Micro 1 Final Flashcards
(120 cards)
1
Q
Franciella tularensis
Morphology
A
G-R
Pleomorphic
Small
2
Q
Franciella tularensis
AKA
A
Rabbit Fever
Hunter’s Disease
Market Fever
3
Q
Franciella tularensis
Pathogenicity
A
Ulceroglandular: Direct contact on fingers=punched out lesion. Regional lymph swelling. Blood to liver to spleen (possibly lungs)
Pneumonic: Blood or inhalation. High mortality, spead person to person.
Typhoidal: Ingest contaminated food or water. GI disturbance and fever
4
Q
Franciella tularensis
Tests
A
Smears from skin lesions- F.A. stain
Lung= sputum cultured
GI=gastric washing cultured
5
Q
Franciella tularensis
Miscellaneous
Complications
A
Zoonosis Via bare or broken skin Fleas, ticks, rabbit lice Inhalation of dust contaminated by rodents Tulare CA 1912
6
Q
Bacillus Anthracis
Morphology
A
G+R
7
Q
Bacillus Anthracis
AKA
A
Wool sorter’s disease
Black Eschar
Charbon
Anthrax
8
Q
Bacillus Anthracis
Pathogenicity
A
Has Protein Capsule Typically acquired thru spores 3 Types based on portal of entry 1. Cutaneous (most common) 2. Respiratory 3. Intestinal Black central crust=AKA
9
Q
Bacillus Anthracis
Tests
A
none
10
Q
Bacillus Anthracis
Miscellaneous
Complications
A
Occupational Disease
Sheep, Cattle
First pathogen to be seen under microscope
First bacterium proven to be cause of specific disease
11
Q
Haemophilus influenza
Morphology
A
G-R
Small
12
Q
Haemophilus influenza
AKA
A
Pfeiffer’s Bacillus
13
Q
Haemophilus influenza
Pathogenicity
A
Rash=Meningitis
Inflammation of epiglottis
“X” Factor (heme) and “V” Factor (NID/ Coenzyme I)
Exhibits Satellism in presence of S. aureus
14
Q
Haemophilus influenza
Tests
A
Neufeld-Quelling Test (Capsular Swelling)
Requires blood for growth
15
Q
Haemophilus influenza
Complications
A
Opportunist-Secondary Invader
Blood Lover
B=Bad (6 kinds, A-F and B has capsule)
16
Q
Haemophilus aegyptius
Morphology
A
G-R
17
Q
Haemophilus aegyptius
AKA
A
H. conjunctivitis
Koch-weeks bacillus
H. influenza biotype III
18
Q
Haemophilus aegyptius
Pathogenicity
A
Conjunctivitis= Pink eye
Like having sand in eye
Similar to Gonorrhea
Very Contagious
19
Q
Haemophilus aegyptius
Tests
A
Resembles H. Influenza- cannot tell the difference on a smear
20
Q
Haemophilus aegyptius
Complications
A
ALL Haemophilus like Blood (Hae=blood, phil=loving)
21
Q
Haemophilus ducreyi
Morphology
A
G-R
22
Q
Haemophilus ducreyi
AKA
A
none
23
Q
Haemophilus ducreyi
Pathogenicity
A
Chancroid= soft chancre= STD, genital ulcer with swelling and pain
Buboes- enlarged lymph nodes
Transmitted thru Sexual Contact
Mostly males, asymptomatic in females
24
Q
Haemophilus ducreyi
Tests
A
Blood agar plates w/I 10 minutes
Ducrey Skin Test
25
Haemophilus ducreyi
| Complications
```
No Immunity
Remain postive for years
“do cry” b/c it’s an STD and painful
Syphillis has Chancre but it’s not painful
Similar
```
26
Boretella pertussis
| Morphology
G-R
Small
Aerobic
27
Boretella pertussis
| AKA
none
28
Boretella pertussis
| Pathogenicity
Whooping Cough/Pertussis
4 virulence factors= Toxins it produces
3 stages manifested:
1. Catarrhal- 1-2 weeks upper respiratory infection, non-productive cough (no sputum)
2. Paroxsymal- few days to weeks. Repeated cough w/o inhale when finally able to inhale=whooping noise. Vomiting, clear stringy mucous. Hemorrhage/ convulsions. Staph or Haemo may invade
3. Convalescent- 2-4 wks. Occasional cough/whoop for year
29
Boretella pertussis
| Tests
Bordet-Gengou Agar Plate (has potato)- pt cough straight onto plate b/c org. doesn’t like swabbing
DPT Vaccine
F.A. nasophary. smear
30
Boretella pertussis
| Complications
Human respiratory tract
Spread by respiratory droplets
Mostly disease of Young
31
Legionella pneumophilia
| Morphology
G-R
| Aerobic
32
Legionella pneumophilia
| Pathogenicity
```
Legionnarie’s diease=Pneumonia
Warm water- hot tub, vapur, mist, ac systems, water heater
Probably transmitted thru respiratory
Asymptomatic to Deadly
Disorientation
```
33
Legionella pneumophilia
| Tests
Giminez Technique- infected lung tissue put into guinea pigs
| Immunofluorescence provides rapid diagnostic test
34
Legionella pneumophilia
| Complications
Immunosuppressed pts
Avoids our phagocytes=
smart guys
Found at veterans conference, everyone got sick b/c air system
Pontiac fever=same org. causes less severe illness (no pneumonia just flu)
35
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
| Morphology
G-R
36
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
| AKA
Blue Pus
37
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
| Pathogenicity
Wound + burn infections
Cystic fibrosis
In plants (so no plants in ICU or burn units can infect pts)
Nosocomial
38
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
| Complications
Targets immunosuppressed pts.
