Anatomy 3 test 1 Flashcards
(825 cards)
1
Q
What is the upper limb?
A
Upper limb is the most movable part for a human being.
2
Q
Upper limb
4 parts
A
shoulder
arm
forearm
hand
3
Q
between the shoulder and arm
A
connection shoulder
4
Q
between arm and forearm
A
elbow
5
Q
between forearm and hand
A
wrist
6
Q
shoulder
3 parts
A
pectoral region
scapular region
lateral superscapular region
7
Q
hand
3 parts
A
palm
dorsum
fingers
8
Q
pectoral (shoulder) girdle
bones
A
scapula
clavicle
9
Q
forearm bones
A
ulna
radius
10
Q
arm bone
A
humerous
11
Q
hand bones
A
carpus
metacarpus
phalanges
12
Q
joints
connection shoulder
A
glenohumeral joint
13
Q
joints
elbow
A
elbow joint
proximal radioulnar joint
14
Q
joint
wrist
A
wrist joint
distal radioulnar joint
15
Q
Similarities between upper and lower limbs
Bony Girdle
A
upper=pectoral girdle and free part
lower=pelvic girdle and free part
16
Q
Axial bones
A
bones of head
bones of neck
bones of trunk
17
Q
superior appendicular bone
A
pectoral girdle + free part
18
Q
inferior appendicular bone
A
pelvic girdle + free part
19
Q
pectoral girdle connects to
A
manubrium
20
Q
pelvic girdle connects to
A
sacrum
21
Q
proximal to distal
number of bones
A
increasing
22
Q
proximal to distal
size of bones
A
decreasing
23
Q
most proximal upper limb bone
A
humerous
24
Q
most proximal lower limb bone
A
femur
25
2nd proximal lower limb bone
tibia and fibula
26
2nd proximal upper limb bone
radius and ulna
27
number of wrist bones
8
28
number of ankle bones
7
29
hand # of metacarpals
5
30
foot # of metatarsals
5
31
phalanges of hand
14
32
phalanges of foot
14
33
the iliac bones connect to the sacrum in a ____ but less ______ way than the connection between the pectoral girdle to manubrium
strong: movable
34
The scapulas of both sides don't ______ but are _______.
connect: move
35
The iliac bones do _______ but are _______.
connect; immovable
36
The radius and ulna both articulate with the _______
humerous
37
What phalanges are most movable?
hand
38
Upper limb is _______; whereas the lower limb is _______.
flexable: stronger
39
The joint between the superior appendicular skeleton and axial skeleton is?
sternoclavicular joint
40
shoulder fixing muscles
axioappendicular muscles
41
Clavicle
| parts
shaft
medial (sternal) end
lateral (acromial) end
42
Clavicle
| enlarged end
medial
43
Clavicle
flat end
lateral
44
Clavicle
| medial end articulates
manubrum
| SC joint
45
Clavicle
| lateral articulation
```
acromion of the scapula
Acromioclavicular joint (AC joint)
```
46
Clavicle
| superior surface is under
skin, subcutaneous n., platysma
47
Clavicle
| inferior surface
rough due to attachements
48
Clavicle
| conoid tubercle gives attachment
conoid ligament
49
Clavicle
| trapezoid line gives attachment to
trapezoid lig.
50
Clavicle
| What are the inferior ligaments know collectively?
coracoclavicular ligaments
51
Clavicle
| subclavian groove
attachment of subclavius m
52
Clavicle
| area for costoclavicular lig attachment
costoclavicular lig
53
```
Clavicle
functions (3)
```
1. Strut
2. Canal
3. Spring
54
Strut
| definition
spacer from manubrium to upper limb for range of motion
55
canal
| location
between clavicle,
scapula, and
1 st rib
Cervicoaxillary canal
56
Spring
| function
decreases shock or impact from upper limb to axial skeleton
57
Scapula
| location
posterolateral aspect of the thorax
58
Scapula
| 4 fossas
supraspinous
infraspinous
subscapular
glenoid fossas
59
Scapula
| 2 angles
superior
| inferior
60
Scapula
| 3 borders
medial (vertebral)
lateral (axillary)
superior
61
Scapula
| 1 distinct feature
spine
62
Scapula
| 1 distinct feature of the spine
crest of spine
63
Scapula
| 2 processes
acromion
| coracoid
64
Scapula
| 2 notches
suprascapular notch/ suprascapular foramen
| spinoglenoid notch
65
Scapula
| 2 tubercles
supraglenoid tubercle
| infraglenoid tubercle
66
Scapula
| Glenoid fossa=
Glenoid cavity
67
The glenohumeral goint is the connection of
head of the humerous
| glenoid cavity/ fossa
68
Scapula
| flat expansion of the spine
acromion process
69
Scapula
| Coracoid process provides attachment for
coracoiclavicular ligaments
70
Scapula
| Suprascapular notch location
lateral third of superior border
71
Scapula
| suprascapular notch crossed by a lig=
suprascapular foramen
72
Scapula
| movement on thoracic wall by "imaginary joint"
scapulothoracic joint
73
Humerous
description
non-specific
largest bone in upper limb
74
Humerous
| articulation
superior-scapula at glenohumeral joint
| inferior-radius and ulna at elbow
75
```
Humerous
superior portion (1)
```
head
76
Humerous
| tuberosity 1
deltiod tuberosity
77
Humerous
| 1 _______ and 1______
capitulum
| trochlea
78
Humerous
| 2 necks
anatomical
| surgical
79
Humerous
| 2 tubercles
greater
| lesser
80
Humerous
| 2 grooves
intertubecular groove
| spiral (radial) groove
81
Humerous
| 2 crests
crest of greater tubercle
| crest of lesser tubercle
82
Humerous
| 2 epicondyles
medial
| lateral
83
Humerous
| 2 supracondylar ridges
medial
| lateral
84
Humerous
| 3 surfaces
anteromedial
anterolateral
posterior
85
Humerous
| 3 fossas
radial
coronoid
olecranon
86
Humerous
| head shape
half-round
87
Humerous
| deltoid tuberosity attaches
deltoid m
88
Humerous
| capitulum=
joint surface for head of radius
89
Humerous
| trochlea=
joint surface for trochlear notch of ulna
90
Humerous
| anatomical neck attaches
capsule of glenohumeral joint
91
Humerous
| easy fracture point
surgical neck
92
Humerous
| intertubercular groove is for
tendon of biceps m.
93
Humerous
| spiral (radial) groove is for
radial n.
| deep artery of the arm
94
Humerous
| spiral (radial ) groove two side attachments
medial head
lateral head
triceps brachii
95
Humerous
| radial fossa holds
head of radius
96
Humerous
| coronoid fossa holds
coronoid process
97
Humerous
| place for recieving the olecronon during full extension of elbow
olecranon fossa
98
Ulna
| non-specific description
located medially
| longer of the two forearm bones
99
Ulna
| specialized for
articulation with humerous
100
Ulna
features
1 of what structures
head
supinator fossa
styloid process of ulna
ulnar tuberosity
101
Ulna
| 2 processes
olecranon
| coronoid
102
Ulna
| 2 notches
troclear
| radial
103
Ulna
| 3 borders
anterior
posterior
interosseous
104
Ulna
| 3 surfaces
anterior
posterior
medial
105
Ulna
supinator crest
location and attachment
under radial crest
| supinator m.
106
Ulna
supinator fossa
attachment
supinator m.
107
Ulna
ulnar tuberosity
attachment
brachialis m.
108
Ulna
| olecrenon process and coronoid process belong to
trochlear notch
109
Ulna
olecrenon process and coronoid process
act like
jaws of a wrench to hold trochlea of humerus
110
Ulna
| olecrenon process and coronoid process and ulnar tuberosity allow
elbow joint to do flexion and extension
111
Ulna
| radial notch recieves
head of the radius
112
Ulna
styloid process
location
head of ulna
113
Ulna
| does not reach inferiorly
wrist joint (radiocarpal joint)
114
Radius
| non-specific description
lateral
| shorter of the two forarm bones
115
Radius
| specialized for
articulation with carpal bones
116
Radius
features
1 of each (6 structures)
```
head
neck
radial tuberosity
anterior oblique line
ulnar notch
styloid process of radius
```
117
Radius
| 2 areas for articulation
scaphoid articulation area
| lunate articulation area
118
Radius
| 3 borders
anterior
posterior
interosseous (medial)
119
Radius
| 3 surfaces
anterior
posterior
lateral
120
Radius
head
shape and articulation
concave
1. capitulum of humerus
2. radial notch of ulna
121
Radius
| Styloid process= _____than styloid process of ulna
longer
122
Radius
ulnar notch
shape and articulation
concavity
| head of ulna
123
Carpals
| number
8
124
Carpals
| proximal row
scaphoid
lunate
triquetrum
pisiform
125
Carpals
| distal row
trapezium
trapezoid
capitate
hamate w/ hook of hamate
126
Carpals
| Scaphoid shape
boat
127
Carpals
| lunate shape
moon
128
Carpals
| triquetrum shape
pyramidal
129
Carpals
| pisiform shape
small, pea shaped
130
Carpals
| trapezium shape
four sided
131
Carpals
| trapezoid shape
wedge
132
Carpals
| capitate shape
largest
| head shaped
133
Carpals
| hamate shape
wedge
| with a hook called hook of hamate
134
Carpals
| proximal row articulates
proximal-radius
| distal-proximal surface of distal row
135
Carpals
| distal row articulates
proximal-distal surface of proximal row
| distal- metacarpals
136
Metacarpals
| number
5
137
Metacarpals
| features
base,
shaft,
head
138
Metacarpals
| articulates
carpal bones
| proximal phalanges
139
Metacarpals
articulates
forms
knuckles at phalange joint
140
Phalanges
| number of bones per digit
3
proximal
middle
distal
141
Phalanges
| exception
1st digit
142
Phalanges
| smaller from
proximal to distal
143
Phalanges
| structures
base
head
shaft
144
Phalanges
| distal end becomes
flat
145
Superficial structure from superficial to deep
skin
subcutanreous tissue (fascia)
deep fascia
muscle
146
Deep fascia of upper limb
| function
invest and seperate the muscles
147
Deep fascia of upper limb
pectoral fascia
attachments
clavicle and sternum
148
Deep fascia of upper limb
pectoral fascia
covers
pectoralis major
149
Deep fascia of upper limb
Clavipectoral fascia
attachments
sup-clavicle
| inferior-axillary fascia
150
Deep fascia of upper limb
Clavipectoral fascia
covers
subclavian m
| pectoralis minor
151
Deep fascia of upper limb
Clavipectoral fascia
divisions
costocoracoid fascia
| suspensory ligament of the axilla
152
Deep fascia of upper limb
Clavipectoral fascia
costocoracoid fascia
location
between pectoralis minor and
| subclavius m
153
Deep fascia of upper limb
Clavipectoral fascia
suspensory ligament of the axilla
location
below pectoralis minor
| connecting with axillary fascia
154
Deep fascia of upper limb
Axillary fascia
connects and covers
with pectoralis major m
| covers axilla
155
Deep fascia of upper limb
Deltoid fascia
covers
deltoid m.
