Abdomen TEST 2

Question 1

What GI concerns are specific to infants?

Answer 1

Meconium stool, jaundice, reflux, vomiting, diarrhea, colic, steatorrhea, weight loss, abdominal enlargement

Question 2

What GI concerns are specific to children?

Answer 2

Constipation, dietary habits, abdominal pain, psychosocial stressors

Question 3

What is the correct order for an abdominal exam?

Answer 3

Inspection, auscultation, percussion, palpation

Question 4

What sounds are auscultated with the diaphragm?

Answer 4

Bowel sounds

Question 5

What sounds are auscultated with the bell?

Answer 5

Vascular

Question 6

What bowel sounds suggest obstruction?

Answer 6

High-pitched tinkling sounds

Question 7

What is the normal liver span?

Answer 7

6 to 12 cm (2.5 to 4.5 inches)

Question 8

How should a patient be positioned for abdominal palpation?

Answer 8

Supine with flexed knees

Question 9

What are you assessing during deep palpation?

Answer 9

Organ definition, masses, tenderness, aortic pulsation

Question 10

What does CVA tenderness indicate?

Answer 10

Possible pyelonephritis

Question 11

What is a positive Murphy sign?

Answer 11

Abrupt cessation of inspiration during RUQ palpation indicating gallbladder issue

Question 12

What is a positive McBurney’s point rebound test?

Answer 12

Sharp pain after releasing pressure indicating appendicitis

Question 13

What is a Cullen sign?

Answer 13

Ecchymosis around the umbilicus indicating internal bleeding

Question 14

What does a positive Iliopsoas test suggest?

Answer 14

Appendicitis; when lifting the right leg up theres pain in the RLQ

Question 15

What is a duodenal ulcer?

Answer 15

Chronic mucosal break in the duodenum that scars with healing

Question 16

What is Crohn’s disease?

Answer 16

Chronic inflammatory disorder affecting any part of the GI tract, commonly terminal ileum and colon

Question 17

What is ulcerative colitis?

Answer 17

Chronic inflammation of colon/rectum causing mucosal friability and ulceration

Question 18

What is acute pancreatitis v. chronic?

Answer 18

Acute: Autodigestion of pancreas due to enzyme release/ Chronic: Irreversible damage + inflammation with fibrosis + calcifications

Question 19

Why is the spleen commonly injured in trauma?

Answer 19

Because of its anatomic location and vulnerability to blunt force

Question 20

What is meconium ileus associated with?

Answer 20

Cystic fibrosis

Question 21

What is biliary atresia?

Answer 21

Congenital absence of bile ducts leading to bile flow obstruction

Question 22

What is Hirschsprung disease?

Answer 22

Absence of ganglion cells in colon causing intestinal motility failure

Question 23

What is Meckel diverticulum?

Answer 23

Outpouching of ileum near ileocecal valve

Question 24

What’re the main organs you’re assessing for in the LUQ of the abdomen?

Answer 24

Stomach, spleen; If there’s a problem here, think: GASTRITIC PROBLEMS, SPLENOMEGALY

Question 25

What're the main organs you're assessing for in the RUQ of the abdomen?

Answer 25

Liver, gallbladder, duodenum; If there's a problem here, think: LIVER, GALLBLADDER PROBLEMS

Question 26

What're the main organs you're assessing for in the LLQ of the abdomen?

Answer 26

Descending colon, sigmoid colon; If theres a problem here, think: DIVERTICULITIS, OVARIAN PATHOLOGY, OR CONSTIPATION

Question 27

What're the main organs you're assessing for in the RLQ of the abdomen?

Answer 27

Appendix, cecum; if there's a problem here, think: APPENDICITIS, OVARIAN CYSTS, ECTOPIC PREGNANCY, PANCREATITIS

Question 28

What does the obturator exam test for?

Answer 28

Possible ruptured appendix or pelvic abscess

Question 29

To which part of the alimentary tract would the common bile duct and pancreatic duct be connected?

Answer 29

Small Intestine

Question 30

Which method of examination would the nurse use to assess costovertebral angles for kidney tenderness?

Answer 30

Percussion

Question 31

Which abdominal organs would begin formation by week 4 of gestation?

Answer 31

Pancrease, liver, gallbladder

Question 32

Which pregnancy variation would cause gastroesophageal reflux (GERD)?

Answer 32

Decreasing pressure of lower esophageal sphincter

Question 33

Match the viral hepatitis type with the person at risk.

Answer 33

Hep C= Person Born in 1954/ Hep B= Cirrhosis/ Hep C= Substance abuse disorder

Question 34

Match the normal variation pertaining to the abdomen of infants and children with the correct diagnosis. Projectile Vomiting Back Arching Drawing up of the legs Intusseption/Malabsorption GERD Pyloric Stenosis

Answer 34

Forceful or projectile vomiting= pyloric stenosis/ Back arching= GERD/ Drawing up of the legs= Intusseption/ Malabsorption= Steatorrhea

Question 35

Which abdominal sound would be associated with respiration?

Answer 35

Friction rub

Question 36

Which statement would be correct regarding percussion of and around the spleen?

Answer 36

Dullness may be heard if the patient has a feces-filled intestine.

Question 37

A patient with fever, suprapubic tenderness, rigid abdomen, and pain on pelvic examination would be likely to have which condition?

Answer 37

Salpingitis

Question 38

Which abdominal mass would most commonly be palpated in infants and toddlers?

Answer 38

Neuroblastoma, Wilms tumor, lymphoma

Question 39

Which hepatobiliary complication would be indicated by acute abdominal pain in the right upper quadrant (RUQ) that radiates to other parts?

Answer 39

Cholecysistitis

Question 40

Which complication would account for 20% of the cases of chronic kidney disease?

Answer 40

Acute glomerulonephritis