Very resistant: drugs, temp
Blue Pigment=Pyocyanin
Opportunistic
39
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
| Morphology
no cell wall
40
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
| AKA
Eaton’s Agent
41
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
| Pathogenicity
```
Walking Pneumonia
Damages upper respiratory epithelium
Binds to cilia in Resp. Tract
Not very contagious
2-3 week duration
```
42
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
| Tests
Cold Agglutinins (antibodies- IGG)- clots RBC
43
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
| Complications
Smallest pathogen that can live outside of cell
Lack rigid cell wall
Mycoplasma=smallest free living self-replicating units
#1 cause of Bronchitis
Teens/young adults in late summer/ early fall
44
Rickettsia rickettsii
| Morphology
G-Cocci/Rod
| Pleomorphic
45
Rickettsia rickettsii
| Pathogenicity
Rocking Mountain Spotted Fever
Maculopapular Rash (painful + breaks capillaries=proliferates endothelium)
VECTOR: TICKS
46
Rickettsia rickettsii
| Tests
Weil-Felix Agglutination Reaction: persons serum + PROTEUS
47
Rickettsia rickettsii
| Complications
Arthropod
Obligate Intracellular
Wood tick (Dermacentor andersoni)= Western US
Dog tick (Dermacentor variabilis)= Eastern US
Reservoir= mammal/bird
Spotted Fever Group
48
Rickettsia prowazeki
| Morphology
G-Cocci/Rod
| Pleomorphic
49
Rickettsia prowazeki
| Pathogenicity
Epidemic typhus (louse-borne)
Growth in blood vessel endothelium and high temperatures
Macular rash on trunk, spreads to extremities
Death occurs by myocardial/ neurological problem w/i 2-3 weeks
Brills Disease/ Brill-Zinsser= pt had disease and is carrier. May reoccur in milder form w/o rash
VECTOR: LICE
50
Rickettsia prowazeki
| Tests
Weil-Felix Agglutination Reaction: persons serum + PROTEUS
51
Rickettsia prowazeki
| Complications
```
Arthropod
Obligate Intracellular
Substandard living conditions
Human body louse is the vector
Transmitted: feces, vomit, louse bite. Louse feces may be scratched into bite
Napolean’s Retreat
40-60% pts are over 60 yo
Mortality lowest in children
Hypotension
Oligera (some “O” word, no details in class)
```
52
Rickettsia typhi
| Morphology
G-Cocci/Rod
| Pleomorphic
53
Rickettsia typhi
| Pathogenicity
```
Endemic typhus (murine typhus)= mild form of typhus
VECTOR: RAT FLEAS
```
54
Rickettsia typhi
| Complications
Arthropod
Obligate Intracellular
Reservoir= rat the infection is not apparent + long lasting
55
Rickettsialpox
| Morphology
G-Cocci/Rod
| Pleomorphic
56
Rickettsialpox
| Pathogenicity
Transmitted by Rickettsia akari
Reservoir=Mice
Vector=Mite (like dust mite)
57
Rickettsialpox
| Complications
Mild disease with rash like varicella
58
Scrub typhus
| Morphology
G-Cocci/Rod
| Pleomorphic
59
Scrub typhus
| Pathogenicity
Transmitted by R. tsutsugamushi
Reservoir= Rodents
Vector= Mite
60
Q Fever
| Morphology
G-Cocci/Rod
| Pleomorphic
61
Q Fever
| Pathogenicity
Transmitted via Coxiella burnetti
Reservoir=Cattle, Sheep, Goats
Vector=None; inhalation of dust
62
Q Fever
| Complications
Resembles influenza or nonbacterial pneumonia
Seen in cattle herds in California (stinkin librals)
*Forms Endospores
63
Chlamydia trachomatis-Immunotypes L1-L3