acromion
scapular spine
156
Deep fascia of upper limb
deltoid fascia
continuous with
pectoral fascia anteriorly
| infraspinous fascia posteriorly
157
Deep fascia of upper limb
supraspinous fascia
infraspinous fascia
covers
supra-supraspinatus m.
| infra-infraspinatus m
158
Deep fascia of upper limb
Brachial fascia
covers and continuous with
arm (like a sleeve)
continuous with
deltoid fascia
pectoral fascia
axillary fascia superiorly
antebrachial fascia- inferiorly
159
Deep fascia of upper limb
Brachial fascia
attaches
epicondyles of the humerus
| olecrenon of ulna
160
Deep fascia of upper limb
Medial and Lateral intermuscular septa
origin-insertion
origin-brachial fascia
| insertion- two epicondylar ridges of humerus
161
Deep fascia of upper limb
Medial and Lateral intermuscular septa
divides arm into
anterior (flexor) fascial compartment
posterior (extensor) fascial compartment
162
Deep fascia of upper limb
Antebrachial fascia
encloses
muscles of the forearm
163
Deep fascia of upper limb
extensor retinaculum
location
posteriorly on the distal part of the forearm
164
Deep fascia of upper limb
palmer carpal ligament
location
anteriorly on the distal part of the forearm
165
Deep fascia of upper limb
flexor retinaculum (transverse carpal ligament)
location
anterior and deep to the palmer carpal lig.
166
Deep fascia of upper limb
palmar fascia
2 parts
palmar aponeurosis
superficial transverse metacarpal ligament
167
Deep fascia of upper limb
palmar fascia
central part
palmar aponeurosis
168
Deep fascia of upper limb
palmar fascia
continuous with tendon of palmaris longus m.
palmar aponeurosis
169
Deep fascia of upper limb
palmar fascia
distal part of palmar aponeurosis
fibrous (tendon) sheaths of the digits
170
Deep fascia of upper limb
palmar fascia
what crosses the sheaths of the digits
Superficial transverse metacarpal ligament
171
Cutaneous Nerves of the Upper Limb
| Suprascapular nerves
(C3,C4)
172
Cutaneous Nerves of the Upper Limb
Superclavicular nn
supplies
clavicle
| superolateral aspect of pectoralis major m area
173
Cutaneous Nerves of the Upper Limb
| posterior cutaneous nerve of the arm
(C5-C8)
174
Cutaneous Nerves of the Upper Limb
posterior cutaneous nerve of the arm
supplies
posterior skin of arm
175
Cutaneous Nerves of the Upper Limb
posterior cutaneous nerve of the arm
branch of
radial n
176
Cutaneous Nerves of the Upper Limb
| posterior cutaneous nerve of the forearm
(C5-C8)
177
Cutaneous Nerves of the Upper Limb
posterior cutaneous nerve of the forearm
supplies
posterior skin of the forearm
178
Cutaneous Nerves of the Upper Limb
posterior cutaneous nerve of the forearm
branch of
radial n
179
Cutaneous Nerves of the Upper Limb
| superior lateral cutaneous nerve of the arm
(C5-C6)
180
Cutaneous Nerves of the Upper Limb
superior lateral cutaneous nerve of the arm
supplies
deltoid skin
181
Cutaneous Nerves of the Upper Limb
superior lateral cutaneous nerve of the arm
branch of
terminal branch of axillary
182
Cutaneous Nerves of the Upper Limb
| inferior lateral cutaneous nerve of the arm
(C5-C6)
183
Cutaneous Nerves of the Upper Limb
inferior lateral cutaneous nerve of the arm
supplies
inferolateral of arm
184
Cutaneous Nerves of the Upper Limb
inferior lateral cutaneous nerve of the arm
branch of
radial n.
185
Cutaneous Nerves of the Upper Limb
| lateral cutaneous nerve of the forearm
(C6-C7)
186
Cutaneous Nerves of the Upper Limb
lateral cutaneous nerve of the forearm
supplies
lateral skin of forearm
187
Cutaneous Nerves of the Upper Limb
lateral cutaneous nerve of the forearm
branch of
musculocutaneous n
188
Cutaneous Nerves of the Upper Limb
| medial cutaneous nerve of the arm
(C8-T2)
189
Cutaneous Nerves of the Upper Limb
medial cutaneous nerve of the arm
supplies
medial skin of the arm
190
Cutaneous Nerves of the Upper Limb
medial cutaneous nerve of the arm
branch of
medial cord of the brachial plexus
191
Cutaneous Nerves of the Upper Limb
| intercostobrachial N
(T2)
192
Cutaneous Nerves of the Upper Limb
intercostobrachial N
supplies
medial skin of arm
193
Cutaneous Nerves of the Upper Limb
intercostobrachial N
branch of
2nd intercostal n
194
Cutaneous Nerves of the Upper Limb
| Medial cutaneous n of the forearm
(C8-T1)
195
Cutaneous Nerves of the Upper Limb
Medial cutaneous n of the forearm
supplies
anterior and medial skin of the forearm
196
Cutaneous Nerves of the Upper Limb
Medial cutaneous n of the forearm
branch of
medial cord of brachial plexus
197
Dermatome
| Forester
cutaneous distribution by anatomical finding and clinical
198
Dermatome
| Keegan and Garrett
development of cutaneous nerves
199
Superficial Veins of the Upper Limb
| Main veins
cephalic
| basilic
200
Superficial Veins of the Upper Limb
Main veins
origin
dorsal veinous network
201
Superficial Veins of the Upper Limb
dorsal venous network
location
dorsum of the hand
202
Superficial Veins of the Upper Limb
Cephalic vein
begins and travels where
dorsum of the hand
up the lateral side of the elbow
203
Superficial Veins of the Upper Limb
Cephalic vein
connects with
median cubical vein
204
Superficial Veins of the Upper Limb
median cubical vein
travels and joins
across the cubital fossa
joins the basilic vein
205
Where is the deltopectoral groove?
between the deltoid and pectoralis major
206
Superficial Veins of the Upper Limb
Cephalic vein trunk
travels from the basilic vein to
deltopectoral groove
| clivipectoral triangle
207
Superficial Veins of the Upper Limb
Cephalic vein trunk
peirces
into costocoracoid membrane (fascia) to join the axillary vein
208
Superficial Veins of the Upper Limb
basilic vein
path
medial side of forearm
209
Superficial Veins of the Upper Limb
basilic vein
pierces
brachial fascia
210
Superficial Veins of the Upper Limb
basilic vein
runs parallel with
brachial artery
211
Superficial Lymphatic drainage of the Upper Limb
| small lymph nodes enter into
cubital lymph nodes (medial to basilica v)
212
Superficial Lymphatic drainage of the Upper Limb
cubital lymph nodes (medial to basilica v)
terminate into
humeral (lateral) axillary lymph nodes
213
Superficial Lymphatic drainage of the Upper Limb
| accompany cephalic v.
apical axillary lymph nodes
| deltopectoral lymph nodes
214
What four muscles connect the anterior axial bones to the anterior appendicular bones?
Pectoralis major
Pectoralis Minor
subclavius m
serratia anterior m
215
What anterior axioappendicular muscles are in the deep of pectoralis major?
subcalvius
| pectoralis minor
216
anterior axioappendicular muscles
pectoralis major
covers
most of the thorax and axilla
217
anterior axioappendicular muscles
pectoralis major
two heads
clavicular
| sternocostal
218
anterior axioappendicular muscles
pectoralis major
deltopectoral groove
between pectoralis major and deltoid
219
anterior axioappendicular muscles
pectoralis major
deltopectoral triangle contains
groove
| costocoracoid membrane
220
anterior axioappendicular muscles
pectoralis major
functions
adduct the arm
rotate the arm
clavicular head independant-flex the humerus
sternocostal head independant- pull back the humerus
221
anterior axioappendicular muscles
pectoralis major
test for strength
pt. abduct arm to 90 degrees,
pt. moves anteriorly against dr. resistance
dr. palpates the clavicular head
222
anterior axioappendicular muscles
pectoralis major
innervation
lateral pectoral n (C5-C7)
medial pectoral n. (C8-T1)
223
anterior axioappendicular muscles
pectoralis major
medial pectoral n.
penetrates
pectoralis minor m.
224
anterior axioappendicular muscles
pectoralis minor
shape
triangular
225
anterior axioappendicular muscles
pectoralis minor
attaches proximal
anterior end of 3rd-5th ribs
226
anterior axioappendicular muscles
pectoralis minor
apex (distal) attachment
coracoid process of scapula
227
anterior axioappendicular muscles
pectoralis minor
functions
fix the scapula if needed to catch
lift ribs to recieve more air
works as a band to hold big nerves and vessels
228
anterior axioappendicular muscles
pectoralis minor
innervation
medial pectoral n
| C8-T1
229
anterior axioappendicular muscles
subclavius m.
shape
small, round
230
anterior axioappendicular muscles
subclavius m.
location
inferior to the clavicle w/ longitundinal position
231
anterior axioappendicular muscles
subclavius m.
attachment proximal
1st rib
232
anterior axioappendicular muscles
subclavius m.
distal attachment
middle third of clavicle
233
anterior axioappendicular muscles
subclavius m.
function
fixes clavicle if upper limb moves
protects subclevian vessels
234
anterior axioappendicular muscles
subclavius m.
innervation
nerve to subclavian m.
| C5-C6
235
anterior axioappendicular muscles
serratus anterior m
shape
broad sheet muscles
looks like a saw
serratus=saw
236
anterior axioappendicular muscles
| covers
lateral side of thorax and becomes medial all of axilla
237
anterior axioappendicular muscles
serratus anterior m
proximal attachment
1st-8th ribs
238
anterior axioappendicular muscles
serratus anterior m
distal attachment
anterior surface of the medial border of the scapula
239
anterior axioappendicular muscles
serratus anterior m
functions
protraction for scapula
rotation for scapula
fixation for scapula
240
anterior axioappendicular muscles
serratus anterior m
innervation
long thoracic n
| C5-C7
241
anterior axioappendicular muscles
serratus anterior m
clinical
injury to long thoracic n.
