots to pass through

103
Q

what are the two primary curvatures that you develop during fetal development

A

thoracic and sacral

104
Q

what are the two secondary curvatures that you develop after fetal period and why are they important

A

cervical and lumbar
allow us to walk upright

105
Q

what is the cervical curvature and what does it allow us to do

A

C2-T2
hold our heads up

106
Q

what is the lumbar curvature and what does it allow us to do

A

T12-L5
shifts weight of body onto sacrum
gives us balance and support needed to walk on two legs

107
Q

what is excessive kyphosis

A

hunchback

108
Q

1.)

A

spinous process

109
Q

2.)

A

lamina

110
Q

3.)

A

transverse process

111
Q

4.)

A

facet of superior articular process

112
Q

5.)

A

pedicle

113
Q

6.) (left)

A

vertebral foramen

114
Q

7.)

A

superior costal facet

115
Q

8.)

A

inferior costal facet

116
Q

what are the features of the atlas (C1)

A

no body or spinous process
has anterior and posterior arch to replace spinous process

117
Q

what are the features of the axis (C2)

A

has dens (odontoid process) coming off small body
dens articulates with the atlantoaxial joint
allows head to shake no

118
Q

what is spondylosis

A

hangman’s fracture
pars interarticularis fractures

119
Q

what is lumbar spinal stenosis

A

narrowing of the vertebral foramen which can cause compression of the spinal cord

120
Q

what is osteoporosis

A

demineralization of bones
abnormal deposits and reposits

121
Q

what is a laminectomy

A

removal of the lamina and spinous process to get to the spinal cord

122
Q

1.)

A

transverse foramen

123
Q

2.)

A

transverse process

Human Anatomy Lecture (18 decks)

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