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CLS 306 > CH.1 & 3 > Flashcards

CH.1 & 3 Flashcards

1
Q

what is the main function of the immune system

A

ID self and non self (pathogens)

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2
Q

what are the 2 compartments of the immune system

A

innate immune system and adaptive immune system

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3
Q

what type of immune system gets rid of pathogens

A

both innate and adaptive

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4
Q

what type of immune system is more specific

A

adaptive immune system

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5
Q

what makes the adaptive immune system more specific

A

antigen-specific receptors

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6
Q

what are the 3 parts of an immune system

A
  1. recognize pathogen
  2. an innate response
  3. an adaptive response
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7
Q

is a specific immune response slower or faster than an innate immune response

A

faster

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8
Q

is a specific immune response larger or smaller than an innate immune response

A

larger

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9
Q

skin, mucous mmb, secretions, normal flora, innate immune cells, inflammation, complement, antimicrobial substances is what type of immunity

A

innate

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10
Q

what is the 1st line of defense of immunity (5)

A

skin
mucous mmb
secretions
normal flora
tears

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11
Q

what is the 2nd line of defense of immunity (4)

A

innate immune cells,
inflammation,
complement,
antimicrobial substances

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12
Q

what is the 3rd line of defense of immunity (2)

A

B cells
T. cells

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13
Q

Specialized lymphocytes are what type of immunity

A

Adaptive immunity

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14
Q

what type of immunity has an immediate response to a pathogen

A

innate

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15
Q

what does innate immunity promote

A

phagocytosis

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16
Q

Innate immunity is the ability of the host to resist infection by means of _____ ______ body functions

A

normally present

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17
Q

does a person need prior exposure to a pathogen to have a innate response

A

no

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18
Q

true or false: innate immunity has no memory

A

true

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19
Q

Since innate immunity has no memory what kind of response does it have all pathogens

A

identical response

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20
Q

true or false: if an innate response is had with the same exposure the response will be different each time

A

F

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21
Q

what are some of the physical barriers of the innate immune system. (5)

