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Adaptation to Pregnancy for Concepts Flashcards

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0
Q

What is the capacity increase of the uterus?

A

10 mL to 5 L

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1
Q

Weight increase for uterus in pregnancy

A

From 2 oz. to 2.2 lbs.

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2
Q

What happens to the uterine wall in the first half of pregnancy?

A

Thickens

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3
Q

What causes the uterine wall to thicken?

A

Estrogen

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4
Q

When do you start experiencing Braxton-Hicks?

A

4 months on

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5
Q

What happens to the mucous lining of the cervix?

A

It thickens

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6
Q

Proliferation of glands near the external os

A

Mucous plug

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7
Q

What happens to the cervix during pregnancy?

A

Shorter, softer, more elastic, and larger in diameter

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8
Q

What causes the cervix to become shorter, softer, more elastic and larger in diameter?

A

Estrogen

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9
Q

What sign is it when cervix becomes bluish in color because of an increase blood supply?

A

Chadwick’s

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10
Q

Lump or softening of uterus probably where the implantation occurred

A

Hegar’s sign

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11
Q

What causes mucosa to thicken and connective tissue to loosen in the vagina?

A

Progesterone

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12
Q

What happens to the pH in the vagina and why?

A

More acidic to decrease growth of bacteria

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13
Q

What produces milk?

A

Acini

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14
Q

What hormone tells the breasts to make milk?

A

hPL

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15
Q

Breasts grow because of…

A

Estrogen

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16
Q

Glands of the breasts are changed by…

A

Progesterone

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17
Q

First milk but not true milk

A

Colostrum

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18
Q

When do you start to make colostrum?

A

By the third month

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19
Q

Secrete lubricant to keep nipple supple for baby

A

Montgomery tubercles

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20
Q

What happens to oxygen consumption?

A

Goes up 15%

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21
Q

What happens to airway resistance?

A

It is lowered

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22
Q

Switch from abdominal to what kind of breathing?

A

Thoracic

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23
Q

Mucous lining of the nose thickens causing?

A

Nasal stuffiness

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24
What happens to the blood volume in pregnancy?
Increases 30-50% (hypervolemic)
25
What is the RBC range?
38-42%
26
What do RBC have to drop below to be truly anemic?
34%
27
What is the hemoglobin cut off to true anemia?
11 mg/dL
28
What hormone maintains pregnancy?
Progesterone
29
What hormone makes things grow?
Estrogen
30
Plasma volume increase is greater than RBC increase
Dilution anemia of pregnancy
31
Easier to make clots
Hypercoaguable
32
What happens to WBC's?
Increase
33
What is the normal WBC count and the pregnancy count?
Normal: 5,000-11,000 Pregnancy: 12,000-15,000
34
What is the WBC count postnatal?
25,000
35
What happens to the cardiac output and HR?
Increase
36
What happens to the BP in the second trimester?
Goes down
37
Why does BP go down in second trimester?
Arterial tree relaxes because of progesterone
38
What are two signs of preeclampsia?
Hypertension and protein in the urine
39
What causes decreased intestinal tone and motility?
Progesterone
40
What does peristaltic action slowing in the GI tract benefit?
Increased nutrient consumption
41
What happens to salivary pH and why can this be bad?
More acidic and can cause periodontal disease
42
How long does morning sickness usually last?
First 12 weeks
43
What hormone makes you nauseated?
HcG
44
What happens to gall bladder emptying and what can this cause?
It slows causing gall stones
45
How much does glomelular filtration rate increase?
50%
46
What happens to urea and creatinine?
Levels go down
47
What happens to renal threshold for glucose and where can you see this?
It diminishes and can be seen in the urine
48
What happens to the ureters during pregnancy?
They become floppy increasing the risk for UTI
49
Which ureter is usually more problematic?
Right
50
What is the #1 cause of preterm labor?
Asymptomatic UTI
51
What happens to hair and nail growth?
They slow
52
What happens to subdermal fat?
Increases
53
What hormone causes changes in pigmentation?
Melanocyte stimulating hormone
54
Pink palms
Palmar erythema
55
What is caused by decreased connective tissue strength and elevated adrenal steroids?
Striae
56
Lumbar curve in late pregnancy
Lordosis
57
How does the pelvis rotate?
Forward and downward
58
Separation of the abdominal muscles
Diastisis recti
59
Who is most at risk for diastisis recti?
Young, thin, undernourished women
60
Are presumptive signs objective or subjective?
Subjective
61
Are probable signs objective or subjective?
Objective
62
Mother's perceptions of fetal movements
Quickening
63
When does quickening occur?
16-18 weeks
64
When do you begin to worry if there is no quickening?
20 weeks
65
What method says your abdomen increases 1cm/wk?
McDonald's method
66
Where is fundus palpable at from 10-12 weeks?
Just above the symphysis pubis
67
Where is fundus palpable at from 20-24 weeks?
Level of umbilicus
68
Palpating a structure (the fetus) in fluid
Ballottement
69
What is HcG produced by?
Corpus luteum
70
When can the fetal heart beat be heard with the fetoscope?
17-20 weeks
71
When can you hear the fetal heart beat with Doppler ultrasound?
10-12 weeks
72
What is the normal fetal heart rate?
110-160 BPM
73
When can you begin to feel fetal movements?
20 weeks
74
When can you see the fetal outline on an ultrasound?
6-6 1/2 weeks
75
Mother is neither happy or sad at news of pregnancy
Ambivalence
76
Mother is happy and finds pleasure in pregnancy
Acceptance
77
Mother turns in on herself
Introversion
78
Mental picture of body
Body image
79
Who invented the developmental tasks of pregnancy?
Reva Rubin
80
Which developmental task is making sure the baby and the woman herself are healthy?
Safe passage
81
How does a woman ensure safe passage?
Go to the doctor, take vitamins, change diet, stop smoking or drinking, etc.
82
Which developmental task is making sure the baby is wanted regardless of gender, race, or physical malformation?
Acceptance of child by others
83
Which developmental task is it when the mother seeks acceptance of herself as a mother?
Binding in
84
Which developmental task is suffering on behalf of the child to ensure life of the child?
Giving if oneself
85
Father is ambivalent and fantasizes about the child
Announcement phase
86
Father accepts the pregnancy
Moratorium
87
Father's role becomes more defined and prepares for child's birth and needs
Focusing phase
88
Father unintentionally develops systems of pregnancy
Couvade syndrome (mit leiden)
89
Father avoids direct involvement but watches
Observer
90
Father has strong emotional response to pregnancy
Expressive
91
Father seeks tasks (ex: building a crib)
Instrumental

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