Infections for Patho

Question 0

Microorganisms normally living in or on body

Answer 0

Microflora

Question 1

Microorganisms are multiplying in or on a host

Answer 1

Infection or colonization

Question 2

What cause disease?

Answer 2

Pathogens

Question 3

Pathogen capable of producing infection when host is weakened

Answer 3

Oppurtunistic pathogen

Question 4

Small modified infectious host proteins

Answer 4

Prions

Question 5

Manner of replication of prions

Answer 5

Not clearly known or understood

Question 6

Where do bacteria like to grow?

Answer 6

Warm moist places

Question 7

What stage is active replication without recognizable symptoms in host?

Answer 7

Incubation

Question 8

Stage with initial appearance of symptoms most commonly malaise

Answer 8

Prodromal

Question 9

When are you most highly infectious?

Answer 9

Prodromal stage

Question 10

What stage is the maximum impact of infectious process with rapid proliferation and dissemination of pathogen

Answer 10

Acute

Question 11

Stage where there is containment if the infection, elimination of pathogen, repair of danger tissue, and resolution of symptoms

Answer 11

Convalescent

Question 12

What stage is total elimination of pathogen and no S/S of disease?

Answer 12

Resolution

Question 13

When are you not infectious anymore?

Answer 13

Resolution stage

Question 14

-itis

Answer 14

Inflammation

Question 15

-emia

Answer 15

In the blood

Question 16

Bacterial toxins in the blood

Answer 16

Sepsis or septicemia

Question 17

Make an infection more likely to cause disease

Answer 17

Virulence factor

Question 18

Exotoxins

Answer 18

Outside

Question 19

Endotoxins

Answer 19

Inside

Question 20

Help infective organism stick to body

Answer 20

Adhesion factor

Question 21

Help keep immune system from killing infective agent

Answer 21

Evasive factor

Question 22

After exposure to an infectious agent the body produces antibodies

Answer 22

Serology

Question 23

Antibody that rises during the acute phase then falls

Answer 23

IgM

Question 24

Antibody that remains elevated after the acute phase

Answer 24

IgG

Question 25

What is the genetic material of viruses?

Answer 25

DNA or RNA but not both

Question 26

What do viruses need to replicate and why?

Answer 26

Host cell because they have no metabolic capability

Question 27

What happens when a host cell is "transformed"?

Answer 27

It carries the virus

Question 28

What is a virus responsive to that makes it become active?

Answer 28

Stress or hormonal changes

Question 29

What are the effects of viruses?

Answer 29

Protein synthesis stops, enzymes kills cells, host cells fuse, secondary bacterial infections

Question 30

Where is HSV type 1 located?

Answer 30

Above the belt

Question 31

Where is HSV type 2 located?

Answer 31

Below the belt

Question 32

Inflammation of the dorsal root ganglia

Answer 32

Shingles

Question 33

What are the 3 ways antivirals work?

Answer 33

Interfere with nucleic acid synthesis, do not allow binding of cells to virus, and stimulate the body's immune system

Question 34

Used to treat HSV, HSV 2, and varicella zoster

Answer 34

Acyclovir

Question 35

How is acyclovir most commonly administered?

Answer 35

Topical

Question 36

Does acyclovir cure the illnesses?

Answer 36

No it decreases the length of them

Question 37

What is a risk of giving acyclovir with AZT?

Answer 37

Neurotoxicity

Question 38

Used for treatment of HIV

Answer 38

Zidovudine

Question 39

How does zidovudine work?

Answer 39

Inhibits reverse transcriptase for replication

Question 40

What is an important SE of zidovudine?

Answer 40

Bone marrow suppression

Question 41

Drugs that reduce the duration of influenza A and B

Answer 41

Tamiflu and Relenza

Question 42

When should you start Tamiflu and Relenza?

Answer 42

Within 2 days of first symptoms

Question 43

When should you not give antivirals?

Answer 43

If patient has herpes zoster or is immunosuppressed

Question 44

One celled organisms with no true nucleus

Answer 44

Bacteria

Question 45

Released when the bacterial cell wall decomposes

Answer 45

Endotoxins

Question 46

Released during cell growth

Answer 46

Exotoxins

Question 47

Why are endotoxins pyrogenic?

Answer 47

Due to lysis of bacteria

Question 48

Bacteria requires oxygen

Answer 48

Aerobic

Question 49

Bacteria doesn't require oxygen

Answer 49

Anaerobic

Question 50

Bacteria in blood

Answer 50

Septicemia

Question 51

How is TB transmitted?

Answer 51

Droplet

Question 52

What is the usual protocol for TB treatments?

Answer 52

Drug susceptibility tests, start 4-drug regimen, adjust after susceptibility test results

Question 53

What is a must in TB treatments?

Answer 53

Patient compliance

Question 54

How long is TB treatment?

Answer 54

6 months

Question 55

What TB drug inhibits protein synthesis?

Answer 55

Rifampin

Question 56

What TB drug inhibits cell wall synthesis?

Answer 56

Isoniazid

Question 57

When giving isoniazid what is it important to monitor?

Answer 57

Liver

Question 58

What is a SE of rifampin?

Answer 58

Bodily secretions turn red-orange/brown

Question 59

When do you take TB meds?

Answer 59

With meals

Question 60

Infection caused by fungus

Answer 60

Mycosis

Question 61

Mycotic infection that affects lungs

Answer 61

Blastomycosis

Question 62

What are examples of mycotic cutaneous infections?

Answer 62

Candidias, dermatophytes, and tinea

Question 63

Med for systemic mycoses

Answer 63

Amphotericin B

Question 64

What can amphotericin B do to potassium levels?

Answer 64

Decrease them

Question 65

What drug do you use caution with when giving amphotericin B?

Answer 65

Digoxin

Question 66

What is a bad side effect of amphotericin B?

Answer 66

Nephrotoxic

Question 67

What other drug can you give besides amphotericin B and why would you?

Answer 67

Fluconazole because it has less SE

Question 68

What can fluconazole increase?

Answer 68

Anticoagulant effects and phenytoin levels

Question 69

How do fungi reproduce?

Answer 69

Division

Question 70

What are the two classifications of fungi?

Answer 70

Yeasts and molds

Question 71

Single celled or multi celled organisms

Answer 71

Parasites