Neck Flashcards
(121 cards)
1
Q
what are the superior and inferior boarders of what is considered the neck
A
superior: mandible
inferior: clavicles/suprasternal notch
2
Q
what passes through the transverse foramen of C7
A
vertebral vein (not artery)
3
Q
what is another name for the C7 vertebra
A
vertebra prominens
4
Q
at what level will you find the hyoid bone
A
C3
5
Q
what structures suspend the hyoid bone
A
styloid process, larynx, sternum, and mandible
6
Q
what are the 2 main functions of the hyoid bone
A
swallowing and speech
7
Q
1.)
A
greater horn
8
Q
2.)
A
lesser horn
9
Q
3.)
A
body of hyoid bone
10
Q
explain the features of a fracture of the hyoid bone
A
caused by manual strangulation (ligature)
causes fracture of thyroid cartilage and hyoid bone, strap muscle hemorrhage, bruising of larynx muscles, and petechial hemorrhages in eyes
prevents swallowing and can cause aspiration pneumonia
11
Q
what is the tubercle on the clavicle
A
conoid tubercle
12
Q
what is the platysma and where is it found
A
“shaving muscle” found in the anterolateral neck
13
Q
paralysis of which muscle can cause sagging of the neck
A
platysma
14
Q
what is the deep cervical fascia
A
fascia layer beneath the superficial fascia or hypodermis of neck
contains the carotid sheath
15
Q
what are the four main components of the carotid sheath
A
common carotid arteries
internal carotid arteries
internal jugular vein
vagus nerve
16
Q
1.)
A
sternocleidomastoid region (A)
17
Q
triangles E, B, 2 and 3
A
posterior cervical region
18
Q
triangles 4,5,6, and 7
A
anterior cervical region
19
Q
9.)
A
submandibular triangle
20
Q
10.)
A
submental triangle
21
Q
11.)
A
carotid triangle
22
Q
12.)
A
muscular triangle
23
Q
what are the four boarders of the anterior triangle (anterior cervical region)
A
base of mandible, ventral midline, sternocleidomastoid, and investing and pre-tracheal fascia
24
Q
which triangle, anterior or posterior, would be used in a surgical approach for the larynx, trachea, thyroid, and carotid arteries
A
anterior triangle
25
what are the three boarders of the posterior triangle (lateral cervical region)
sternocleidomastoid, middle 3rd of clavicle, and anterior margin of trapezius
26
which triangle, anterior or posterior, would be used to access vasculature and be home to the subclavian artery pressure point
posterior triangle
27
what is the purpose of the thyroid gland
to secrete thyroid hormone and calcitonin
28
what does thyroid hormone do
regulate growth and metabolism
29
what does calcitonin do
lowers calcium levels if they get too high
30
how much does a thyroid gland weigh in female and male adults
female: 14 grams
male: 25 grams
31
how is the thyroid divided
into upper, middle, and lower poles
32
when does the thyroid gland enlarge in females
during menstruation and pregnancy
33
what do parathyroid glands do
causes its chief cells to secrete parathyroid hormone
34
what does parathyroid hormone do
causes more calcium secretion if levels get too low
35
what is the net weight of the 3-5 parathyroid glands on the posterior aspect of the thyroid gland
125 milligrams
36
explain the features of a pyramidal lobe
lobe found in 50% of thyroid glands
forms when the thyroglossal duct does not regress after 8-10 weeks in utero
37
4 muscles that move the head and neck
sternocleidomastoid, scalenes, trapezius, and splenius capitis
38
4 muscles that push food to the back of the oral cavity
suprahyoid muscles: digastric, stylohyoid, mylohyoid, and geniohyoid
39
how do the suprahyoid muscles push food to the back of the oral cavity
elevate hyoid bone and raise the tongue and floor of mouth
40
1.)
mylohyoid
41
2.)
digastric
42
3.)
stylohyoid
43
4.
geniohyoid
44
4 muscles that push food into the esophagus
infrahyoid (strap) muscles: sternohyoid, sternothyroid, thyrohyoid, and omohyoid
45
how do the infrahyoid (strap) muscles push food into the esophagus
depress hyoid and pharynx
46
1.)
sternohyoid
47
2.)
sternothyroid
48
3.)
thyrohyoid
49
4.)
