Overview and Back

Question 1

systemic anatomy

Answer 1

examines human body by looking at individual organ systems

Question 2

integumentary system: what it’s made of and functions

Answer 2

hair, skin, and nails
protection
produces vitamin D
retains water
regulates body temperature

Question 3

skeletal system: what it’s made of and functions

Answer 3

bones and joints
supports the body
protects internal organs
provides leverage for movement
produces blood cells
stores calcium salts

Question 4

muscular system: what it’s made of and functions

Answer 4

skeletal muscles
produces movement
controls body openings
generates heat

Question 5

nervous system: what it’s made of and functions

Answer 5

brain, spinal cord, and nerves
regulates body functions
provides for sensation, movement, automatic functions, and higher mental functions via nerve impulses

Question 6

endocrine system: what it’s made of and functions

Answer 6

pineal gland, hypothalamus, pituitary gland, thyroid gland, thymus gland, adrenal glands, pancreas, testes, and ovaries
regulates the functions of muscles, glands, and other tissues through secretions of hormones

Question 7

cardiovascular system: what it’s made of and functions

Answer 7

blood vessels and heart
pumps and delivers oxygen-poor blood to the lungs and oxygen-rich blood to the tissues
removes wastes from the tissues
transports cells, nutrients, and other substances

Question 8

lymphatic system: what it’s made of and functions

Answer 8

tonsils, lymph nodes, thymus, spleen, and lymphatic vessels
returns excess tissue fluid to the cardiovascular system
provides immunity

Question 9

respiratory system: what it’s made of and functions

Answer 9

nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, and lungs
delivers oxygen to blood
removes carbon dioxide from the body
maintains the acid-base balance of the blood

Question 10

digestive system: what it’s made of and functions

Answer 10

mouth to anus
digests food
absorbs nutrients into the blood
removes food waste
regulates fluid, electrolyte, and acid-base balances

Question 11

urinary system: what it’s made of and functions

Answer 11

kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra
removes metabolic wastes from the blood
regulates fluid, electrolyte, and acid-base balances
stimulates blood cell production

Question 12

reproductive system of male: what it’s made of and functions

Answer 12

prostate gland, ductus deferens, testis, and penis
produces and transports sperm, secretes hormones, and sexual function

Question 13

reproductive system of female: what it’s made of and functions

Answer 13

mammary glands, uterine tube, ovary, uterus, and vagina
produces and transports eggs
site of fetal development, nourishment, childbirth, and lactation
secretes hormones
sexual function

Question 14

regional anatomy

Answer 14

divides body into regions such as head and neck

Question 15

axial region

Answer 15

head, neck, and trunk

Question 16

appendicular region

Answer 16

upper and lower limbs

Question 17

1.)

Answer 17

cephalic

Question 18

2.)

Answer 18

thoracic

Question 19

3.)

Answer 19

sternal

Question 20

4.)

Answer 20

abdominal

Question 21

5.)

Answer 21

pelvic

Question 22

6.)

Answer 22

manual

Question 23

7.)

Answer 23

inguinal

Question 24

8.)

Answer 24

pubic

Question 25

9.)

Answer 25

pedal

Question 26

10.)

Answer 26

plantar

Question 27

11.)

Answer 27

sural

Question 28

12.)

Answer 28

popliteal

Question 29

13.)

Answer 29

gluteal

Question 30

14.)

Answer 30

sacral

Question 31

15.)

Answer 31

lumbar

Question 32

16.)

Answer 32

vertberal

Question 33

17.)

Answer 33

dorsal

Question 34

18.)

Answer 34

cervical

Question 35

19.)

Answer 35

occipital

Question 36

1.)

Answer 36

cranial

Question 37

2.)

Answer 37

frontal

Question 38

3.)

Answer 38

ocular

Question 39

4.)

Answer 39

nasal

Question 40

5.)

Answer 40

mental

Question 41

6.)

Answer 41

otic

Question 42

7.)

Answer 42

buccal

Question 43

8.)

Answer 43

oral

Question 44

9.)

Answer 44

axillary

Question 45

10.)

Answer 45

metacarpal

Question 46

11.)

Answer 46

digital

Question 47

12.)

Answer 47

pollex

Question 48

13.)

Answer 48

carpal

Question 49

14.)

Answer 49

antebrachial

Question 50

15.)

Answer 50

antecubital

Question 51

16.)

Answer 51

brachial

Question 52

17.)

Answer 52

acromial

Question 53

18.)

Answer 53

tarsal

Question 54

19.)

Answer 54

hallux

Question 55

20.)

Answer 55

digital

Question 56

21.)

Answer 56

metatarsal

Question 57

22.)

Answer 57

crural

Question 58

23.)

Answer 58

patellar

Question 59

24.)

Answer 59

femoral

Question 60

25.)

Answer 60

coxal

Question 61

flexion

Answer 61

movement is always towards the front except for the knee

Question 62

extension

Answer 62

movement is always towards the back except for the knee

Question 63

opposition

Answer 63

touching fingers to thumb

Question 64

reposition

Answer 64

back to anatomical hand position

Question 65

retrusion

Answer 65

retraction of lower jaw

Question 66

protrusion

Answer 66

protrusion of lower jaw

Question 67

protraction

Answer 67

bringing arms forward

Question 68

retraction

Answer 68

bringing arms back

Question 69

what is the dorsal cavity split into

Answer 69

cranial and vertebral cavity

Question 70

what is the ventral cavity split into

Answer 70

thoracic and abdominopelvic cavity

Question 71

what is the thoracic cavity split into

Answer 71

right and left pleural cavity, mediastinum, and pericardial cavity

Question 72

what in the thoracic cavity is not within the serous membrane?

