thorax revision Flashcards
(13 cards)
what are 4 sections of the mediastinum
superior
anterior
middle
posterior
(know what each region covers/waht the regions look like)
what structures lie in each section of mediastinum
refer to image
label cross section image of mediastinum in camera roll
- use your knowledge of what sits in areas of the mediastinum in order to guess what the structures in the image is
what VL is the carina at
T4/T5
how many fissures in R/L lung, what are they called
R= 3, superior, middle, inferior (has oblique and horizontal fissure)
L= 2, Superior, inferir (only has oblique fissure)
purpose of using zones for lung xrays (upper, middle, lower zone roughly split into 3rds)
fissures hard to identify (unless perfect xray)
- it simplifies process of working out where issue is
- plus more useful to know is issue is at top or bottom e.g fluid accumulation
what are NG tubes used for, how’s it inserted, when would you not use it/containdications
feeding
- thru nose, back of throat, down oesophagus into stomach
- dont use if theres facial trauma e.g crack in skull can allow tube to go up Brain instead of down throat
how do you check if NG is in right place, what does right position look like
aspiration of gastric fluid
- if none then do chest xray
- below diaphragm, on LEFT side of abdomen
whats an ET tube and its purpose,
endotracheal tube
- provides oxygen and inhaled gases to the lungs and protects them from contamination, such as gastric contents or bloo
-
where is the correct position for an ET tube
4-5 cm above carina
if the ET tube is place WITHIN one of the broncos, what can happen to the other lung
it supplies only one side of the lung with oxygen etc,
- the tube and its cuff occlude the orifice of the other bronchus, thus not ventilating it and causing ti to collapse
what does LMA stand for
laryngeal mask airway
what do you do for pleural effusions or pneumothorax
chest drain