omohyoid
50
what are some features of the omohyoid muscle
has a superior and inferior belly with intermediate tendon
attaches to scapula and hyoid bone
51
where does arterial supply to head and neck come from
comes mainly from right and left common carotid arteries but also form subclavian arteries
52
what do your common carotid arteries split into at C4
internal and external carotid arteries
53
what does the external carotid artery supply
supplies superficial structures of head and face
54
what does the internal carotid artery supply
supplies brain
55
where is plaque most likely to build up in vasculature
at bifurcations
56
what is the carotid sinus and what does it do
dilation at base of internal carotid artery
baroreceptor that detects change in systemic blood pressure
57
what does the superior thyroid artery supply
thyroid gland and anterior neck structures
58
what does the lingual artery supply
tongue
59
what does the facial artery supply
face
60
what does the occipital artery supply
posterior scalp
61
what terminal branches does the external carotid artery split into
maxillary artery and superficial temporal artery
62
what does the maxillary artery supply
deeper structures of the face like teeth, gums and nasal cavity
63
what does the superficial temporal artery supply
lateral side of head, most of scalp, and parotid salivary gland in lateral cheeck
64
1.)
superior temporal artery
65
2.)
maxillary artery
66
3.)
occipital artery
67
4.)
facial artery
68
5.)
lingual artery
69
6.)
external carotid artery
70
7.)
internal carotid artery
71
8.)
superior thyroid artery
72
9.)
common carotid artery
73
11.) (near jaw)
ascending pharyngeal artery
74
11.) (on skull)
posterior auricular artery
75
where do the vertebral arteries branch from
subclavian arteries
76
what do the vertebral arteries supply
the brain and spinal cord via the anterior and posterior spinal arteries
77
1.)
basilar artery
78
2.)
circle of willis
79
what do the inferior thyroid arteries supply
posterior aspect of thyroid
80
where do the inferior thyroid arteries branch from
thyrocervical trunk
81
where does the thyrocervical trunk branch from
subclavian arteries
82
what drains into the brachiocephalic veins
most veins superior to diaphragm
83
what are the three main veins that drain the head and neck
internal jugular
vertebral veins
external jugular vein
84
what does the external jugular vein drain
scalp, face, and neck
85
what vein runs anterior and superior to the sternocleidomastoid muscle
external jugular vein
86
what three veins drain into the internal and external jugular veins
superficial temporal, facial, and maxillary veins
87
1.)
vertebral vein
88
2.)
external jugular vein
89
3.)
internal jugular vein
90
4.)
right subclavian vein
91
5.)
superficial temporal vein
92
6.)
maxillary vein
93
7.)
facial vein
94
explain features of external jugular vein distension
visible bulging of the external jugular veins
can be caused by anything that causes compression
compression leads to back up which causes bulging
95
which veins serve as an internal barometer to assess central venous pressure
internal and external jugular veins
96
what are the three functions of the larynx starting with most important
protection, respiratory, and phonation (sound)
97
what are some features of the thyroid cartilage
unpaired shield like piece of cartilage forming the anterior and superior walls of the larynx
connected to the hyoid bone and to cricoid cartilage by fibrous membrane
called an Adam's apple when it protrudes anteriorly
98
what are some features of the epiglottis
unpaired piece of cartilage on the backside of the thyroid cartilage
only base is attached and is attached to thyroid cartilage
99
what are some features of the glottis
opening formed by the free edge of the epiglottis
keeps food from entering lungs
100
what are some features of cricoid cartilage
unpaired section of cartilage found inferior to the thyroid cartilage
connected to thyroid by cricothyroid ligament
101
where in the neck would you place a tube to provide an emergency airway
through the cricothyroid ligament
102
what are the three paired cartilages of the larynx
arytenoid, corniculate, and cuneiform
103
what is the function of the arytenoid and corniculate cartilages
sound production
104
what is the function of the cuneiform cartilage
found in the lateral walls of larynx to support epiglottis when it's closing
105
what are some features of the vestibular folds (false vocal cords)
extend from arytenoid to thyroid cartilages
close off glottis during swallowing
does not play a role in sound production
106
what are some features of the vocal folds (true vocal cords)
inferior to vestibular folds
attached to arytenoid and thyroid cartilages
vibrate to produce sound when air passes over them
107
what are the laryngeal ventricles
lateral recesses between folds
108
what is the rima glottidis
opening between vocal folds
109
what is the glottis
opening between vocal fold and vocal process
110
what is the aryepiglottic fold
mucous membrane that directs food away from our lungs by adding stiffness to the fold
111
what is the piriform fossa
small depression of laryngopharyngeal cavity where a foreign body can lodge
laryngeal nerves lie deep to this area
112
1.)
thyroid cartilage
113
2.)
cricothyroid ligament
114
3.)
cricoid cartilage
115
1.)
cuneiform cartilage
116
2.)
corniculate cartilage
117
3.)
arytenoid cartilage
118
1.)
epiglottis
119
2.)
aryepiglottic fold
120
3.)
vestibular fold
121
4.)
vocal fold