muscle paralysis
| scapula moves posterior and inferior away from thoracic wall
242
anterior axioappendicular muscles
serratus anterior m
deformation of scapula due to injury of long thoracis n.=
winged scapula
243
posterior axioappendicular and scapulohumeral muscles of upper limb
3 groups
1. superficial posterior axioappendicular muscles
2. deep posterior axioappendicular muscles
3. scapulohumeral muscles
244
superficial posterior axioappendicular muscles
| 2 muscles
trapezius
| latissimus dorsi
245
deep posterior axioappendicular muscles
| 3 muscles
levator scapulae
rhomboidus major
rhomboidus minor
246
scapulohumeral muscles
| 6 muscles
```
deltoid
teres major
supraspinatus
infraspinatus
teres minor
subscapularis
```
247
Rotator cuff muscles
supraspinatus
infraspinatus
teres minor
subscapularis
248
superficial posterior axioappendicular muscles
Trapezius
shape
large, triangular
249
superficial posterior axioappendicular muscles
Trapezius
covers
posterior neck
| posterior superior half of trunk
250
superficial posterior axioappendicular muscles
Trapezius
proximal attachment
superior nuchal line
EOP
nuchal lig
spinous process of C7-T12
251
superficial posterior axioappendicular muscles
Trapezius
distal attachment
lateral third of clavicle
acromion
spine of scapula
252
superficial posterior axioappendicular muscles
Trapezius
distal fibers
division
superior
middle
inferior
253
superficial posterior axioappendicular muscles
Trapezius
fiber function
superior-elevate scapula
middle- retracts the scapula
inferior- depresses the scapula
superior + inferior- rotate the scapula
254
superficial posterior axioappendicular muscles
Trapezius
innervation
Accessory N CN XI
C3-C4
255
superficial posterior axioappendicular muscles
Latissimus Dorsi
shape
large and broad triangular muscle
256
superficial posterior axioappendicular muscles
Latissimus Dorsi
covers
posterior aspect of back
257
superficial posterior axioappendicular muscles
Latissimus Dorsi
proximal attachment
spinous process of T7-T12
thoracolumbar fascia
iliac crest
inferior 3 or 4 ribs
258
superficial posterior axioappendicular muscles
Latissimus Dorsi
distal attachment
floor of the intertubercular groove of humerus
259
superficial posterior axioappendicular muscles
Latissimus Dorsi
function
extends humerus
rotates humerus medially
w/ pectoralis major---powerful adducts humerus
when climbing-raises the body
260
superficial posterior axioappendicular muscles
Latissimus Dorsi
innervation
tharcodorsal n (C6-8)
261
deep posterior axioappendicular muscles
levator scapulae
covered by
trapezius
| SCM
262
deep posterior axioappendicular muscles
levator scapulae
proximal attachment
transverse process of C1-C4
263
deep posterior axioappendicular muscles
levator scapulae
distal attachment
superior part of medial border of scapula
264
deep posterior axioappendicular muscles
levator scapulae
function
elevates the scapula in combo with sup. trapezius
rotates the scapula in combo with rhomboid minor and pectoralis minor
extends the neck bilaterally
265
deep posterior axioappendicular muscles
levator scapulae
innervation
dorsal scapular n. C5
| Cervical n. C3-4
266
deep posterior axioappendicular muscles
rhomboieus major
deep to
trapezius
267
deep posterior axioappendicular muscles
rhomboieus major
proximal attachment
Spinous of T2-T5
268
deep posterior axioappendicular muscles
rhomboieus major
distal attachment
medial border of scapula
269
deep posterior axioappendicular muscles
rhomboieus minor
proximal attachment
Spinous process C7-T1
270
deep posterior axioappendicular muscles
rhomboieus minor
distal attachment
superior third of medial scapula
271
deep posterior axioappendicular muscles
rhomboieus major + minor
function
retracts the scapula
rotates the scapula to tilt the glenoid cavity down
holds and fixes the scapula to the thorax if the serratus anterior m. contract and pull the scapula forward
272
deep posterior axioappendicular muscles
rhomboieus major + minor
innervation
dorsal scapular n. C4-C5
273
deep posterior axioappendicular muscles
rhomboieus major + major
clinical
injury to dorsal scapular n.=rhomboid mm paralyzed
then scapula will be located farther from the midline than normal side
274
Scapulohumeral muscles of the upper limb
What do these muscles connect?
the scapula with the humerus
275
Scapulohumeral muscles of the upper limb
deltoid
covers
shoulder--forms a round contour for shoulder
276
Scapulohumeral muscles of the upper limb
deltoid
3 parts
anterior
posterior
middle
277
Scapulohumeral muscles of the upper limb
deltoid
proximal attachment
lateral third of clavicle, acromion, and spine of scapula
278
Scapulohumeral muscles of the upper limb
deltoid
distal
deltoid tuberosity of humerus
279
Scapulohumeral muscles of the upper limb
deltoid
functions
abducts the arm when three parts work together
anterior part flexes the arm and rotates it medially
posterior part extends the arm and rotates it laterally
280
Scapulohumeral muscles of the upper limb
deltoid
innervation
axillary n C5-C6
281
Scapulohumeral muscles of the upper limb
Teres Major
proximal attachment
posterior surface of inferior angle of scapula
282
Scapulohumeral muscles of the upper limb
Teres Major
distal
medial lip of intertubeculuar groove of humerus
283
Scapulohumeral muscles of the upper limb
Teres Major
function
adducts the arm
| rotates the arm medially
284
Scapulohumeral muscles of the upper limb
Teres Major
innervation
lower subscapular n C5-C6
285
Rotator Cuff muscles (SITS)
| forms what?
musculotendinous rotator cuff surrounding the glenohumeral joint
286
Rotator Cuff muscles (SITS)
supraspinatus
location
supraspinous fossa
287
Rotator Cuff muscles (SITS)
supraspinatus
function
initiates the abduction of the arm and assists deltoid
288
Rotator Cuff muscles (SITS)
supraspinatus
innervation
suprascapular n C4-C6
289
Rotator Cuff muscles (SITS)
infraspinatus
location
infraspinus fossa
290
Rotator Cuff muscles (SITS)
infraspinatus
function
rotates arm laterally
291
Rotator Cuff muscles (SITS)
infraspinatus
innervation
suprascapular n.C5-C6
292
Rotator Cuff muscles (SITS)
teres minor
function
rotates arm laterally
293
Rotator Cuff muscles (SITS)
teres minor
innervation
axillary n C5-C6
294
Rotator Cuff muscles (SITS)
subscapularis
function
rotates arm medially
| adducts the arm
295
Rotator Cuff muscles (SITS)
subscapularis
innervation
upper and lower subscapular n. C5-C7
296
Axilla
| location
at the junction of arm and thorax
inferior to the glenohumeral joint
superior to the axillary fascia
297
Why are people ticklish?
to protect the axilla
298
Axilla
| features
apex
base
four walls
299
Axilla
Apex
AKA
cervicoaxillary canal
300
Axilla
Apex
passageway between
neck and the axilla
301
Axilla
Apex
bounded by
1st rib
clavicle
superior edge of scapula
302
Axilla
Base
formed by
skin
subcutaeous tissue
axillary deep fascia
303
Axilla
Base
AKA
axillary fossa
| armpit
304
Axilla
Base
four edges
anterior axillary fold
posterior axillary fold
thoracic wall
medial aspect of arm
305
Axilla
anterior wall
formed by
pectoralis major
| pectoralis minor
306
Axilla
anterior wall
inferior part
anterior axillary fold
307
Axilla
posterior wall
formed by
scapular bone
subscapularis m
teres major
latissimus dorsi
308
Axilla
posterior wall
inferior part
posterior axillary fold
309
Axilla
medial wall
formed by
```
thoracic wall (1st-4th rib) associated muscles
serratus anterior
```
310
Axilla
lateral wall
formed by
intertubercular groove on the humerus
311
Axilla
| contents
axillary blood vessles
lymphatic vessels and nodes
large nerves covered by axillary sheath
(All filled by axillary fat)
312
Axilla
arteries
main trunk
axillary artery
313
Axilla
arteries
axillary artery
ends
brachial artery at the inferior border of teres major
314
Axilla
arteries
axillary artery
covered by
pectoralis minor
315
Axilla
arteries
axillary artery
1st part branch
superior thoracic a
316
Axilla
arteries
axillary artery
2nd part branches
thoracoacromial a
lateral thoracic a
317
Axilla
arteries
axillary artery
3rd part branches
subscapular a
anterior circumflex humerus a
posterior circumflex humeral a
318
```
Axilla
arteries
axillary artery
superior thoracic a
arises
```
from axillary artery
| inferior to the subclavius m
319
```
Axilla
arteries
axillary artery
superior thoracic a
supplies
```
subclavius m.
intercostal mm
1st and 2nd intercostal space
serratus anterior
320
```
Axilla
arteries
axillary artery
thoracoacromial a
pierces
```
costocoracoid membrane
321
```
Axilla
arteries
axillary artery
thoracoacromial a
four branches
```
acromial
deltoid
pectoral
clavicle
322
```
Axilla
arteries
axillary artery
lateral thoracic a
possible origins
```
thoracodorsal a
suprascapular a
subscapular a
323
```
Axilla
arteries
axillary artery
lateral thoracic a
supplies
```
pectoral mm
serratus mm
intercostal mm
breast
324
```
Axilla
arteries
axillary artery
subscapular a
size
```
large
325
```
Axilla
arteries
axillary artery
subscapular a
descends along with
```
subscapular m
326
```
Axilla
arteries
axillary artery
subscapular a
divides into
```
circumflex scapular artery
thoracodorsal a
327
```
Axilla
arteries
axillary artery
subscapular a
circumflex scapular a
supplies
```
muscles on the dorsum of scapula
328
```
Axilla
arteries
axillary artery
subscapular a
thoracodorsal a
supplies
```
latissimus dorsi
329
```
Axilla
arteries
axillary artery
anterior circumflex humeral a
goes between
```
coracobrachialis m
humerus bone
supplies shoulder
330
```
Axilla
arteries
axillary artery
posterior circumflex humeral a
accompanies
```
axillar n.
goes through quadrangular space
331
```
Axilla
arteries
axillary artery
posterior circumflex humeral a
supplies
```
glenohumeral joint and surrounding m
332
```
Axilla
arteries
axillary artery
posterior circumflex humeral a
encircles ?
