Tumors

Question 1

anaplasia

Answer 1

loss of cellular differentiation and function

Question 2

atrophy

Answer 2

a wasting

decrease in size of an organ or tissue

Question 3

benign

Answer 3

not recurrent or progressive

Question 4

cachexia

Answer 4

a state of ill health

Question 5

cancer

Answer 5

malignant neoplasm marked by uncontrolled growth and the spread by abnormal cells

Question 6

cancer in epithleial cells

Answer 6

carcinomas

Question 7

cancer in mesenchymal tissues

Answer 7

sarcomas

Question 8

carcinoma in situ

Answer 8

a new growth or malignant tumor that occurs in epithelial tissue and do not extend beyond the basement membrane

Question 9

carcinogen

Answer 9

any substance or agent that produces cancer or increases the risk of developing cancer

Question 10

carcinogenises

Answer 10

the production or origin of cancer

Question 11

co-carcinogen

Answer 11

a chemical or enviromental factor that enhances the action of a carcinogen

Question 12

chemotherapy

Answer 12

the application of chemical reagents that have specific and toxic effect on a disease causing pathogen

Question 13

contact inhibition

Answer 13

the natural process of arresting cell growth when two or more cells come into contact with each other

Question 14

when does contact inhibition fail?

Answer 14

malignant neoplasia growth

Question 15

embolus

Answer 15

clot that is moving in circulation

Question 16

etiology

Answer 16

the study of the cause of disease

Question 17

hemangioma

Answer 17

a benign tumor composed of newly formed blood vessels

Question 18

hematoma

Answer 18

a swelling or mass of blood, usually clotted, confined to an organ

Question 19

infiltration

Answer 19

the process of a substance passing into and being deposited within the substance of a cell

Question 20

leukemia

Answer 20

a malignancy of the blood forming cells in the bone marrow

Question 21

lymphadenopathy

Answer 21

disease of the lymph nodes

Question 22

malaise

Answer 22

a generalized feeling of discomfort

Question 23

malignant

Answer 23

growing worse, resisting treatment

Question 24

metastasis

Answer 24

movement of cells from one part of the body to another

Question 25

neoplasm

Answer 25

a new formation of tissue

Question 26

oncogenesis

Answer 26

tumor formation and development

Question 27

oncogene

Answer 27

a potentially cancer inducing gene

Question 28

prodromal

Answer 28

pertaining to the initial stage of a disease the interval b/w earliest symptoms and apperance of rash or fever

Question 29

sarcoma

Answer 29

a cancer arising from connective (mesenchymal) tissue

Question 30

sign

Answer 30

abnormally noted by an observer

Question 31

stroma

Answer 31

the supporting tissue or matrix of and organ or tumor

Question 32

symptom

Answer 32

abnormally noted by a patient

Question 33

syndrome

Answer 33

a group of symptoms and signs of disordered function related to one another by means of some peculiarity

Question 34

tumor

Answer 34

a swelling or enlargement, one of four classic signs of inflammation

Question 35

tumor angiogenesis factor

Answer 35

a protein present in animal and human cancer tissue

Question 36

tumor marker

Answer 36

a substance whose presence in blood serum serves as a biochemical indicator for the presence of a malignancy

Question 37

benign tumor characteristics

Answer 37

1. grow by expansion

Question 38

benign tumor characteristics

Answer 38

2. round, smooth, and regular to palpate

Question 39

benign tumor characteristics

Answer 39

3. rarely cause severe problems

Question 40

benign tumor characteristics

Answer 40

4. tend to grow slowly and not recur may cause pressure effects

Question 41

benign tumor characteristics

Answer 41

5. histologically, benign tumors are well-differentiated, closely resembeling tissue of origin

Question 42

Malignant tumor characteristics

Answer 42

1. grow by local invasion and infiltration with destruction of surrounding tissue

Question 43

Malignant tumor characteristics

Answer 43

2. usually poorly circumscribed and unencapsulated

Question 44

Malignant tumor characteristics

Answer 44

3. tumor often fixed to other surrounding tissues

Question 45

Malignant tumor characteristics

Answer 45

4.rough and irregular to palpation, may cause ulceration

Question 46

Malignant tumor characteristics

Answer 46

5. grow rapidly and difficult to remove surgically in their entirety

Question 47

Malignant tumor characteristics

Answer 47

6. chief definitive feature of malignant tumors is their tendency to spread locally, and metastasis

Question 48

Malignant tumor characteristics

Answer 48

7. histologically, malignancies are poorly differentiated aggressive tumors show frequent mitosis

Question 49

what are intermediate tumors?

Answer 49

tumors that are between benign and malignant

Question 50

examples of intermediate tumors

Answer 50

ganglioneuroblastoma | giant cell tumor

Question 51

suffix meaning tumor

Answer 51

-oma

Question 52

if naming a malignant tumor you must determine what?

Answer 52

the parent tissue

Question 53

parent tissue = epithelial

Answer 53

carcinoma

Question 54

parent tissue = connective tissue

Answer 54

sarcoma

Question 55

suffix indicating a malignancy arising in embryoic tissue in precurser cells

Answer 55

-blastoma

Question 56

T or F | lymphoma, leukemia, and myloma are all malignancies

Answer 56

T

Question 57

What is a benign tumor in chorionic epithelium

Answer 57

hydatiform mole

Question 58

malignancy in choronic epithelium

Answer 58

choriocarcinoma

Question 59

What is largely responsible for the generation of malignant cells?

Answer 59

genetic mutations

Question 60

What are two major categories of mutated genes?

Answer 60

1. oncogenes | 2. tumor suppressor genes

Question 61

What are tumor suppressor genes?

Answer 61

inherent genes that play a role in cell division and DNA repair and are critical for detecting inappropriate cell growth signals

Question 62

What are the categories of carcinogens?

Answer 62

1. viruses 2. radiation 3. chemical

Question 63

cytomegalovirus

Answer 63

kaposi's sarcoma

Question 64

epstein-barr virus

Answer 64

burkitt's lymphoma, immunoblastic lymphoma, nasopharyngeal carcinoma

Question 65

hep B

Answer 65

hepatocellular carcinoma

Question 66

herpesvirus 8

Answer 66

kaposi's sarcoma

Question 67

HIV

Answer 67

kaposi's sarcoma, lymphoma

Question 68

HPV

Answer 68

cervical carcinoma

Question 69

human t cell lymphotropic virus

Answer 69

t-cell lymphomas, hairy cell leukemia