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CH.2 Flashcards

1
Q

what are immunogens

A

antigens

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2
Q

do older individuals have an increased or decreased immune response

A

decreased

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3
Q

what is a disadvantage of neonates immune response

A

they are not fully developed

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4
Q

what do malnutrition, fatigue, and stress effect in the body

A

immune response

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5
Q

true or false: depending on how the Ag gets into the body determines the amount of immune response

A

T

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6
Q

The ____ the amount of Ag exposed, the greater the immune response

A

larger

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7
Q

what happens if there is very large dose of Ag

A

tolerance

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8
Q

what kind of molecules are Ag

A

macromolecules

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9
Q

if Ag trigger Antibodies or sensitized T cells what kind of immune response will be triggered

A

adaptive

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10
Q

what makes an antigen more successful

A

more taxonomically different

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11
Q

are proteins/aa or carbohydrates less immunogenetic

A

carbohydrates

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12
Q

what kind of protein structure makes a better Ag

A

quaternary structure

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13
Q

what do Ag interact with

A

Ab or sensitized T cells

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14
Q

def? a small part of the antigen that is recognized in a immune response

A

epitope

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15
Q

what cells recognize epitopes

A

B or T. lymphocytes

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16
Q

T or F: molecules can not have more than 1 epitope

A

F

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17
Q

what shape are linear epitopes

A

sequential

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18
Q

what binds to an epitope

A

Ab or T cell

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19
Q

what are epitopes components of

A

cell wall

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20
Q

what is triggered if cross linking surface Ag molecules occurs

A

B cell activation

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21
Q

T or F: B cells can recognize any structure if the Ag if it is a protein

22
Q

what occurs when Ab molecules crosslink

A

agglutination

23
Q

what has to happen in order for a T cell to recognize an Ag

A

it must be broken down into small peptides

24
Q

what breaks down Ag into small peptides

A

antigen presenting cell

25
what do haptens have to be combined with to create an immune response
carrier molecule
26
when can a hapten create an immune response if at all
once Ab production is initiated
27
when does a hapten create an agglutination reaction
when they are bound to carrier molecules
28
what causes hapten and carrier molecules to make an agglutination rxn
lattice formation
29
def? substance administered with an immunogenicity to increase the immune response
adjuvant
30
how do adjuvants increase the immune response
attracts a large number of immune system cells to the injection site
31
how do target antigen presenting cells (APC) reduce the need for booster shots
they. keep the Ag from degradation
32
what are the only adjuvants approved for clinical use in the US
aluminum salts
33
adjuvants _____ the effective size of the Ag and by ____ the # of macrophages
increasing, increasing
34
what kind of Ag are ones that belong to the host
autoantigens
35
T or F: autoantigens do not evoke an immune response
T
36
what kind of Ag are ones that are from other members of the host's species
alloantigens
37
what kind of Ag are ones that are from other species other than the host
heteroantigens
38
what kind of Ag are ones that cross react with another
heterophile
39
what is the main function of MHC
bring Ag to the cell surface for recognition
40
what recognizes Ag on cell surfaces
T Cells
41
what is the MCH protein in humans
HLA
42
T or F: all nucleated cells have MHC
T
43
T or F: everybody has the same MHC molecules
F
44
what plays a pivotal role in human survivial
different forms of MHC
45
what chromosome are genes coding for the MHC molecules in humans
6
46
what genes on chromosome 6 are involved in Ag recognition
Class I and II
47
why. is there a possibility of 2 different alleles for gene 6
inherit one from mom and one from dad
48
def? MHC genes are closely linked
haplotype
49
what kind of testing can you use the polymorphism of MHC
organ donation and paternity testing
50
Class I MHC molecules are expressed highest on ___
lymphocytes
51
function of TAP 1 and TAP2
transport peptides from cytoplasm to the ER
52
function of invariant chain
makes sure only Ag binds

CLS 306 (19 decks)

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