```
surgical neck of humerus along with anterior circumflex humeral a. anastomosis
333
Axilla
| veins
Axillary vein
| from basilic v
334
Axilla
Axillary vein
path
anteromedial side of axillary a
335
Axilla
lymph
node groups
Pectoral (anterior)
Subscapular (posterior
Humeral (lateral
Central
Apical
336
Axilla
lymph
pectoral group
number and location
3-4
inferior border of pectoral m
337
Axilla
lymph
pectoral group
collect from
anterior wall and most of breast
338
Axilla
lymph
subscapular group
number and location
6-7
posterior border of axilla
339
Axilla
lymph
subscapular group
collects from
posterior aspect of throracic wall and scapular region
340
Axilla
lymph
humeral group
number and location
4-6
lateral wall of axilla
341
Axilla
lymph
humeral group
collects from
most of upper limb----
| except for lymph vessels with cephalic vein
342
Axilla
lymph
central group
path in and out
receives from three groups-----
sends to apical
343
Axilla
lymph
apical group
location
apex of axilla
344
Axilla
lymph
apical group
collects from
all groups listed +
| lymph vessels from cephalic vein
345
Axilla
lymph
apical group
sends lymph to
out of cervicoaxillary canal to subclavian lymphatic trunk
right lymphatic duct-right side
thoracic duct-left side
346
Brachial Plexus
| made of
anterior rami of C5-C8 + T1 sn
347
Brachial Plexus
| located in two places
neck
| axilla
348
Brachial Plexus
| divisions by clavicle
supraclavicular part
infraclavicular part
349
Brachial Plexus
| divisions---elements
stems
| branches
350
Brachial Plexus
| branches from end of brachial plexus
terminal branches
351
Brachial Plexus
| main stem segments
root
trunk
division
cord
352
Brachial Plexus
| root
beginning part (not the root in vertebral canal)
353
Brachial Plexus
trunk
superior
C5-C6
354
Brachial Plexus
trunk
middle
C7
355
Brachial Plexus
trunk
inferior
C8-T1
356
Brachial Plexus
| divisions
anterior
| posterior
357
Brachial Plexus
cord
lateral cord
anterior divisions unite from
superior +middle
358
Brachial Plexus
cord
medial cord
anterior division from inferior trunk
359
Brachial Plexus
| posterior cord
posterior divisions from all trunks
360
Brachial Plexus
| orientation is related to
axillary artery
361
Brachial Plexus
| root location
between anterior scalene and middle scalene
362
Brachial Plexus
| trunk location
accompanies subclavian a and v. under the clavicle
363
Brachial Plexus
| division location
apex of axilla
364
Brachial Plexus
| cord location
in axilla and surrounding the axillar a
365
Brachial Plexus
bracnhes
supraclavicular part
roots
dorsal scapular n.
| long thoracic n
366
Brachial Plexus
bracnhes
supraclavicular part
trunk
n. to subclavian m.
| suprascapular n
367
```
Brachial Plexus
bracnhes
infraclavicular part
cords
pectoral + subscapular
```
lateral pectoral n
medial pectoral n.
upper subscapular n.
middle subscapular n. (thoracodorsal n.)
lower subscapular n.
368
```
Brachial Plexus
bracnhes
infraclavicular part
cords
cutaneous n.
```
musculocutaneous n
medial cutaneous n. of arm
medial cutaneous n. of forearm
369
```
Brachial Plexus
bracnhes
infraclavicular part
cords
4 more
```
median n
ulnar n
axillary n
radial n.
370
Brachial Plexus
distribution of branches
dorsal scapular
rhomboid m.
371
Brachial Plexus
distribution of branches
long thoracic n.
serratus ant
372
Brachial Plexus
distribution of branches
n. to subclavian m,
subclavian m
373
Brachial Plexus
distribution of branches
lateral pectoral n
pectoralis major
| sometimes part of pectoralis minor
374
Brachial Plexus
distribution of branches
suprascapular n
supraspinatus m
| infraspinatus m
375
Brachial Plexus
distribution of branches
medial pectoral n
mainly pectoralis minor
| part of pectoralis major
376
Brachial Plexus
distribution of branches
upper subscapular
upper part of subscapular m
377
Brachial Plexus
distribution of branches
middle subscapular n (thoracodorsal)
latissimus dorsi
378
Brachial Plexus
distribution of branches
lower subscapular n
lower part of subscapular m +
| teres major
379
Brachial Plexus
distribution of branches
musculocutaneous n.
NAMA&LSF
anterior muscle of arm and
lateral skin of forearm
380
Brachial Plexus
distribution of branches
medial cutaneous n. of arm
medial skin of arm
381
Brachial Plexus
distribution of branches
median cutaneous n. of forearm
middle skin of forearm
382
Brachial Plexus
distribution of branches
median n
muscles of the anterior forearm compartment
five intrinsic muscles in ulnar half of palm
palmar skin
383
Brachial Plexus
distribution of branches
ulnar n.
flexor carpi ulnaris m.
ulnar half of flexor digitorum profundus m
most intrinsic muscles of hand
skin of hand medial to the axial line of digit 4
384
Brachial Plexus
distribution of branches
axillary n.
glenohumeral joint
deltoid m
teres minor
skin of superolateral arm
385
Brachial Plexus
distribution of branches
radial n.
to all muscles of posterior compartments of arm and forearm
skin of posterior and inferolateral arm
posterior forearm
dorsum of the hand lateral to axial line of digit 4
386
Brachial Plexus
| injuries name
Erb-Duchenne palsy
Klumpke paralysis
387
What cause injury to the superior part of the brachial plexus typically?
excessive increase in angle between neck and shoulder
388
Typical characteristic of a superior trunk injury?
limb hangs by the side in medial rotation
389
Brachial Plexus
| superior trunk injury aka
Erb-Ducenne palsy
390
Erb-Ducenne palsy
| what muscles are paralyzed
deltoid
biceps
brachialis
brachiradialis
391
Erb-Ducenne palsy
| clinic findings
adducted shoulder
medially rotated arm
extended elbow
392
Klumpke paralysis
| injury to
inferior cord of brachial plexus
| generally C8-T1
393
Klumpke paralysis
| muscles affected
muscles of the hand (claw hand)
394
Klumpke paralysis
| usually caused by
grasping something and suddenly falling
395
Arm
begins at
ends at
begins-shoulder
| ends-elbow
396
Arm
| two joints
elbow
| glenohumeral joint
397
Arm
| movements
flexion
extension
pronation
suppination at elbow only
398
Muscles of the Arm
| divided by
medial and lateral intermuscular septum
399
Muscles of the Arm
| compartments
anterior
| posterior
400
Muscles of the Arm
| anterior compartment
biceps brachii m
brachialis m
coracobrachialis
401
Muscles of the Arm
| posterior compartment
triceps brachii
| anconeus
402
Muscles of the Arm
Biceps brachii m
long head
proximal attachment
supraglenoid tubercle of humerus
403
Muscles of the Arm
Biceps brachii m
long head
distal attachment
tuberosity on radius
| bicipital aponeurosis
404
Muscles of the Arm
Biceps brachii m
short head
proximal attachment
coracoid process of scapula
405
Muscles of the Arm
Biceps brachii m
short head
distal attachment
tuberosity on radius
| bicipital aponeurosis
406
Muscles of the Arm
Biceps brachii m
long head
travels
intertubercular groove of the humerus
407
Muscles of the Arm
Biceps brachii m
bicipital aponeurosis
merged with
antebrachial fascia of forearm
408
Muscles of the Arm
Biceps brachii m
crosses 3 joints
glenohumeral joint
elbow joint
radioulnar joint
409
Muscles of the Arm
Biceps brachii m
does it attach to the humerus?
no
410
Muscles of the Arm
Biceps brachii m
movement
elbow extended=only flexion
elbow at 90 degrees + forearm suppinated=
powerful flexion
elbow at 90 degrees + forearm pronated=
supination
411
Muscles of the Arm
Biceps brachii m
innervation
musculocutaneous n C5-C6
412
coracobrachialis
| proximal attachment
coracoid process of scapula
413
Muscles of the Arm
coracobrachialis m
distal attachment
middle third of medial surface of humerus
414
Muscles of the Arm
coracobrachialis m
movement
helps flexion and adduction of arm
415
Muscles of the Arm
coracobrachialis m
innervation
musculocutaneous n C5-C6
416
Muscles of the Arm
brachialis m
located
deep to biceps bracii
417
Muscles of the Arm
brachialis m
proximal attachment
distal half of anterior surface of humerus
418
Muscles of the Arm
brachialis m
distal attachment
coronoid process and tuberosity of the ulna
419
Muscles of the Arm
brachialis m
movement
powerful flexion of forearm
420
Muscles of the Arm
brachialis m
innervation
musculocutaneous n. C5-C6
421
Muscles of the Arm
Triceps brachii
location
posterior compartment of the arm
422
Muscles of the Arm
Triceps brachii
long head
proximal attachment
infraglenoid tubercle of scapula
423
Muscles of the Arm
Triceps brachii
lateral head
proximal attachment
posterior surface of humerus,
| superior to radial groove
424
Muscles of the Arm
Triceps brachii
medial head
proximal attachment
posterior surface of humerus
| inferior to radial groove
425
Muscles of the Arm
Triceps brachii
distal attachment
olecranon of ulna
| fascia of forearm
426
Muscles of the Arm
Triceps brachii
movement
extension of forearm
| helps extension and adduction of arm
427
Muscles of the Arm
Triceps brachii
innervation
radial n. C7-C8, T1
428
Muscles of the Arm
Anconeus
shape
small triangular
429
Muscles of the Arm
Anconeus
movement
helps the triceps extend the forearm and keep this extension stable
430
Muscles of the Arm
Anconeus
innervation
radial n C7-C8, T1
431
Brachial Artery
| begins
inferior border of teres major
432
Brachial Artery
| travels
anterior to triceps brachii and brachialis
inferolaterally across the trochlea of humerus
ends in the cubital fossa (divides)
433
Where does the median n. cross over the brachial a.?
trochlea of humerus
434
Brachial Artery
| divides into
radial a.
ulnar a.
at the cubital fossa
435
Brachial Artery
| main branches
deep artery of the arm (profunda brachii a)
superior ulnar collateral a
inferior ulnar collateral a
muscular branches
436
Brachial Artery
deep artery of the arm (profunda brachii a.)
accompanies
where?
radial n
radial groove
437
Brachial Artery
deep artery of the arm (profunda brachii a.)
divides into
medial collateral a
radial collateral a
both join anastomosis of elbow region
438
Brachial Artery
superior ulnar collateral a
inferior ulnar collateral a
origin
middle point of the arm 5cm proximal to the elbow crease
both join the anastomosis of the elbow region
439
Nerves of the arm (4) main
Musculocutaneous n
radial n
median n
ulnar n
440
Nerves of the arm
Musculocutaneous n
begins
inferior border of pectoral minor
441
Nerves of the arm
Musculocutaneous n
pierces
coracobrachialis m
442
Nerves of the arm
Musculocutaneous n
passes between
biceps m
| brachialis m
443
Nerves of the arm
Musculocutaneous n
supplies
coracobrachialis m
biceps m
brachialis m
444
Nerves of the arm
Musculocutaneous n
main trunk becomes
lateral cutaneous n. of the forearm
445
Nerves of the arm
Radial n
begins
from posterior cord
passes through the radial groove w/ deep a. of arm
446
Nerves of the arm
Radial n
pierces
lateral intermuscular septum to anterior compartment of the arm
447
Nerves of the arm
Radial n
divides
into deep branch of radial n
superficial branch of radial n.
448
Nerves of the arm
Median n
begins
lateral cord and medial cord
449
Nerves of the arm
Median n
travels with (crosses)
brachial a.