Answer 72

mediastinum

Question 73

what is the abdominopelvic cavity split into?

Answer 73

abdominal and pelvic cavities

Question 74

what is the peritoneal cavity

Answer 74

subdivision of abdominal cavity

Question 75

what organs are behind the peritoneal cavity in the retroperitoneal?

Answer 75

kidneys and pancreas

Question 76

what is the cutaneous membrane made of

Answer 76

epidermis and dermis

Question 77

what are some features of the epidermis

Answer 77

avascular mostly made of keratinocytes oxygen and nutrients are diffused from dermis into lower layers of cells

Question 78

what are some features of the dermis

Answer 78

lots of vasculature sweat and sebaceous glands, hair and nails arrector pilli muscles sensory receptors made of papillary layer and reticular layer

Question 79

papillary layer of dermis

Answer 79

bumps at the top of the dermis (20% of height) made of loose connective tissue

Question 80

reticular layer of dermis

Answer 80

thicker made of dense irregular connective tissue collagen bundles and elastic fibers

Question 81

what are langer lines

Answer 81

gaps found between collagen bundles in dermis creates indentations in epidermis

Question 82

what causes stretch marks to from

Answer 82

collagen fibers get stretched and damaged

Question 83

what are some features of the hypodermis

Answer 83

also called the superficial fascia or subcutaneous tissue anchor skin to muscle and bone made of loose connective and adipose tissue lots of blood supply

Question 84

skin ligaments

Answer 84

small fibrous bands that extend through hypodermis and attach the dermis and deep fascia

Question 85

what is fascia

Answer 85

wrapping, packing, and insulating material made of dense connective tissue surrounds things like muscle, bone, and blood vessels

Question 86

2.)

Answer 86

neuromuscular sheath (fascia around nerves and blood vessels)

Question 87

1.)

Answer 87

intermuscular septa fascia between muscles

Question 88

3.)

Answer 88

investing fascia of muscle fascia within muscle

Question 89

4.)

Answer 89

deep fascia bonded with periosteum of bone fascia around bone

Question 90

5.)

Answer 90

deep fascia outer circumferential layer

Question 91

what are the four levels of burns from superficial to deep

Answer 91

superficial, partial-thickness, full-thickness, 4th degree burn

Question 92

what is the rule of nine pertaining to burns?

Answer 92

sections of the body are broken up into 9% so clinicians can do an estimate of what % of the body was covered in burns

Question 93

axial skeleton

Answer 93

skull, vertebral column, and thoracic cage

Question 94

appendicular skeleton

Answer 94

upper and lower limbs and pectoral and pelvic girdle

Question 95

how many bones in the skull

Answer 95

22

Question 96

how many bones in the vertebral column

Answer 96

33

Question 97

how many bones in the thoracic cage

Answer 97

12 pairs of ribs, 1 sternum, and part of vertebral column

Question 98

what are the three parts of your upper limb

Answer 98

humerus, radius and ulna, and wrist and hand

Question 99

what are the three parts of your lower limb

Answer 99

femur, tibia and fibula, and ankle and foot

Question 100

what are the two parts of the pectoral girdle

Answer 100

clavicle and scapula

Question 101

which side of the hand is the radius on?

Answer 101

thumb side

Question 102

what are intervertebral foramen and what are their purpose

Answer 102

form holes at the back of the vertebrae to allow spinal nerve roots to pass through

Question 103

what are the two primary curvatures that you develop during fetal development

Answer 103

thoracic and sacral

Question 104

what are the two secondary curvatures that you develop after fetal period and why are they important

Answer 104

cervical and lumbar allow us to walk upright

Question 105

what is the cervical curvature and what does it allow us to do

Answer 105

C2-T2 hold our heads up

Question 106

what is the lumbar curvature and what does it allow us to do

Answer 106

T12-L5 shifts weight of body onto sacrum gives us balance and support needed to walk on two legs

Question 107

what is excessive kyphosis

Answer 107

hunchback

Question 108

1.)

Answer 108

spinous process

Question 109

2.)

Answer 109

lamina

Question 110

3.)

Answer 110

transverse process

Question 111

4.)

Answer 111

facet of superior articular process

Question 112

5.)

Answer 112

pedicle

Question 113

6.) (left)

Answer 113

vertebral foramen

Question 114

7.)

Answer 114

superior costal facet

Question 115

8.)

Answer 115

inferior costal facet

Question 116

what are the features of the atlas (C1)

Answer 116

no body or spinous process has anterior and posterior arch to replace spinous process

Question 117

what are the features of the axis (C2)

Answer 117

has dens (odontoid process) coming off small body dens articulates with the atlantoaxial joint allows head to shake no

Question 118

what is spondylosis

Answer 118

hangman's fracture pars interarticularis fractures

Question 119

what is lumbar spinal stenosis

Answer 119

narrowing of the vertebral foramen which can cause compression of the spinal cord

Question 120

what is osteoporosis

Answer 120

demineralization of bones abnormal deposits and reposits

Question 121

what is a laminectomy

Answer 121

removal of the lamina and spinous process to get to the spinal cord

Question 122

1.)

Answer 122

transverse foramen

Question 123

2.)

Answer 123

transverse process