Abdomen revision

Question 1

describe the vasculature of the abdomen starting from branches of the aorta and the arterial supply to stomach, spleen, liver, bowels, pancreaseetc

Question 2

what vertebral level does the aorta split into left and right common iliac

Answer 2

L4

Question 3

what does it mean for an organ to be retroperitoneal or intraperitoneal

Answer 3

• retro = behind peritoneum
• intra = within peritoneum

Question 4

are kidneys retro or introperitoneal

Answer 4

retro

Question 5

identify what organs are retro/intraperitoneal

Question 6

what structure sits on the superior aspect of the kidney

Answer 6

adrenal glands

Question 7

what arteries supply the kidneys

Answer 7

left and right renal artery

Question 8

what level do renal arteries branch off the aorta to supply kidneys

Answer 8

L1/2

Question 9

what organs are fore, mid and hind gut

Answer 9

fore = esophagus, stomach, liver, gallbladder, bile ducts, pancreas and proximal duodenum

mid= distal half of the duodenum, jejunum, ileum, cecum, ascending colon, and the proximal half (2/3) of the transverse colon

hind= distal one third of the transverse colon and the splenic flexure, the descending colon, sigmoid colon and up to the ano-rectal junction.

Question 10

what are the 5 regions of the Pancras

Answer 10

head, neck, uncinate process, body, tail

Question 11

what vertebral level does the neck of pancreas sit at

Answer 11

L1

Question 12

what major branch of aorta supplies fore, mid, hind gut

Answer 12

fore = celiac trunk
mid= SMA
hind= IMA

Question 13

what do you call the sphincter linking the gall bladder to the proximal part of the duodenum?

Answer 13

sphincter of oddi

Question 14

describe the arterial supply coming off the coeliac trunk and what it each supplies

Answer 14

refer to image in ipad

Question 15

the R and L gastric artery supplies?
the R and L gastro omental artery supplies?

Answer 15

R+L gastric supplies lesser curvature of stomach

R+L gastro omental supplies greater curvature of stomach

Question 16

what vertebral level does SMA branch off aorta at

Answer 16

L1

Question 17

when organs are supplies with blood from 2 branches of the aorta, what is the known as?

Answer 17

collateral supply

Question 18

the pancreas and duodenum are supplied by what 2 aortic branches

Answer 18

celiac and SMA

Question 19

What level does celiac trunk branch off aorta

Answer 19

t12

Question 20

at what point does the common hepatic artery become the proper hepatic artery

Answer 20

once gastroduodenal artery branches off it

Question 21

know where the bile duct and pancreatic duct is/what they look like

Question 22

duodenum continues off from stomach, what are the 4 parts of it and thus what parts are fore or mid gut

Answer 22

superior, descending, (fore)

inferior, ascending (mid)

Question 23

describe arterial supply from SMA and what it each supplied

Answer 23

• inferior pancreaticoduodenal
• jejunal and ileal (small bowel)
• marginal artery of drumming (proximal descending colon)
• appendicular
• middle, right, illeo colic (large bowel)

Question 24

the inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery is anastomosis between blood supply to fore and mid gut, what does this mean

Answer 24

connection between two structures/ connection of blood supply between fore and mid gut

Question 25

the marginal artery of drummon branches from the SMA but supplies region of hind gut, why/how is this

Answer 25

supplies the proximal descending colon at the splenic flexure. The artery of Drummond is an arterial arcade formed by an anastomosis between the distal branches of the superior and inferior mesenteric arteries. - essentially links all intestinal arteries ( linking SMA and IMA)

Question 26

What level does IMA branch off aorta

Answer 26

L3

Question 27

DESCRIBE arterial supply from IMA

Answer 27

- left colic - sigmoid - superior rectal

Question 28

the inferior mesenteric vein drains blood from which region of gut

Answer 28

hindgut

Question 29

the splenic vein drains what 3 organs

Answer 29

spleen pancreas stomach

Question 29

the superior mesenteric and splenic vein fuse to form what major vein

Answer 29

hepatic portal vein

Question 30

what does SM vein drains what part of gut

Answer 30

mid gut

Question 31

what 4 organs does the hepatic portal vein drain blood from

Answer 31

spleen, stomach, pancreas, intestine

Question 32

where does blood from hepatic portal / SM vein drain to and why

Answer 32

liver - so substances absorbed by bowel can get stored, altered and detoxified

Question 33

refer to image in camera roll to understand positioning of abdominal vein and how they link

Question 34

where does the IVC link to the hepatic veins?

Answer 34

links to left and right hepatic vein from above

Question 35

understand how the hepatic veins link to IVC thru images

Question 35

lymphatic drainage has the same name as the arteries thus what lymph nodes drain the fore, mid and hind gut

Answer 35

celiac lymph node SM lymph node IM lymph node

Question 36

what structure (travelling up the thorax) does the lymph nodes from the celiac lymph nodes flow into

Answer 36

thoracic duct

Question 37

where is bile produces, how does it enter digestive system, what does it do

Answer 37

made in liver - bile emulsifies fact aiding digestion of it - travels to gallbladder (stores and concentrates) via hepatic duct - fat enters small intestine triggering CCK (cholecystokinin) releasing bile thru cystic duct - hepatic duct joins cystic duct = common bile duct - common bile duct joins pancreatic duct entering duodenum

Question 38

what is the name of the point where common bile duct joins to pancreatic duct before connecting to duodenum

Answer 38

ampulla of vater / hepatopancreatic ampulla

Question 39

role of pancreas in digestion? where does it sit in GI tract, where does it join

Answer 39

- makes pancreatic juices called enzymes. These enzymes break down sugars, fats, and starches. - head/neck of pancreas sits in duodenal curve - joins/empties product at duodenum