450
Nerves of the arm
Median n
goes under.....where?
bicipital aponeurosis
cubital fossa
451
Nerves of the arm
Median n
branches
none in the axilla or arm
452
Nerves of the arm
Ulnar n.
begins
at the level of teres major from
| medial cord of brachial plexus
453
Nerves of the arm
Ulnar n.
goes with
long head of triceps brachii
454
Nerves of the arm
Ulnar n.
pierces / with
medial intermuscular septum
w/ superior ulnar collateral a.
455
Nerves of the arm
Ulnar n.
compartment in arm
posterior
456
Nerves of the arm
Ulnar n.
passes posterior to
medial epicondyle
| crazy/funny bone
457
Nerves of the arm
Ulnar n.
branches
none in arm
458
Cubital fossa
description
general
triangular depression on the anterior aspect of elbow
459
Cubital fossa
boundries
superior
imanginary line connecting medial and lateral epicondyles
460
Cubital fossa
boundries
medial
pronator teres m
461
Cubital fossa
boundries
lateral
brachioradialis m
462
Cubital fossa
boundries
floor
formed by brachialis / supinator mm
463
Cubital fossa
boundries
roof
```
formed by:
brachial fascia
antebrachial fascia
bicipital aponeurosis
subcutaneous tissue
skin
```
464
Cubital fossa
contents
most lateral
radial n
superficial and deep branches
465
Cubital fossa
contents
2nd lateral
biceps brachii tendon
466
Cubital fossa
contents
middle
brachial artery and branches
467
Cubital fossa
contents
2nd medial
Brachial v.
468
Cubital fossa
contents
medial
median n
469
Cubital fossa
surface features
6
```
olecranon
biceps brachii tendon
bicipital aponeurosis
brachial a
medial and lateral epicondyles
veins in cubital fossa
```
470
Cubital fossa
| palpated at medial border of biceps m
brachial a
471
Cubital fossa
| palpated when elbow is fixed against resistance
biceps tendon
472
Forearm
| general description
part between elbow and the wrist
| two bones connected by interosseous membrane
473
Forearm
interosseous membrane
function
permits tehe two bones to pronate and supinate
| provides attachments for muscles
474
Forearm
| compartments
anterior
| posterior
475
Forearm
| flexor proximal attachments
```
medial epicondyle
medial supra(epi)condylar ridge
```
476
Forearm
| extensor proximal attachment
```
lateral epicondyle
lateral supra(epi)condylar ridge
```
477
Forearm
| anterior compartment innervation
median n. mostly
| one 1/2 ulnar
478
Forearm
| posterior compartment innervation
radial n
479
Forearm
muscles
layers
```
superficial----PFPF
intermediate-(FDS) 1 m
deep-FPL
FDP
PQ
```
480
Forearm
muscles
special arrangement on distal forearm
pronator quadratus----deep
481
Why is brachioradialis m not in the anterior compartment even though it is a flexor?
location
482
Forearm
muscles
What layers cross the elbow joint?
1st and 2nd
not 3rd
483
Forearm
muscles
What holds the tendons of the muscles of the anterior compartment?
palmar carpal lig.
flexor retinaculum (transverse carpal lig.)
484
Forearm
muscles
1st layer (superficial)
Pronator teres
Flexor Carpi radialis (FCR)
Palmaris longus
Flexor carpi ulnaris (FCU)
485
Forearm
muscles
1st layer (superficial)
proximal attachment
common flexor origin on medial epicondyle of humerus
486
Forearm
muscles
1st layer (superficial)
pronator teres additional origin
coronoid process
487
Forearm
muscles
1st layer (superficial)
FCU additional origin
olecrenon of ulna
488
```
Forearm
muscles
1st layer (superficial)
distal attachment
Pronator teres
```
middle lateral surface of radius
489
```
Forearm
muscles
1st layer (superficial)
distal attachment
FCR
```
base of 2nd metacarpal
490
```
Forearm
muscles
1st layer (superficial)
distal attachment
palmaris longus
```
palmar aponeurosis
491
```
Forearm
muscles
1st layer (superficial)
distal attachment
FCU
```
pisiform
hook of hamate
5th metacarpal
492
```
Forearm
muscles
1st layer (superficial)
innervation
FCU
```
ulnar n
493
```
Forearm
muscles
1st layer (superficial)
innervation
FCR
palmaris longus
pronator teres
```
median n
494
```
Forearm
muscles
1st layer (superficial)
function
pronator teres
```
pronates forearm
495
Forearm
muscles
1st layer (superficial)
FCR
flexes and abducts wrist
496
```
Forearm
muscles
1st layer (superficial)
function
palmaris longus
```
flexes wrist
497
```
Forearm
muscles
1st layer (superficial)
function
FCU
```
flexes and adducts wrist
498
Forearm
muscles
2nd layer (intermediate)
Flexor digitorum superficialis
499
Forearm
muscles
2nd layer (intermediate)
distal attachment
shaft of middle phalanges of medial 4 fingers
tendons are enclosed in a synovial common flexor sheath
500
`Forearm
muscles
2nd layer (intermediate)
proximal attcahment
medial head-medial epicondyle and coronoid process
radial head-superior half of anterior border of radius
501
Forearm
muscles
2nd layer (intermediate)
INNERVATION
median n
502
Forearm
muscles
2nd layer (intermediate)
function
flexes medial four fingers at proximal interphalangeal joints
503
Forearm
muscles
3rd layer (deep)
name
FDP- Flexor digitorum profundus
FPL- Flexor Pollicus longus
PQ- Pronator Quadratus
504
```
Forearm
muscles
3rd layer (deep)
FDP
proximal
```
proximal 3/4 of medial and anterior surface of ulna and interosseus membrane
505
```
Forearm
muscles
3rd layer (deep)
FDP
distal
```
base of distal phalanges of medial 4
506
```
Forearm
muscles
3rd layer (deep)
FDP
innervation
```
medial- ulnar n
lateral- median n
507
```
Forearm
muscles
3rd layer (deep)
FDP
function
```
flexes distal phalanx of medial 4 fingers
508
```
Forearm
muscles
3rd layer (deep)
FPL
proximal
```
anterior surface of radius and adjacent interosseus membrane
509
```
Forearm
muscles
3rd layer (deep)
FPL
distal
```
base of distal phalanx of thumb
510
```
Forearm
muscles
3rd layer (deep)
FPL
innervation
```
median n
511
```
Forearm
muscles
3rd layer (deep)
FPL
function
```
flexion of 1st digit
512
```
Forearm
muscles
3rd layer (deep)
PQ
proximal
```
distal 1/4 of anterior surface of ulna
513
```
Forearm
muscles
3rd layer (deep)
PQ
distal
```
distal 1/4 of anterior surface of radius
514
```
Forearm
muscles
3rd layer (deep)
PQ
innervation
```
median n
515
```
Forearm
muscles
3rd layer (deep)
PQ
function
```
pronation of forearm
516
Extensor-supinator muscles of forearm
| layers
superficial
| deep
517
Extensor-supinator muscles of forearm
| superficial
extensor:
1. carpi radialis brevis---ECRB
2. digitorum-ED
3. digiti minimi---EDM
4. carpi ulnaris---ECU
5. brachioradialis
6. extensor carpi radialis longus----ECRL
518
Extensor-supinator muscles of forearm
superficial
Which 2 begin at the lateral supraepicondylar ridge?
brachioradialis
| ECRL
519
Extensor-supinator muscles of forearm
| deep layer
```
abductor pollicus longus---APL
Supinator
extensors:
pollicis brevis---EPB
pollicus longus---EPL
indicis---EI
```
520
Extensor-supinator muscles of forearm
ECRL
proximal
lateral supraepicondylar ridge
521
Extensor-supinator muscles of forearm
ECRL
distal
dorsal surface of 2nd metacrapal
522
Extensor-supinator muscles of forearm
ECRL
innervation
radial n
523
Extensor-supinator muscles of forearm
ECRL
function
extends and abducts the hand at wrist joint
524
Extensor-supinator muscles of forearm
ECRB
proximal
common extensor origin
525
Extensor-supinator muscles of forearm
ECRB
distal
dorsal surface of 3rd metacrapal
526
Extensor-supinator muscles of forearm
ECRB
innervation
deep branch of radial n
527
Extensor-supinator muscles of forearm
ECRB
function
extends and abducts the hand at wrist joint
528
Extensor-supinator muscles of forearm
ECU
proximal
common extensor origin
| posterior border of ulna
529
Extensor-supinator muscles of forearm
ECU
distal
dorsal surface of 5th metacarpal
530
Extensor-supinator muscles of forearm
ECU
innervation
deep branch of radial n.
531
Extensor-supinator muscles of forearm
ECU
function
extends and adducts the hand at wrist
532
Extensor-supinator muscles of forearm
ED
proximal
common extesor origin
533
Extensor-supinator muscles of forearm
ED
distal
medial and distal phalanges by extensor expension of medial 4 fingers
534
Extensor-supinator muscles of forearm
ED
innervation
deep branch of radial n.
535
Extensor-supinator muscles of forearm
ED
function
extends medial 4 fingers at metacarpalphalangeal joint
536
extensor expension
| linked by three
oblique intertedinous connections
537
```
extensor expension
# and bands
```
4
medial band
lateral bands
538
extensor expension
| forces
other fingers to extend if one does
539
Extensor-supinator muscles of forearm
EDM
proximal
common extensor origin
540
Extensor-supinator muscles of forearm
EDM
distal
extensor expension of 5th finger
541
Extensor-supinator muscles of forearm
EDM
innervation
deep branch of radial n.
542
Extensor-supinator muscles of forearm
EDM
function
extends 5th finger at metacarpophalangeal joint
543
Extensor-supinator muscles of forearm
EI
proximal
posterior surface of distal 1/3 of ulna and interosseus membrane
544
Extensor-supinator muscles of forearm
EI
distal
joins the extensor expension of 2nd finger
545
Extensor-supinator muscles of forearm
EI
innervation
posterior interosseous n. of radial n.
546
Extensor-supinator muscles of forearm
EI
function
extends 2nd finger
547
Extensor and abductor muscles of the thumb
APL
proximal
posterior surface of the proximal 1/2 of the ulna, radius and interosseous membrane
548
Extensor and abductor muscles of the thumb
APL
distal
base of 1st metacarpal
549
Extensor and abductor muscles of the thumb
APL
innervation
posterior interosseous n. of deep branch of radial n.
550
Extensor and abductor muscles of the thumb
APL
function
abduction of the thumb
551
Extensor and abductor muscles of the thumb
EPB
proximal
posterior surface of the distal 1/3 of the radius and interosseous membrane
552
Extensor and abductor muscles of the thumb
EPB
distal
dorsal surface of base of proximal phalanx of thumb
553
Extensor and abductor muscles of the thumb
EPB
innervation
posterior interosseous n. of deep branch of radial n.