| Pathogenicity
Lymphogranuloma Venereum (LGV)
3 stages:
1. Incubation 1-3 weeks, blisters on genitals, urethra + anal canal, shallow ulcer forms (painless + overlooked)
2. Weeks 2-4, invades *inguinal + pelvic lymph causing buboes, fever, aches, arthritic + conjunctival symptoms, may involve CNS
3. Urogenitoperineal syndrome, Elephantiasis of penis + scrotum in males, labia and clitoris in females, rectal stenosis, stricture
64
Chlamydia trachomatis-Immunotypes L1-L3
| Tests
Frei Test: injection of killed organism into skin; delayed skin reaction develops if present (like Mantoux/ PPD); Delayed hypersensitivity test
65
Chlamydia trachomatis-Immunotypes L1-L3
| Complications
STD
| Tropical/Temperate zones
66
```
Chlamydia psittaci (pronounced sitachee)
Pathogenicity
```
Psittacosis/ Ornithosis (pneumonia)
Infect birds
Enters respirator tract from inhalation of infected, dried bird feces and infects lung tissues
67
```
Chlamydia psittaci (pronounced sitachee)
Tests
```
Isolated from blood, lung and sputum in fatal cases
| Antibody tests
68
```
Chlamydia psittaci (pronounced sitachee)
Complications
```
Obligate Intracellular
69
Chlamydia trachomatis- trachoma strain
| Pathogenicity
Ocular strain
Chronic inflammation of conjunctiva
Repeated re-infections causes eyelid to turn inward
May be transmitted to other parts of body so don’t touch eye
70
Chlamydia trachomatis- trachoma strain
| Tests
Diagnosed on basis of pathologic findings
Flourescent antibodies
Must be grown not on agar
71
Chlamydia trachomatis- trachoma strain
| Complications
Obligate Intracellular (Must have a host cell)
Smallest and most primitive of cellular organisms
Endemic to Middle East; in USA
Organism unable to synthesize their own ATP but do everything else on their own
`
72
Chlamydia trachomatis- I.C. Strain
| Pathogenicity
Inclusion Conjunctivitis, Venereal infections and Infant Pneumonitis
Venereal: Most common cause of Nongonocccal urethritis (NGU) in men, cervical infection, fallopian tube infection/ sterility in women, major etiological agent in Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)-women
Infant: Infected at birth from birth canal, develop otitis media (middle ear) infection with same organism
Inclusion: babies born to infected mothers have mild eye infections, adults transmit thru fingers and towels and manifest acutely
73
Chlamydia trachomatis- I.C. Strain
| Tests
Tear Antibody (use patients tears)
Giemsa stain
Immunoflourescence
Culture
74
Chlamydia trachomatis- I.C. Strain
| Complications
Most prevalent STD Strain
75
Chlamydia trachomatis- I.C. Strain
| AKA
TRIC= Trachoma- Inclusion Conjunctivitis
76
Treponema pallidum
| Morphlogy
G-Spirochete (axial filament, peritrichous flagella)
77
Treponema pallidum
| AKA
The Great Imitator
78
Treponema pallidum
| Pathogenicity
Syphilis
4 stages:
1. Primary- Papule (hard chancre), w/I 3 weeks
2. Secondary- Lesions of mucous membranes, CNS, eye or bones; spirochetes isolated from lesions
3. Latent- 2/3 resolve, 1/3 go to tertiary
4. Tertiary- 3-30 years, gumma (granulomatous lesion) appears on body (heart, lungs, brain, anywhere)
79
Treponema pallidum
| Tests
```
Darkfield Microscopy
FTA (Flourescent antibody)
Wasserman
Kahn
Kline
Kolmer
C.F.
V.D.R.L.
