neonatal imaging Flashcards
(32 cards)
what anatomy in a chest xray can be seen in babies but not adults
thymus
- know what this looks like
(dense like lobe sitting adjacent to aortic notch)
where does the endotracheal tube sit for babies
T1-T3
ensure tip of NG is in stomach
what is UAC, what does it do and where is its correct position in kids
umbilical artery catheter
- allows blood to be taken from an infant at different times, without repeated needle sticks
- in descending AORTA level of T6-11
what is UVC, what does it do and where is its correct position in kids
umbilical vein catheter
- delivers fluid, medication etc
- in the inferior vena cava, just outside of right atrium, at T9
know what a UVC AND UAC looks like on xray and its correct position
- if the line deviates from mid line, it may be in the portal or even splenic vein
placing the UAC at low level of L2/3 is acceptable as long as it is above what structure
the bifurcation of the common iliac arteries
if the line is being put through the arm, where is the optimal position for the tip to end
tip in the distal SVC
ROUGHLY KNOW THE ARTERIAL LOCATIONS IN A NEONATE E.G WHERE THE SVC, RBV, LBV ETC ARE (refer to image in iPad)
what is RDS and what causes it
respiratory distress syndrome (mainly in premature babies)
- undeveloped lungs post birth
- lungs dont produce surfactant (liquid) so lungs cant expand large enough for sufficient oxygen
what does RDS look like on xray
lung region looks opaque (less air due to not breathing so doesnt look dark as it usually should)
- uniform granularity on both sides
what is pulmonary haemorrhage
Pulmonary haemorrhage is bleeding into the lung. It happens when blood leaks from blood vessels in the windpipe or airways into the main lung.
you cant necessarily know pulmonary haemorrhage from xray only, give e.g of what more could help identify
need more clinical info e.g blood coming up from ET tube
what is TTN
transient tachypnoea of the newborn
- delay in clearance of fetal lung fluid after birth which leads to ineffective gas exchange, respiratory distress, and tachypnea.
what does TTN look like on xray / what it looks similar to
- fluid in horizontal tissue
-cardiomegaly - pleural effusion
- perihialr consolidation bilaterally
what is meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS)
happens when a newborn has trouble breathing because meconium (amniotic fluid) got into the lungs
know what meconium aspiration looks like on xray
whats duodenal atresia
narrowed/blocked duodenum
what sign on xray shows duodenal atresia in neonates
double bubble sign (gas on left and right side of baby) but no gas distally at all (past duodenum)
what iOS oesophageal atresia
The upper part of the oesophagus doesn’t connect with the lower oesophagus and stomach. It usually ends in a blind ended pouch, which means food can’t reach the stomach.
know what it looks like in neonate xray
what is tracheal oesophageal fistula
A tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF) is an abnormal connection between your esophagus and trachea.
know what it looks like in neonate xray
what does TOF stand for
tetraology of fallot
-
what are the 4 defects in TOF
ventricular septal defect,
overriding aorta,
pulmonary stenosis
right ventricular hypertrophy.
what equipment is used to aid kids with oesophageal atresia
replogal tube
- o prevent aspiration of contents from the oesophageal pouch.
