Anus, Rectum, Prostate TEST 2 Flashcards
(25 cards)
What structures are involved in the anatomy of the rectum and anus?
Anal canal, internal and external sphincters, rectum
Where is the prostate palpated during exam?
Through the anterior rectal wall
What are the common patient positions for rectal examination?
Knee-chest, left lateral, or standing with hips flexed
What should be inspected in the sacrococcygeal and perianal area?
Skin characteristics, lesions, pilonidal dimpling, tufts of hair, inflammation
What findings are you looking for during anal inspection?
Tags, fissures, hemorrhoids, polyps, fistulae, prolapse
How is sphincter tone assessed?
By inserting a gloved finger and assessing tightness of the muscular ring
What should be palpated during digital rectal exam?
Lateral, posterior, and anterior rectal walls for nodules, masses, tenderness
What is examined on the prostate?
Size, contour, consistency, mobility, tenderness
What is encopresis?
Fecal incontinence in a child beyond the age of toilet training (Can be associated with constipation)
What anorectal conditions are common in pregnancy?
Hemorrhoids, constipation, stool color changes
What findings are common in older adults?
Decreased sphincter tone, polyps, enlarged prostate
What is a pilonidal cyst?
A cyst near the cleft of the buttocks
What is an anal fistula?
An abnormal tract between the rectum/anus and the skin
What is pruritus ani?
Itching of the anal area
What are hemorrhoids?
Swollen veins in the lower rectum or anus
What are rectal polyps?
Abnormal mucosal tissue growths
What is anal cancer?
Malignancy of the anal skin, glands, or mucosa
What is colorectal cancer?
Cancer of the colon or rectum
What is enterobiasis?
Pinworm infection caused by Enterobius vermicularis
Which disease would be asymptomatic and typically found incidentally?
Collagen
Which process controls an infant’s external sphincter?
Involuntary reflexive
Which finding during rectal examination suggests an anal fistula?
Palpable, indurated tract
Which finding is typical of acute prostatitis?
Fever
Which test is used to diagnose enterobiasis?
Scotch tape test (conducted by pressing the sticky side of the against the perianal folds. If pinworms are present, they can be seen on the piece of tape under a microscope)