554
Extensor and abductor muscles of the thumb
EPB
function
extension of proximal phalanx of thumb
555
Extensor and abductor muscles of the thumb
EPL
proximal
posterior surface of the distal 1/3 of the ulna and interosseous membrane
556
Extensor and abductor muscles of the thumb
EPL
distal
dorsal surface of base of distal phalanx of thumb
557
Extensor and abductor muscles of the thumb
EPL
innervation
posterior interosseous n. of deep branch of radial n.
558
Extensor and abductor muscles of the thumb
EPL
function
extends distal phalanx of thumb
559
Exceptional muscles
brachioradialis
proximal
proximal 2/3 of lateral supraepicondylar ridge
560
Exceptional muscles
brachioradialis
distal
lateral surface of distal end of radius;proximal to styloid process
561
Exceptional muscles
brachioradialis
innervation
radial n
562
Exceptional muscles
brachioradialis
function
weak flexion of forearm
| maximal flexion=midpronated postion
563
Exceptional muscles
supinator
proximal
lateral epicondyle
| supinator fossa & crest of ulna
564
Exceptional muscles
supinator
distal
anterior
lateral
posterior
surface of proximal 1/3 of radius
565
Exceptional muscles
supinator
innervation
deep branch of radial n
566
Exceptional muscles
supinator
function
supinates the forearm
567
What bounds the anatomical snuff box?
APL
EPB
EPL
568
What is located at the anatomical snuff box?
radial a
radial styloid process
scaphoid and trapezium
569
When can this snuff box be seen?
when the thumb is fully extended
570
What bones are easily fractured in the event of a fall onto an outstreached hand?
scaphoid
| trapezium
571
Arteries of the forearm
Ulnar A.
origin
cubital fossa
| terminal branch of brachial a
572
Arteries of the forearm
Ulnar A.
branches
Anterior ulnar recurrent
Posterior ulnar recurrent
Common interosseous
anterior interosseous
posterior interosseus
recurrent interosseous
palmar carpal branch
dorsal carpal branch
muscular a
573
Arteries of the forearm
Ulnar A.
Anterior ulnar recurrent
origin
from ulnar a. lower to elbow joint
574
Arteries of the forearm
Ulnar A.
Anterior ulnar recurrent
course
btw. brachialis-pronator teres
anastomoses with inferior ulnar collateral a.
before medial epicondyle
575
Arteries of the forearm
Ulnar A.
posterior ulnar recurrent
origin
ulnar a.
| lower than anterior ulnar recurrent
576
Arteries of the forearm
Ulnar A.
posterior ulnar recurrent
course
goes superior
goes to posterior of medial epicondyle
deep to flexor carpi ulnaris
anastomoses with superior ulnar collateral
577
Arteries of the forearm
Ulnar A.
common interosseous
origin
ulnar a. in cubital fossa
578
Arteries of the forearm
Ulnar A.
common interosseous
course
divides immediatly into anterior and posterior interosseous
579
Arteries of the forearm
Ulnar A.
anterior interosseous a
accompanies
anterior interosseous n. from the median n
580
Arteries of the forearm
Ulnar A.
anterior interosseous a
anastomoses
posterior interosseous a
581
Arteries of the forearm
Ulnar A.
recurrent interosseous a
origin
beginning part of posterior interosseous a
582
Arteries of the forearm
Ulnar A.
recurrent interosseous a
anastomoses
middle collateral a
583
Arteries of the forearm
Ulnar A.
recurrent interosseous a
passes over?
posterior of radioulnar joint
584
Arteries of the forearm
Ulnar A.
palmar carpal branch
begins
distal part of ulnar a.
585
Arteries of the forearm
Ulnar A.
palmar carpal branch
anastomoses
palmar carpal from radial a
586
Arteries of the forearm
Ulnar A.
dorsal carpal branch
anastomoses
dorsal carpal a. from radial a
587
Arteries of the forearm
Radial A.
origin
cubital fossa
| terminal branch of the brachial a
588
Arteries of the forearm
Radial A.
course
lateral and inferior under brachioradialis
lateral to the tendon of flexor carpi radialis
deep to anatomical snuff box
pierces first dorsal interosseous m. to deep anterior of hand
589
Arteries of the forearm
Radial A.
branches
radial recurrent
palmar carpal branch
dorsal carpal branch
muscular branch
590
Arteries of the forearm
Radial A.
radial recurrent
origin
radial artery in the cubital fossa
591
Arteries of the forearm
Radial A.
radial recurrent
course
btw brachioradialis and brachialis
592
Arteries of the forearm
Radial A.
radial recurrent
anastomoses
radial collateral a
593
Veins of the Forearm
| types
superficial
| deep
594
Nerves of the forearm
median n.
origin
continued of same nerve from cubital fossa
595
Nerves of the forearm
median n.
branches
articular branches
mussular branches
anterior interosseous bracnhes
palmar cutaneous branches
596
Nerves of the forearm
median n.
articular branches
supply
elbow joint
597
Nerves of the forearm
median n.
muscular branches
supply
muscles
598
Nerves of the forearm
median n.
anterior interosseous branches
supply
muscles
origin median n. in cubital fossa
599
Nerves of the forearm
median n.
palmar cutaneous branches
supply
central part of the palm
600
Nerves of the forearm
median n.
palmar cutaneous branches
course
begins from median n. at superior edge of palmar carpal ligament
601
Nerves of the forearm
Ulnar n
origin
continued from ulnar n. posterior to the medial epicondyle
602
Nerves of the forearm
Ulnar n
course
posterior to medial epicondyle
goes down btw FCU and FDP
splits into superficial and deep branches
603
Nerves of the forearm
Ulanar n
branches
articular
muscular
palmar cutaneous
dorsal cutaneous
604
Nerves of the forearm
Ulnar n
clinical correlation
can be injured at the posterior to the medial epicondyle when this hits some hard surface.
when injured the medial part of the palm feels numbness and tingling
4th and 5th finger can't clench
CLAW HAND
605
Nerves of the forearm
Radial N
origin
continued from the same nerve in the cubital fossa bet brachioradialis and brachialis
606
Nerves of the forearm
Radial N
course
in the cubial fossa
607
Nerves of the forearm
Radial N
branches
posterior cutaneous n of the forearm
superficial branch
deep branch
lateral cutaneous nerve of the forearm
medial cutaneous nerve of the forearm
608
Nerves of the forearm
Radial N
posterior cutaneous n of the forearm
begins
from radial n. in the radial groove
609
Nerves of the forearm
Radial N
posterior cutaneous n of the forearm
course
perforates the triceps m
610
Nerves of the forearm
Radial N
posterior cutaneous n of the forearm
supply
skin of the posterior forearm
611
Nerves of the forearm
Radial N
superficial branch
begins
terminal branch from radial n. in cubital fossa
612
Nerves of the forearm
Radial N
superficial branch
course
btw. pronator teres and brachioradialis
subcutaneous tissue
lateral to the distal part of forearm
613
Nerves of the forearm
Radial N
superficial branch
supply
skin of the hand
614
Nerves of the forearm
Radial N
deep branch
origin
terminal branch from radial n. in cubital fossa
615
Nerves of the forearm
Radial N
deep branch
course
penetrates supenator m.
| becomes posterior interosseous n.
616
Nerves of the forearm
Radial N
deep branch
supply
muscles in the posterior compartment of the forearm
617
Nerves of the forearm
Radial N
clinical
injured from fracture in the humeral shaft
harming the extensor m.
wrist drop
if deep branch is injured then no finger extension
618
Nerves of the forearm
Radial N
lateral cutaneous n. of forearm
origin
from musculocutaneous n. at lateral of biceps brachii m
| divides into anterior and posterior branches into lateral forearm
619
Nerves of the forearm
Radial N
lateral cutaneous n. of forearm
supply
skin of lateral forearm
620
Nerves of the forearm
Radial N
medial cutaneous n. of forearm
origin
same name nerve from cubital fossa
621
Nerves of the forearm
Radial N
medial cutaneous n. of forearm
course
divides into anterior and posterior
| goes to subcutaneous tissue of medial forearm
622
Hand
| palm eminences
thenar eminance
| hypothenar eminence
623
Hand
Fascia of the Palm
general
continuous with
deep fascia of the forearm
| fascia of the dorsum of the hand
624
Hand
Fascia of the Palm
general
forms two fibrous tissues
palmar aponeurosis
| fibrous digital sheath
625
```
Hand
Fascia of the Palm
special
palmar aponeurosis
apex is continuous with
```
palmaris longus m.
| flexor retinaculum
626
```
Hand
Fascia of the Palm
special
palmar aponeurosis
distal part forms
```
four longtitundinal digital bands
627
```
Hand
Fascia of the Palm
special
palmar aponeurosis
longtitudinal digit bands
ATTACH
```
to bases of proximal phalanges
628
```
Hand
Fascia of the Palm
special
fibrous digital sheath
protect
```
synovial sheath
629
```
Hand
Fascia of the Palm
special
fibrous digital sheath
are 5 and 4 what?
```
anular circles 5
cruciform circles 4
on each finger
630
```
Hand
Fascia of the Palm
special
fibrous digital sheath
used to
```
hold and protect tendons of:
FDS
FDP
FPL
631
```
Hand
Fascia of the Palm
special
medial fibrous septum
extends from
```
medial border of palmar aponeurosis to 5th metacarpal
632
```
Hand
Fascia of the Palm
special
lateral fibrous septum
extends from
```
lateral border of palmar aponeurosis to 3rd metacarpal
633
Hand
Fascia of the Palm
thenar compartment
contains
thenar muscles
634
Hand
Fascia of the Palm
hypothenar compartment
contains
hypothenar muscles
635
Hand
Fascia of the Palm
central compartment
contains
flexor tendons,
lumbricals
superficial palmar arterial arch
nerves
636
Hand
Fascia of the Palm
adductor compartment
contains
adductor m
637
Hand
Fascia of the Palm
interosseous compartment
contains
interosseus m
638
Hand
Fascia of the Palm
midthenar space
deep space under tendons
continuous with anterior compartment of the forearm by carpal tunnel
639
Hand
Muscles
groups
```
thenar
adductor
hypothenar
central
interosseous
m. under the skin
```
640
Hand
Muscles
thenar m
abductor pollicis brevis m
flexor pollicis brevis
opponens digiti minimi m
641
Hand
Muscles
adductor m
adductor pollicis
642
Hand
Muscles
hypothenar
abductor digiti minimi
flexor digiti minimi brevis
opponens digiti minimi
643
Hand
Muscles
central
lumbricals m
dorsal interossi m
644
Hand
Muscles
m. under the skin
palmaris brevis m
645
```
Hand
Muscles
thenar m
Abductor pollicis brevis
origin
```
flexor retinaculum
646
```
Hand
Muscles
thenar m
Abductor pollicis brevis
inserts
```
lateral side of base of proximal phalanx of thumb
647
```
Hand
Muscles
thenar m
Abductor pollicis brevis
innervation
```
recurrent branch of median n
648
```
Hand
Muscles
thenar m
Abductor pollicis brevis
function
```
abduction
649
```
Hand
Muscles
thenar m
Flexor pollicis brevis
origin
```
flexor retinaculum
650
```
Hand
Muscles
thenar m
Flexor pollicis brevis
inserts
```
lateral side of base of proximal phalanx of thumb
651
```
Hand
Muscles
thenar m
Flexor pollicis brevis
innervation
```
recurrent branch of median n.
