ABO Blood Group

Question 1

what was the first blood group to be ID

Answer 1

ABO

Question 2

t or F: the ABO blood group has naturally occurring ab

Answer 2

T

Question 3

where do expected abs come from

Answer 3

Environmental factors

Question 4

what kind of immunoglobulin are anti a anti b abs

Answer 4

IgMs

Question 5

what do anti A and Anti b activate

Answer 5

complement

Question 6

what kind of rejection occurs if a pt is transfused with ABO incompatible blood

Answer 6

acute humeral rejection

Question 7

how is the ABO blood group inherited

Answer 7

mendelian genetics

Question 8

what kind of alleles are the ABO gene

Answer 8

autosomal co-dominant

Question 9

what chromosome has the ABO locus

Answer 9

chromosome 9

Question 10

if both parents are type A can they produce a type O baby

Answer 10

yes because mom and dad could each have 1 O gene and the baby could get both

Question 11

what is the heterozygous form of type A blood

Answer 11

AO

Question 12

what is the homozygous of type A blood

Answer 12

AA

Question 13

what is the genotype of type O blood

Answer 13

OO

Question 14

what is the genotype of type AB blood

Answer 14

AB

Question 15

what ag do type O pt have

Answer 15

H

Question 16

what kind of structure do ags have

Answer 16

carbohydrate

Question 17

what genes have products that affect the expression of ags

Answer 17

ABO, Hh, and Sese

Question 18

what kind of sugar chain is the H precursor substance

Answer 18

4 sugar chain

Question 19

what sugar is added to the H precursor substance

Answer 19

L-fucose

Question 20

where is the H gene located

Answer 20

on type 2 chains beta 1 –> 4 linkage

Question 21

H gene rxn with precursor substance + _____ = __ ag

Answer 21

fucose, H

Question 22

what gene is required for the production of A or B ags

Answer 22

H gene

Question 23

is the h gene amorph

Answer 23

yes

Question 24

what adds sugars to the H ag to make A or B ags

Answer 24

glycosyltransferases

Question 25

T or F: all H genes are converted into A or B ags

Answer 25

F

Question 26

what blood groups have the most H ag (most to least)

Answer 26

O > A2 > B > A2B > A1 >A1B

Question 27

what is the name for this genotype hh

Answer 27

bombay

Question 28

what RBC ag do Bombay pt have

Answer 28

none

Question 29

what plasma ab do Bombay pt have

Answer 29

potent anti H, anti A, and anti B

Question 30

what is the location of H (FUT 1) gene

Answer 30

chromosome 19

Question 31

what is the location of Se (FUT 2) gene

Answer 31

chromosome 19

Question 32

if a person has A or B ags in their body fluids what are they considered

Answer 32

secretors

Question 33

T. or F: a secretor will have Ags in the CSF

Answer 33

F

Question 34

what kind of body fluid have secreted free oligosaccharides (secretors)

Answer 34

milk and urine

Question 35

is it more common to be a secretor or not

Answer 35

secretor

Question 36

what ags do secreters secrete

Answer 36

A, B, or H

Question 37

where are ABH glycolipids ags found

Answer 37

imbedded in cell mmb

Question 38

where are ABH glycoproteins ag found

Answer 38

secreted into exocrine fluid

Question 39

what is the basic backbone of RBC ag

Answer 39

glycolipids

Question 40

what is the precursor chain of RBC ags

Answer 40

type 2

Question 41

what is the linkage of RBC ags

Answer 41

beta 1-->4

Question 42

what is the L-fucosyltransferase of RBC ags

Answer 42

FUT 1 by H gene

Question 43

what is the basic backbone of ABO soluble substances

Answer 43

glycoproteins

Question 44

what is the precursor chain of ABO soluble substances

Answer 44

type 1

Question 45

what is the linkage of ABO soluble substances

Answer 45

beta 1 --> 3

Question 46

what is the L- fucosyltransferase of ABO soluble substances

Answer 46

FUT. 2 by. Se gene

Question 47

what blood type do Bombay pt type as

Answer 47

O

Question 48

if a Bombay pt needs a transfusion what kind of blood is given

Answer 48

bombay donor blood

Question 49

The major immunoglobulin class(es) of anti-B in a group A individual is (are):

Answer 49

IgM

Question 50

What are the possible ABO phenotypes of the offspring from the mating of a group A to a group B individual?

Answer 50

O, A, B, AB

Question 51

The immunodominant sugar responsible for blood group A specificity is:

Answer 51

N -acetylD -galactosamine.

Question 52

What ABH substance(s) would be found in the saliva of a group B secretor?

Answer 52

H and B

Question 53

anti a = 4+, anti B = 4+, anti A1 = neg, A1 cells= 2+, B cells = neg. The reactions above may be seen in a patient who is:

Answer 53

A 2 B with anti-A1

Question 54

Which of the following ABO blood groups contains the least amount of H substance?

Answer 54

A 1 B

Question 55

You are working on a specimen in the laboratory that you believe to be a Bombay phenotype. Which of the following reactions would you expect to see?

Answer 55

Patient’s cells + Ulex europaeus = no agglutination

Question 56

An example of a technical error that can result in an ABO discrepancy is:

Answer 56

Cell suspension that is too heavy.

Question 57

anti a = 4+, anti B = neg, A1 cells= 2+, B cells = 4+, O cells= 2+, autocontrol= neg. These results are most likely due to

Answer 57

Non-ABO alloantibody.

Question 58

what is the most blood subgroup

Answer 58

A

Question 59

what reagent does not always react well with anti a reagent

Answer 59

A2 cells

Question 60

what type of A subgroup is more common

Answer 60

A1

Question 61

what blood subgroup has anti A1 in sera

Answer 61

A2B (more common) and A2

Question 62

what is the phenotype of anti a= + and anti A1 = +

Answer 62

A1

Question 63

what is the phenotype of anti a= + and anti A1 = neg

Answer 63

A2

Question 64

does A1 or A2 produce more enzyme that converts H ag

Answer 64

A1

Question 65

what are the possible genotypes of A1 phenotype

Answer 65

A1A2

Question 66

what are the possible genotypes of A2 phenotype

Answer 66

A2A2 or A2O

Question 67

what subgroup do group A infants appear as

Answer 67

A2

Question 68

true or f: anti B1 exists

Answer 68

F

Question 69

what does it mean to be cis AB

Answer 69

a and b gene are on the same chromosome

Question 70

what are the parents of a cis AB child

Answer 70

AB and O

Question 71

what needs to be tested for ABO blood typing

Answer 71

RBC and plasma/serum

Question 72

what is detected for the forward type ABO typing

Answer 72

A or B ags on RBC mmb

Question 73

where do you get Anti a and anti B from

Answer 73

type O pt

Question 74

in a forward type rxn. if it is not 4+ what does this mean

Answer 74

subgroup present

Question 75

what does reverse type testing detect

Answer 75

abs to A, B, AB, or H

Question 76

t or f: reverse typing should not be preformed on children less than 6 months

Answer 76

T

Question 77

what kind of immunoglobulin are ABO abs

Answer 77

IgM

Question 78

do ABO abs cross the placenta barrier

Answer 78

no

Question 79

what blood group has the highest titers for anti a

Answer 79

type O

Question 80

at what age are ab levels fully developed

Answer 80

5 to 10 yrs

Question 81

a what age do abo titers decrease

Answer 81

greater than 65