CH.4 B

Question 1

what gives rise to undifferentiated lymphocytes

Answer 1

red bone barrow

Question 2

what cells do B and T cells come from

Answer 2

undifferentiated lymphocytes

Question 3

what is the stroma made up of in the thymus

Answer 3

epithelial cells and connective tissue

Question 4

where do T cells develop in the thymus

Answer 4

stroma

Question 5

what % of lymphs in the peripheral blood are T cells

Answer 5

60 to 80

Question 6

what is the T lymphocyte precursor

Answer 6

thymocytes

Question 7

where do early thymocytes enter the thymus

Answer 7

corticomedullary junction

Question 8

Once thymocytes enter the corticomedullary junction where do they go

Answer 8

outer cortex

Question 9

what cytokine is critical for growth and differentiation of T cells

Answer 9

interleukin 7

Question 10

what drives the T cell differentiation process

Answer 10

chemokine

Question 11

how do thymocytes develop into t cells

Answer 11

rearrangement of genes

Question 12

what is a double positive (DP) T cell

Answer 12

expresses CD 8+ and CD 4+

Question 13

what is a double negative (DN) T cell

Answer 13

does not express either CD 8+ and CD 4+

Question 14

T or F: the majority of intrathymic cells die before maturing

Answer 14

T

Question 15

there is orderly _____ rearrangement of genes coding for the T cell receptor

Answer 15

random

Question 16

what is specific about T cell maturation

Answer 16

distinct surface markers appear during diff stages

Question 17

T or F: early thymocytes have CD4 and CD8 markers

Answer 17

F

Question 18

what DNA chain on the TCR is rearranged 1st

Answer 18

beta

Question 19

are the majority of T cells DP or DN

Answer 19

DP

Question 20

what T cell receptor chains recognize Ag

Answer 20

alpha and beta

Question 21

what part of the antigen do alpha and beta recognize on Ag

Answer 21

variable regions

Question 22

how do TCR (T cell receptors) recognize different Ag

Answer 22

the alpha and beta chains get rearranged

Question 23

what chromosome is the TCR beta chain

Answer 23

7

Question 24

what region on the beta chain is rearranged 1st

Answer 24

C region

Question 25

def? only one allele on 1 chromosome is rearranged

Answer 25

allelic exclusion

Question 26

During pos selection what happens if T cells binds to self MHC

Answer 26

further differentiation

Question 27

During pos selection what happens if T cells do not bind to self MHC

Answer 27

Apoptosis

Question 28

During neg selection what happens if T cells binds to self Ag

Answer 28

apoptosis

Question 29

what causes the activation of kinase enzymes

Answer 29

T cell receptor binding with MHC

Question 30

where does positive selection of thymocytes occur

Answer 30

cortex

Question 31

what happens if DP thymocyte interact too strong/weak with thymic epithelial cells

Answer 31

Apoptosis

Question 32

T helper cells recognize what class of MHC

Answer 32

class II

Question 33

what accounts of 2/3 of peripheral T cells

Answer 33

t helper cells

Question 34

where does negative selection occur

Answer 34

medulla

Question 35

T or F: survivors of T cell selection exhibit only one type of marker

Answer 35

T

Question 36

what kind of T cells express CD 8+

Answer 36

cytotoxic T cells

Question 37

T cytotoxic cells recognize what class of MHC

Answer 37

class I

Question 38

what kind of T helper cell activate cytotoxic T lymphs and macrophages

Answer 38

Th1

Question 39

what kind of T helper cell helps B cells produce Ab

Answer 39

Th2

Question 40

what kind of t helper cell suppress immune resonse when needed

Answer 40

T regulatory cells

Question 41

what do T regulatory cells secrete

Answer 41

inhibitory cytokines

Question 42

what kind of t helper cell stimulate growth of mast cells and promote autoimmune inflammation

Answer 42

Th9

Question 43

what kind of t helper cell increase inflammation and joint destruction

Answer 43

Th17

Question 44

how long do T cells stay in the medulla

Answer 44

12 days

Question 45

where do T cells get their 1st exposure to Ag

Answer 45

secondary lymphoid organs

Question 46

how do T. cells make sure they get exposed to Ag

Answer 46

recirculate in blood stream every few hours

Question 47

what happens once a T cell is exposed to an Ag

Answer 47

they become activated

Question 48

what are the cell stages of B cell differentiation

Answer 48

Hematopoietic stem cell --> Pro B cell --> Pre- B cell --> immature B cell

Question 49

what interacts with the C kit on the pro B Cell

Answer 49

stem cell factor

Question 50

once C kit and stem cell factor interact what happens

Answer 50

DNA arrangement

Question 51

what kind of B cell precursor has mu chains in the cytoplasm and alpha and beta chains on the surface

Answer 51

pre b cell

Question 52

what kind of B cell precursor has IgM on surface

Answer 52

immature B cells

Question 53

what is B cell central tolerance

Answer 53

B cells that bind to self ag --> apoptosis

Question 54

If an immature B cell comes into contact with a blood borne pathogen what kind of B cell does it become

Answer 54

marginal zone B cell

Question 55

if an immature B cell migrate to lymph nodes or there secondary lymph organ what kind of B cell do they become

Answer 55

follicular B cell

Question 56

T or F: all types of B cells express IgM and IgD differently

Answer 56

F

Question 57

what happens once a B cell comes into contact with a Ag

Answer 57

blast transformation

Question 58

what is humoral immunity

Answer 58

plasma cell secreting Ab

Question 59

T or F: T cells only respond to ag that are attached to MHC class I or II

Answer 59

T

Question 60

what kind of cells have class I MHC

Answer 60

nucleated cells

Question 61

what part of the Ab is always the same as the parent and clone

Answer 61

variable region