| deep branch of ulnar n
652
```
Hand
Muscles
thenar m
Flexor pollicis brevis
function
```
flexion
653
```
Hand
Muscles
thenar m
opponens pollicis (brevis)
origin
```
flexor retinaculum
654
```
Hand
Muscles
thenar m
opponens pollicis (brevis)
inserts
```
lateral side of 1st metacarpal
655
```
Hand
Muscles
thenar m
opponens pollicis (brevis)
innervation
```
recurrent branch of median n
656
```
Hand
Muscles
thenar m
opponens pollicis (brevis)
function
```
opposition
657
```
Hand
Muscles
thenar m
adductor pollicis
origin
```
from base of 2nd and 3rd metacarpals, capitate,
| anterior surface of shaft of 3rd metacarpal
658
```
Hand
Muscles
thenar m
adductor pollicis
inserts
```
medial side of the proximal phalanx of 5th finger
659
```
Hand
Muscles
thenar m
adductor pollicis
innervation
```
deep branch of ulnar n
660
```
Hand
Muscles
thenar m
opponens pollicis (brevis)
function
```
adduction
661
```
Hand
Muscles
hypothenar m
abductor digiti minimi
origin
```
pisiform
662
```
Hand
Muscles
hypothenar m
abductor digiti minimi
inserts
```
medial side of base of proximal phalanx of 5th finger
663
```
Hand
Muscles
hypothenar m
abductor digiti minimi
innervation
```
deep branch of ulnar n
664
```
Hand
Muscles
hypothenar m
abductor digiti minimi
function
```
abduction
665
```
Hand
Muscles
hypothenar m
flexor digiti minimi brevis
origin
```
hook of hamate and flexor retinaculum
666
```
Hand
Muscles
hypothenar m
flexor digiti minimi brevis
inserts
```
medial side of base of proximal phalanx of 5th finger
667
```
Hand
Muscles
hypothenar m
flexor digiti minimi brevis
innervation
```
deep branch of ulnar n
668
```
Hand
Muscles
hypothenar m
flexor digiti minimi brevis
function
```
flexion
669
```
Hand
Muscles
hypothenar m
opponens digiti minimi
origin
```
hook of hamate
| flexor retinaculum
670
```
Hand
Muscles
hypothenar m
opponens digiti minimi
inserts
```
medial border of the 5th metacarpal
671
```
Hand
Muscles
hypothenar m
opponens digiti minimi
innervation
```
deep branch of ulnar n
672
```
Hand
Muscles
hypothenar m
opponens digiti minimi
function
```
opposition
673
```
Hand
Muscles
subcutaneous
palmaris brevis
origin
```
medial border of palmar aponeurosis
674
```
Hand
Muscles
subcutaneous
palmaris brevis
inserts
```
medial border of hand
675
```
Hand
Muscles
subcutaneous
palmaris brevis
innervation
```
palmar branch of ulnar n
676
```
Hand
Muscles
subcutaneous
palmaris brevis
function
```
wrinkle skin of hypothenar eminance
palm grip
677
```
Hand
Muscles
short-central
lumbricals (worm)
origins
```
lateral 2 tendons of flexor digitorum profundus
medial 3 tendons of flexor digitorum profundus
678
```
Hand
Muscles
short-central
lumbricals (worm)
inserts
```
lateral side of extensor expansions of 2nd to 5th fingers
679
```
Hand
Muscles
short-central
lumbricals (worm)
innervation
```
median n to 1st and 2nd
| deep branch of ulnar to 3rd and 4th
680
```
Hand
Muscles
short-central
lumbricals (worm)
function
```
flexing metacarpophalangeal joints
| extending interphalnageal joints of 2nd to 5th fingers
681
```
Hand
Muscles
interosseous m
dorsal 4 DABS
origin
```
adjacent side of two metacarpals
682
```
Hand
Muscles
interosseous m
dorsal 4 DABS
inserts
```
bases of phalanges
| extensor expansions of 2nd -4th fingers
683
```
Hand
Muscles
interosseous m
dorsal 4 DABS
innervation
```
deep bracnch of ulnar
684
```
Hand
Muscles
interosseous m
dorsal 4 DABS
function
```
adducting 2nd-4th fingers from axial line
685
```
Hand
Muscles
interosseous m
palmar 3 PAD
origin
```
palmar surfaces of 2nd, 4th, 5th metacarpals
686
```
Hand
Muscles
interosseous m
palmar 3 PAD
inserts
```
bases of proximal phalanges, extensor expansions of 2nd, 4th, and 5th fingers
687
```
Hand
Muscles
interosseous m
palmar 3 PAD
innervation
```
deep branch of ulnar n
688
```
Hand
Muscles
interosseous m
palmar 3 PAD
function
```
adducting 2nd, 4th, and 5th fingers toward axial line
689
Hand
Long Flexor Tendons & Tendon Sheath
Tendon
FDS splits into
tendinous chiasms
690
```
Hand
Long Flexor Tendons & Tendon Sheath
Tendon
tendinous chiasms
surround
```
tendon of FDP
691
```
Hand
Long Flexor Tendons & Tendon Sheath
Tendon
FDS tendon
attaches
```
to margins of the anterior surface of the base of the middle phalanx
692
```
Hand
Long Flexor Tendons & Tendon Sheath
Tendon
FDP tendon
attaches
```
anterior surface of the base of the distal phalanx
693
Hand
Long Flexor Tendons & Tendon Sheath
Fibrous digital sheath
What is this sheath used for?
protecting the synovial sheath
694
Hand
Long Flexor Tendons & Tendon Sheath
Fibrous digital sheath
What tendons does this sheath protect?
superficial flexor tendons
deep flexor tendons
flexor pollicis longus
695
Hand
Long Flexor Tendons & Tendon Sheath
synovial sheath
layers
parietal
| visceral
696
Hand
Long Flexor Tendons & Tendon Sheath
synovial sheath
sticks with fibrous digital sheath
parietal
697
Hand
Long Flexor Tendons & Tendon Sheath
synovial sheath
visceral sticks with?
tendon
698
Hand
Long Flexor Tendons & Tendon Sheath
common flexor sheath
location
deep of the flexor retinaculum
699
Hand
Long Flexor Tendons & Tendon Sheath
common flexor sheath
What do the sheaths permit?
the tendons to slide freely during movement of the finger
700
Arteries of the hand
| anastomoses (2)
superficial arch
| deep arch
701
Arteries of the hand
| 2 main arteries
ulnar
| radial
702
Arteries of the hand
ulnar a
origin
ulnar a of forearm
703
Arteries of the hand
ulnar a
travels
through ulnar canal (guyon canal)
| lateral to ulnar n.
704
Arteries of the hand
ulnar a.
divides into
superficial palmar branch
| deep palmar branch
705
Arteries of the hand
ulnar a
branches of superficial palmar a
three common palmar digital aa
706
Arteries of the hand
ulnar a
common digitial a divides into
2 proper digital aa
707
Arteries of the hand
ulnar a
common palmar a
anastomoses w/
palmar metacarpal
708
Arteries of the hand
ulnar a
palmar metacarpal a
comes from
deep palmar arch
709
Arteries of the hand
radial a
origin
radial a. of forearm
710
Arteries of the hand
radial a
travels
by scaphoid and trapizium
| thorugh anatomical snuff box
711
Arteries of the hand
radial a
anastomosis
deep branch of ulnar a.
to form deep palmar arch
712
Arteries of the hand
radial a
branches
3 palmar metacarpal branches
1 princeps pollicis a
713
Arteries of the hand
radial a
princeps pollicis a
branch
radialis indicis a
lateral side of index finger
714
Arteries of the hand
radial a
dorsal carpal arch formed by
dorsal carpal branches
715
Arteries of the hand
radial a
dorsal carpal arch
sends out
5 dorsal metacarpal aa
716
Arteries of the hand
radial a
dorsal metacarpal aa
send out
dorsal digital aa
717
Nerves of the Hand
Median n.
travels
deep to flexor retinaculum
718
Nerves of the Hand
Median n.
branches
recurrent branch
muscular branches
palmar digital branch
719
Nerves of the Hand
Median n.
recurrent branch goes to
abductor pollicis brevis m
opponens pollicis m
superficial head of flexor pollicis brevis
720
Nerves of the Hand
Median n.
muscular branches go to
1,2 lumbricals
721
Nerves of the Hand
Median n.
palmar digital branches
go to
the most lateral palmar skin
| lateral 3 and half fingers
722
Nerves of the Hand
Median n.
trauma
causes
ape hand
paralysis of lateral 2 lumbricals
opponens pollicis
723
Nerves of the Hand
Ulnar n
travels with
ulnar a
724
Nerves of the Hand
Ulnar n
branches
palmar cutaneous branches
| dorsal cutaneous branches
725
Nerves of the Hand
Ulnar n
divides into
superficial
| deep branches
726
Nerves of the Hand
Ulnar n
superficial branch
supplies
the skin of half 4th and 5th finger of palmar side
727
Nerves of the Hand
Ulnar n
deep branch
supllies
```
hypothenar mm
medial 2 lumbricles
adductor pollicis m
deep head of FPB
all interosseous mm
```
728
Nerves of the Hand
Radial n
branch
superficial branch of radial n.
729
Nerves of the Hand
radial n
superficial branch
supplies
skin of lateral 2/3 of dorsum of the hand
proximal part of lateral 3 and 1/2 digits
730
Joints
| classes
synovial
fibrous
cartilaginous
731
Joints
Synovial
three parts
bone capsule cavity
732
Joints
Synovial
surface of bones is covered by
cartilage
733
Joints
Synovial
capsule layers
fibrous
| synovial
734
Joints
Synovial
fibrous capsule is continuous with
periosteum
735
Joints
Synovial
cavity contains
synovial fluid
736
```
Joints
Synovial
classifications (6)
```
```
plane
hinge
saddle
pivot
ball and socket
condyloid
```
737
Joints
Synovial
pivot example
central atlantoaxial joint
738
Joints
Synovial
condyloid example
metacarpophalangeal
739
Joints
Synovial
plane joint example
acromioclavicular joint
740
Joints
Synovial
saddle example
1st carpometacarpal joint
741
Joints
Fibrous
3 kinds
suture
syndesmosis-interosseous membrane
gomphoses
742
Joints
cartilaginous
types of cartilage
hyaline
| fibro
743
Joints
cartilaginous
primary aka
synchondrosis
744
Joints
cartilaginous
secondary aka
symphysis
745
Joints
cartilaginous
synchondrosis
includes
bony ephipysis
bony shaft
epiphysial plate
746
Joints
| hilton's law
the nerve supplying the joint also supplies the muscles moving this joint and skin covering their distal attachments
747
Joint of the upper limb
Sterno Clavicular Joint (SC joint)
articular surfaces covered by
fibrocartilage
748
Joint of the upper limb
Sterno Clavicular Joint (SC joint)
joint capsule
fibrous capsule and synovial membrane
749
Joint of the upper limb
Sterno Clavicular Joint (SC joint)
ligament
anteriorly and posteriorly
sternoclavicular lig
750
Joint of the upper limb
Sterno Clavicular Joint (SC joint)
ligament
superiorly
interclavicular lig.
