limbs pathology Flashcards
(23 cards)
what is calcification tendonitis and what does it look like
a painful condition affecting the rotator cuff of the shoulder, due to a build up of calcium within the tendons, sometimes called calcium deposits
- looks like bony fragments just to the side of the humerus, where the tendon is
what are the elbow ossification orders
Capitellum
Radial head
Internal epicondyle
Trochlea
Olecranon
Lateral epicondyle
REMEMBER: TO CHECK IF IT IS A FRACTURE IN THE ELBOW DO CRITOL TO SEE IF SOMETHING THAT SHOULD ALREADY HAVE BEEN FUSED ISNT
in a lateral elbow, what structure should the radial head align with (to check if dislocation)
capitellum
know ur arm vasculature
branch off aorta
subclavian
axillary –> humeral circumflex
brachial –> deep brachial
radial and ulnar
what is the sesamoid bone often found behind the lateral condyle of the femur
fabella
know knee bone anatomy
know what posterior and anterior displacement of hip looks like, whats the difference between visualisation of trochanters of the
posterior = lesser trochanter not visible due to MEDIAL rotation
anterior = lesser trochanter more visible due to LATERAL rotation
posterior hip displacement is OFTEN ASSOCAITED WITH FRACTURES
anterior hip displacement MOSTLY ISOLATED INJURY
which of the 2 = shortened leg on clinical examination
posterior
what are the types of proximal/ head femur fractures u can get
subcaptial (head)
transcervial (neck)
intertrochanteric (between trochanters)
subtrochanteric (below trochanters)
greater and lesser trochanter
hip fractures are further described as INTRACAPSULAR OR EXTRACAPSULAR, what is this
intra = in joint capsult
extra = outside joint capsule
what is the weber fracture classification of the ankle ?
simple system for classification of lateral malleolar fractures, relating to the level of the fracture in relation to the ankle joint, specifically the distal tibiofibular syndesmosis.
what is the syndesmosis
complex fibrous joint composed of multiple ligaments and a broad fibrous interosseous membrane that spans between the tibia and fibula throughout the length of both bones. It is an important structure for ankle stability 1.
what are the 3 levels of weber classification and mechanism of injury
a = transverse fracture to lateral malleolus
(syndesmosis is still intact) (medial malleolus may be fractures too) (SUPINATION-ADDUCTION)
b = spiral fracture to lateral malleolus (slight tearing of syndesmosis and or deltoid ligament) ( often associated with medial malleolus fracture)(SUPINATION-EXTERNAL ROTATION)
c = fracture of lateral malleolus + widening of distal tibiofibular articulation, torn syndesmosis, fractured medial malleolus and deltoid ligament torn
( PRONATION-EXTERNAL ROTATION OR PRONATION-ABDUCTION)
what 2 bone structures are prone to avascular necrosis
femur head
scaphoid
KNOW UR knee ligaments and bursae
typical sign of knee injury
lipohaemarthorisis
REMEBER anterior fat pads on elbow can be seen BUT NEVER POSTERIOR UNLESS INJURY
what is bursitis, what does it look like on MRI
fluid filled sacs that cushion joints inflammed
bright and expanded/ increase in size due to increased fluid on MRI
know ur lower limb vasculature
whats the difference between a thrombosis and an embolism
thrombosis = thrombus/clot develops in blood vessel and reduces flow of blood
embolism = piece of clot or foreign object or other bodily substance e.g fat gets stuck in artery and LARGELY obstructs flow of blood
what is blood vessel collateralisation and what vessel in the lower limb does this
Collateral circulation is alternate or “backup” blood vessels in your body that can take over when another artery or vein becomes blocked or damaged. Your collateral circulation provides alternative routes for blood flow
- descending branch of lateral circumflex artery
know what embolism, aneurysms etc look like on MRA for lower and upper limb vasculature
LOOK THRU ALL IMAGES IN IPAD AND LABEL ANATOMY AND PATHOLOGY RELATING TO LIMBS
