pelvic pathology imaging

Question 1

find image and label all pelvic bony anatomy

Question 2

find image and label all pelvic ligaments

Answer 2

anterior/posterior sacroiliac
sacrospinous
scatrotuberous
inguinal

Question 3

find image and label all female reproductive anatomy in general and on MRI

Question 4

find image and label all male reproductive anatomy in general and on MRI

Question 5

What are the 4 zones of the prostate

Answer 5

anterior
transitional
central
peripheral
(in order from front to back)

Question 6

know what prostate cancer and inguinal hernias looks like on mri (sag and coronal view)

Question 7

what is BPH

Answer 7

benign prostatic hyperplasia

• englarged prostate (common with age)

Question 8

what zone of prostate does BPH and cancer tend to occur

Answer 8

BPH= common in transitional zone

cancer = peripheral zone (most posterior zone)

Question 9

what is varicocele and what does it look like on imaging

Answer 9

an enlargement of the veins within the loose bag of skin that holds the testicles (scrotum)

• looks like a ‘bag of worms’ that are fallen out (long wriggle structure hanging out)

Question 10

note, inguinal hernia is a common cause for SBO SO KNOW WHAT THE HERNIA LOOKS LIKE ON MRI

Question 11

whats endometriosis, where are common locations for it

Answer 11

presence of endometrial tissue outside uterine cavity

• torus uterinus (where uterosacral ligament attaches) and fornix (he anterior (front) and posterior (back) recesses into which the upper vagina is divided/ right cervix meets vagina)

Question 12

know what endometriosis looks like on mri

Answer 12

(dark, rugged growth attaching to uterus)

Question 13

what are the 5 forms of fibroid growths in the uterus, describe their position

Answer 13

• fundal subserosal (in muscle at fundus of uterus)
• intramural ( muscle wall of uterus)
• subserosal (outside the wall of the womb into the pelvis)
• submucosal (develop in the muscle layer beneath the womb’s inner lining and grow into the cavity of the womb
• penduculated submucosal (attached to the womb with a narrow stalk of tissue/hangs from uterus)

Question 14

know what ovary cysts look like on MRI and us, how do cysts appear on MRI and US

Answer 14

MRI= bright region (due to fluid)

US = (Dark as it absorbs waves and none reflected)

Question 15

what is a dermoid cyst

Answer 15

slow growing, cystic masses, lined by skin and filled with oil and old skin cells. (can grow fat, teeth hair etc)

Question 16

whats a functional cyst

Answer 16

Ovulation – “Functional” ovarian cysts develop when a follicle (sac) grows, but does not rupture to release the egg. These cysts usually resolve without treatment.

Question 17

what are endometriomas

Answer 17

cystic lesions that stem from the disease process of endometriosis.

• filled with blood

Question 18

whats a cystadenoma

Answer 18

cystadenomas: – these cysts develop from cells on the surface of the ovary

• can be cancerous or benign

Question 19

PCOS?

Answer 19

polycystic ovarian syndrom

• multiple cysts in ovary

Question 20

what can be used to treat uterine prolapse or urinary incontinece etc

Answer 20

pessary (rubber ring to hold muscle up)

Question 21

whats a hysterectomy

Answer 21

surgical procedure to remove uterus

Question 22

what type of pessary is used to treat rectocele (prolapse of posterior vagina onto rectum)

Answer 22

gelhorn pessary

Question 23

what are the 6 types of pessary, when would they be used

Answer 23

• ring (1st/2nd degree uterovaginal prolapse)
• donut (3rd degree uterovaginal prolapse)
• gellhorn ( 3rd degree uterovaginal prolapse with decrease perineal support)
• cube (3rd degree uterovaginal prolapse)
• hodge (mild cystocele + narrow pubic arch, correcting retroverted uterus)
• gehrung (cysto/rectocele)

Question 24

know what coils (releases copper to stop pregnancy) and steraliztin (closes Fallopian tube) clips look like on images