751
Joint of the upper limb
Sterno Clavicular Joint (SC joint)
ligament
links clavicle to first rib
costoclavicular
752
Joint of the upper limb
Sterno Clavicular Joint (SC joint)
joint cavity contains
articular disk
753
Joint of the upper limb
Sterno Clavicular Joint (SC joint)
type of joint
saddle
| but ball and socket funtionality
754
Joint of the upper limb
Sterno Clavicular Joint (SC joint)
blood supply
internal thoracic a
| suprascapular
755
Joint of the upper limb
Sterno Clavicular Joint (SC joint)
nerve supply
medial supraclavicular n.
| n. to subclavius
756
Joint of the upper limb
Acromioclavicular joint
ligament
mixed with fibrous layer of joint capsule
acromioclavicular lig.
757
Joint of the upper limb
Acromioclavicular joint
ligament
strong lig made of two parts
coracoclavicular
2 parts:
conoid lig
trapezoid lig
758
Joint of the upper limb
Acromioclavicular joint
joint cavity shape
incomplete wedge shaped articular disk
759
Joint of the upper limb
Acromioclavicular joint
joint type
plane
| sliding, a little rotation
760
Joint of the upper limb
Acromioclavicular joint
blood supply
suprascapular
| tharcoacromial
761
Joint of the upper limb
Acromioclavicular joint
nerve supply
supraclavicular
762
Joint of the upper limb
Acromioclavicular joint
dislocation is common when?
a person falls on the shoulder
763
Joint of the upper limb
Glenohumeral joint
joint type
ball and socket
| multi axial
764
Joint of the upper limb
Glenohumeral joint
edge of glenoid cavity is strengthened by
fibrous cartilage
glenoid labrum
765
Joint of the upper limb
Glenohumeral joint
Fibrous layer of capsule has two openings for?
tendon of the long head of biceps brachii
| subscapular bursa
766
Joint of the upper limb
Glenohumeral joint
ligaments
intrinsic
glenohumeral lig
coracohumeral lig
transverse humeral lig
767
Joint of the upper limb
Glenohumeral joint
3 parts of glenohumeral lig
superior
middle
inferior
768
Joint of the upper limb
Glenohumeral joint
extrinsic ligaments
coracoacromial lig----very strong
769
Joint of the upper limb
Glenohumeral joint
subscapular bursa
location
between subscapular m. and neck of scapula
770
Joint of the upper limb
Glenohumeral joint
subacromial (subdeltoid) bursa
location
btw. deltoid and
| supraspinatous
771
Joint of the upper limb
Glenohumeral joint
movements
flexion/extension
abduction/adduction
medial/lateral rotation
circumduction
772
Joint of the upper limb
Glenohumeral joint
muscles moving this joint
groups
axioappendicular muscles-indirectly
scapulohumeral muscles-directly
773
Joint of the upper limb
Glenohumeral joint
blood supply
anterior circumflex humeral a
| posterior circumflex humeral a
774
Joint of the upper limb
Glenohumeral joint
nerve supply
suprascapular
axillary
lateral pectoral
775
Joint of the upper limb
Glenohumeral joint
axillary n. injury
what muscle is paralyzed?
deltoid
| no abduction above horizontal
776
Joint of the Upper Limb
Elbow joint
articulation
bones
humerus
radius
ulna
777
Joint of the Upper Limb
Elbow joint
structures
trochlea
capitulum of the humerus
trochlear notch of the ulna
head of the radius
778
Joint of the Upper Limb
Elbow joint
capsule
layers
fibrous-outer
| synovial-inner
779
Joint of the Upper Limb
Elbow joint
ligaments (3)
radial (lateral) collateral lig
ulnar (medial) collateral lig
annular lig
780
Joint of the Upper Limb
Elbow joint
lateral collateral lig
begins-ends
beg-lateral epicondyle of humerus
| end-mix with annular lig
781
Joint of the Upper Limb
Elbow joint
medial collateral lig
begins-ends
beg-medial epicondyle of humerus
| end- coronoid process and olecranon of the ulna
782
Joint of the Upper Limb
Elbow joint
annular lig
shape
encircles head of radius
783
Joint of the Upper Limb
Elbow joint
annular lig
special feature
proximal radioulnar joint
784
Joint of the Upper Limb
Elbow joint
movement
flex/extension
15 degree angle=carring angle
785
Joint of the Upper Limb
Elbow joint
main muscles
flex=biceps brachii & brachialis
extend=triceps brachii
786
Joint of the Upper Limb
Elbow joint
nerve supply
musculocutaneous n
radial n
ulnar n
787
Joint of the Upper Limb
Proximal Radioulnar joint
joint type
pivot
788
Joint of the Upper Limb
Proximal Radioulnar joint
articulation
head of radius on radial notch of ulna
789
Joint of the Upper Limb
Proximal Radioulnar joint
ligaments
annular lig
790
Joint of the Upper Limb
Proximal Radioulnar joint
movement
supination/pronation
791
Joint of the Upper Limb
Proximal Radioulnar joint
muscles
supinator
pronator quadratus
pronator teres
792
Joint of the Upper Limb
Proximal Radioulnar joint
nerve supply
musculocutaneous n
median n
radial n
793
Joint of the Upper Limb
Distal Radioulnar joint
joint type
pivot
794
Joint of the Upper Limb
Distal Radioulnar joint
articulation
head of ulna w/
ulnar notch of radius
contains articular disk creatin an "L" shape
795
Joint of the Upper Limb
Distal Radioulnar joint
ligaments
palmar
| dorsal radioulnar ligs
796
Joint of the Upper Limb
Distal Radioulnar joint
movement
rotation
797
Joint of the Upper Limb
Distal Radioulnar joint
muscles
supinator m
pronator quadratus
pronator teres
798
Joint of the Upper Limb
Distal Radioulnar joint
blood supply
anterior/posterior interosseous aa
799
Joint of the Upper Limb
Distal Radioulnar joint
nerve supply
anterior/posterior interosseous nn
800
Joint of the Upper Limb
Wrist joint
joint type
type 4-condyloid
801
Joint of the Upper Limb
Wrist joint
articulation
distal end of radius + articular disk + proximal row of carpal
not pisiform
802
Joint of the Upper Limb
Wrist joint
ligaments (4)
palmar radiocarpal lig
dorsal radiocarpal lig
radial collateral lig
ulnar collateral lig
803
Joint of the Upper Limb
Wrist joint
movement
flex/extend
abduct/adduct
circumduction
804
Joint of the Upper Limb
Wrist joint
muscles
flex-FCR & FCU
extend-ECRL, ECRB, & ECU
abduct-FCR, ECRL, & ECRB
adduct-ECU & FCU
805
Joint of the Upper Limb
Wrist joint
blood
palmar carpal arches
| dorsal carpal arches
806
Joint of the Upper Limb
Wrist joint
nerves
anterior interosseous branch of median n
posterior interosseous branch of radial n
807
Joint of the Upper Limb
Intercarpal joint
joint type
type 1- plane joint
808
Joint of the Upper Limb
Intercarpal joint
articulation
joints between the proximal row of carpals
joints between the distal row of carpals
midcarpal joint
pisotriquetral joint
809
Joint of the Upper Limb
Intercarpal joint
ligaments
anterior/posterior interosseous ligaments
810
Joint of the Upper Limb
Intercarpal joint
movement
gliding movement
811
Joint of the Upper Limb
Intercarpal joint
blood
dorsal/palmar carpal arches
812
Joint of the Upper Limb
Intercarpal joint
nerve
anterior interosseous of median n
dorsal branch of ulnar n
deep branch of ulnar n
813
Joint of the Upper Limb
Carpometacarpal (CMC) joint & Intercarpal Joint (IM)
joint type
saddle-type 3
814
Joint of the Upper Limb
Carpometacarpal (CMC) joint & Intercarpal Joint (IM)
articulation
CMC- distal row of carpals w/ base of metacarpals
IM- its neighbor (haha)
815
Joint of the Upper Limb
Carpometacarpal (CMC) joint & Intercarpal Joint (IM)
ligaments
palmar CMC lig and palmar IM lig
dorsal CMC lig and dorsal IM lig
816
Joint of the Upper Limb
Carpometacarpal (CMC) joint & Intercarpal Joint (IM)
movement
(thumb)
flex/extension
abduction/adduction
circumduction
(2-5)
no movement
817
Joint of the Upper Limb
Carpometacarpal (CMC) joint & Intercarpal Joint (IM)
blood supply
palmar/dorsal carpal arches
deep palmar arch
metacarpal aa
818
Joint of the Upper Limb
Carpometacarpal (CMC) joint & Intercarpal Joint (IM)
nerves
anterior interosseous of median n
posterior interosseous of radial n
dorsal branch of ulnar n
deep branch of ulnar n
819
Joint of the Upper Limb
Metacarpophalangeal Joint & Interphlangeal Joint
articulation
MP-head of metacarpals + base of proximal phalanges
proximal IP- heads of proximal phalanges + base of middle phalanges
distal IP- heads of middle phalanges + base of distal phalanges
820
Joint of the Upper Limb
Metacarpophalangeal Joint & Interphlangeal Joint
ligaments
collateral ligaments
palmar fibrous digital sheath
2nd-5th MP united by deep transverse metacarpal ligaments
821
Joint of the Upper Limb
Metacarpophalangeal Joint & Interphlangeal Joint
2nd-5th movement
2nd-5th type 4, condyloid
flexion/extend
abduct/adduct
circumduction
822
Joint of the Upper Limb
Metacarpophalangeal Joint & Interphlangeal Joint
thumb MP
movement
type 2-hinge
| flex/extend
823
Joint of the Upper Limb
Metacarpophalangeal Joint & Interphlangeal Joint
movement
all IP
type 2-hinge
| flexion/extension
824
Joint of the Upper Limb
Metacarpophalangeal Joint & Interphlangeal Joint
blood
common palmar digital aa
| superficial palmar arch
825
Joint of the Upper Limb
Metacarpophalangeal Joint & Interphlangeal Joint
nerves
palmar digital nn
from
median and ulnar nn