```
80
Treponema pallidum
| Complications
Organism present in lesion
Transmitted thru sexual contact, less commonly congenital
Immunity NOT conferred following infection
81
Treponema pallidum- variety endemic syphilis
| Morphlogy
G-Spriochete
82
Treponema pallidum- variety endemic syphilis
| Pathogenicity
Bejel- Endemicum, Non-Venereal childhood Syphillis
| Oral mucosa manifests initial lesions, spreads to skin, bone, nasopharynx as gummata
83
Treponema pallidum- variety endemic syphilis
| Complications
Person to person thru drinking + eating utinsils
84
Treponema pertenue
| Morphlogy
G-Spriochete
85
Treponema pertenue
| Pathogenicity
Yaws- affects jaws
| Causes face disfigurement- once confused with leprosy
86
Treponema pertenue
| Complications
Spread via open ulcers or by vectors such as flies
87
Treponema carateum
| Morphlogy
G-Spriochete
88
Treponema carateum
| Pathogenicity
Pinta- Red or flue flat areas
| After long period of time de-pigmentation occurs
89
Treponema carateum
| Complications
Spread via direct person to person contact
90
Treponema vincentii (Borrelia)
+
Bacteroides melaninogenicus
Morphology
G-Spirochete
+
G-Fusiform Rod
91
Treponema vincentii (Borrelia)
+
Bacteroides melaninogenicus
AKA
Vincent’s angina
Fusospirochetal disease
Acute Necrotizing Ulcerative Gingivitis
92
Treponema vincentii (Borrelia)
+
Bacteroides melaninogenicus
Pathogenicity
Trench Mouth- ulceration of the gums
Vincent’s angina/ fusospirochetal- ulceration of throat and tonsils
Foul oral smell of death*
93
Treponema vincentii (Borrelia)
+
Bacteroides melaninogenicus
Miscellaneous/ Complications
Normal inhabitants of oral cavity
Secondary invadors of an initial lesion
Sometimes has pseudomembrane formation
Must be together to cause problem
94
Borrelia recurrentis
| Morphology
Spirochete- largest of pathogenic
95
Borrelia recurrentis
| AKA
Louse-Borne Relapsing Fever
96
Borrelia recurrentis
| Pathogenicity
Epidemic Relapsing Fever
Tenderness of spleen
Jaundice
Fever and Chills due to excessive spriochetes in blood
97
Borrelia recurrentis
| Miscellaneous/ Complications
Cosmopolitan
| Only species transmitted Human to Human via body louse
98
Borrelia duttonii
| Morphology
Spirochete
99
Borrelia duttonii
| AKA
Tick-Borne Relapsing Fever
100
Borrelia duttonii
| Pathogenicity
Endemic Relapsing Fever
| Similar to above
101
Borrelia duttonii
| Miscellaneous/ Complications
Transovarial (transmitted to tick offspring)
102
Borrelia burgdorferi
| AKA
Lyme Borreliosis
103
Borrelia burgdorferi
| Pathogenicity
Lyme Disease
Spreads thru blood to organs like heart, joints and CNS
Target or bulls eye at site of bite
Rash called Erythema Chronicum Migrans
3 stages:
1. Painless rash (ECM)
2. Cardiac + Neurologic involvement, acute (aseptic) meningitis, cranial neuropathies=** 7th nerve palsy (Bell’s Palsy)
104
Borrelia burgdorferi
| Tests
Detect IgM and rising IgG antibody by the ELISA or Immunofluoresence test
PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction)
Western Blot Analyses
105
Borrelia burgdorferi
| Miscellaneous/ Complications
Early Detection is key before it attacks heart
Acute (Aseptic) not bacterial and doesn’t grow on agar
Symptoms also include stiff neck, fever, headache, backache, arthritis, cardiac + neurological problems
106
Leptospira interrogans
| Morphology
Spirochete
107
Leptospira interrogans
| AKA
Weil’s Disease
Infectious Jaundice
Black Vomit
108
Leptospira interrogans
| Pathogenicity
Hemorrhage of the skin
| Multiplies in blood and infects liver, kidney, lungs, meninges and conjunctiva
109
Leptospira interrogans
| Tests
Spirochete detection in blood and urine
| Antibodies in 1 week Agglutination test
110
Leptospira interrogans
| Miscellaneous/ Complications
Rare in US
111
Salmonella Food Poisoning
Infection, 2nd most common form of food poisoning
112
Staphylococcus Food Poisoning
Intoxication, Enterotoxin (exotoxin) is heat stable
113
Clostridium Botulinum
Food Poisoning: Intoxication, Toxin is heat labile (boiling inactivates toxin)
114
Listeria monocytogenes
soft cheeses, raw milk; spontaneous abortion, stillbirth meningitis septicemia, GI symptoms may precede
115
Yersinia enterocolitica
unpasteurized dairy products; abdominal pain in lower right quadrant, fever, diarrhea (mistaken for appendicitis)
116
Water is checked for E.Coli b/c
means fecal matter is present
Other organisms could be present typhoid bacillus, hepatitis virus, polio virus, desentary bacilli, amoebic dysentery; E.coli is easiest to test for
117
Classical test
Coliform Test
118
Coliform Test
3 steps
Step 1
1. presumptive: lactose containing broth has durham tube and phenol red for pH indicator
119
Coliform Test
3 steps
Step 2
2. Confirmed: Lactose culture (+ yellow), acid, gas (durham tube); metallic green colonies bc pH drops= E. coli; purple, mucoid colonies= Enterobacter aerogenes
120
Coliform Test
3 steps
Step 3
3. Completed: re-inoculate into lactose broth as in presumptive and test again to make sure