A

skin
mucous mmb
sweat
cilia
urine

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22
Q

what are some of the phagocytic cells of the innate immune system

A

macrophages
neutrophils

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23
Q

what are some of the protective chem of the innate immune system

A

acidic pH
surface lipids

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24
Q

what are some of the enzymes of the innate immune system

A

saliva
digestive tract enzymes

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25
what are some of the serum proteins of the innate immune system
complement
26
what is the largest external defense mechanism
skin
27
def? a small protein produced by skin cells that has antibacterial effects
psoriasin
28
what chem is in sweat that helps the immune system
lactic acid
29
what innate immunity does the respiratory tract have (3)
cough mucous secretions cilia
30
what innate immunity does urine have
flushing action acidic
31
what kind of epidermal cell makes skin impermeable to most infectious agents
keratinocytes
32
what innate immunity does the stomach have
gastric acid
33
what anatomical barrier prevents a pathogen from entering the body (2)
skin mucosal mmb
34
microbiota
normal flora
35
what protein is produced in the GI tract to kill bacteria
colicins
36
what kind of innate immune system cell is most effective antigen presenting cell
dendritic cell
37
what reactants enhances phagocytosis
acute phase reactants
38
how does the immune system distinguish between good and bad bacteria
pathogen recognition receptors
39
when are pathogen recognition receptors able to recognize pathogens
after they get through the 1st line of defense
40
what does pathogen recognition receptors bind together
pathogen and phagocytic cells
41
what common structural element do toll like receptors have
leucine rich repeats
42
how do pathogen recognition receptors ID self from non self
pathogen associated molecular patterns (PAMPS)
43
what cells are pathogen recognition receptors found most of the time
on macrophages and neutrophils
44
what produces acute phase reactants
hepatocytes
45
what kind of protein increases with infection
C-reative protein SED
46
what kind of inflammation causes C reactive protein to increase
acute
47
what kind of inflammation causes high sensitivity C reactive protein to increase
chronic
48
what are the 4 cardinal signs of inflammation
redness swelling heat pain
49
what are the primary cell involved in acute inflammation
Neutrophil
50
how long does neutrophil emigration last for acute inflammation
24 to 48 hrs
51
the number of neutrophils are proportional to what in acute inflammation
level of chemotactic factors
52
what cell comes after neutrophils in acute inflammation
macrophages
53
how long does macrophage migration last in acute inflammation
16 to 48 hrs
54
what does chronic inflammation cause
tissue damage loss of function
55
what is the most widely monitored of the acute phase reactants
C reactive protein
56
what is the best indicator of acute inflammation
C reactive protein
57
what are the 4 main steps of phagocytosis
1. physical contact between white cell and foreign particle 2. formation of phagosome 3. fusion with cytoplasmic granules to form a phagolysosome 4. digestion and release of debris
58
True or False: phagocytosis is non specific
T
59
where do resting cells that engage in phagocytosis get their energy
anaerobic bacteria
60
what changes NADP to NADPH during phagocytosis
HMP shunt
61
def? messengers that attract PMN to site of inflammation
chemotaxins
62
what serum proteins attach to a foreign substance for phagocytosis
opsonins
63
what kind of cell plays a role in allergic rxns
basophils
64
what cells do you find in both innate and adaptive immunity
T cell natural killer T. cell
65
what is the 1st line of defense against virally. infected cells and tumor cells
natural killer cells
66
True or false: natural killer cells need prior exposure in order to recognize cells
F
67
when does natural killer cells activity peak
3 days
68
does a natural killer cell kill a cell if it has class I MHC protein
no
69
true or false: tumor and diseased cells do not produce MHC proteins
T
70
besides MHC proteins what can NK cells also attach to, to kill a cell
antibody
71
what part of the NK cell binds to the antibody
CD16 receptor
72
if lymphocytes increase what kind of infection is there
viral
73
what are the primary lymphoid organs
bone marrow and thymus
74
what kind of lymphocytes are developed in the thymus
T cells
75
what kind of lymphocytes are developed in the bone marrow
B cell
76
what is one of the largest tissues in the body
bone marrow
77
what kind of bone does bone marrow fill
long flat bones
78
what primary lymphoid organ develop NK cells
bone marrow
79
where in the body is the thymus found
thorax
80
what do B lymphocytes produce
Ab
81
T or F: T and B lymphocytes do not recirculate to the secondary lymphoid organs
F
82
what kind of cell is large and granular
NK cell
83
what kind of immunity has NK cells
both innate and adaptive
84
what are the secondary lymphoid organs
spleen, lymph nodes, cutaneous associated lymphoid tissue, and mucosal associated lymphoid tissue (MALT)
85
what does the spleen filter
Ag in blood
86
what does the lymphatic system filter
fluid from the tissues
87
what do you call lymphocytes that have not seen an Ag yet
antigen independent
88
where do antigen independent cells get activated
secondary lymphoid organs
89
what happens if antigen independent cells do NOT get activated in a few days
they die
90
T or F: T lymphocytes start in the bone marrow and then go to the thymus to achieve full maturity
T
91
what protein drives T cell maturation
chemokines
92
if a T cell has a CD3+ marker what kind of T cell is it
mature T cell
93
if a T cell has a CD3+ and CD4+ marker what kind of T cell is it
mature helper T cell
94
if a T cell has a CD3+ or CD8+ marker what kind of T cell is it
mature cytotoxic T cell
95
what occurs in the secondary lymphoid organs to T and B cells
contact with foreign Ag
96
where does lymphopoeisis occur
secondary organs
97
what gives rise to memory cells
Ag dependent maturation
98
how are lymphocytes segregated in secondary lymphoid organs
functions
99
what part of the spleen destroys RBC
red pulp
100
how is the germinal center in the spleen stimulated
Ag
101
once a primary follicle is activated what is it called
germinal center
102
what lymphoid tissue is around the arterioles in the spleen
white pulp
103
what traps Ag in white pulp
dendritic cells
104
what controls the circulation of lymphatic fluid
cytokines
105
what is in the outer most layer of lymph nodes that help capture Ag
follicular dendritic cells
106
Fluid from what part of the body is drained in the right lymphatic duct
right upper arm and the right side of the head and thorax
107
Fluid from what part of the body is drained in the thoracic duct
everywhere except right upper arm and the right side of the head and thorax
108
what makes the sinus a good place for phagocytosis
it is lined with macrophages
109
where do lymphocytes and any foreign Ag enter the lymph nodes
afferent lymphatic vessels
110
what do germinal centers form after they are activated
plasma cells and memory cells
111
Besides the afferent lymphatic vessel where can lymphocytes enter the the lymph nodes
bloodstream
112
where does fluid and lymphocytes exit the lymph nodes
efferent lymph vessels
113
where in the lymph node do T cells concentrate
paracortical area
114
where are B cells found in the lymph node
primary follicle and germinal center
115
where can blood borne lymphocytes enter the lymph node parenchyma
high endothelial venules
116
what kind of lymphoid tissue are tonsils and appendix
secondary
117
where in the body do you find MALT
gastrointestinal, respiratory, and urogenital tract
118
what kind of lyphoid tissue are peyer's patches
MALT
119
where do you find Peyer's patches
lower ileum

CLS 306 (19 decks)

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