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Anatomy/Biochem Random Flashcards

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1
Q

upward proximal fragment in fracture of clavicle

A

sternocleidomastoid

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2
Q

fatal hemorrhage clavicle fracture

A

subclavian vein

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3
Q

nerve clavicle fracture

A

medial brachial and antebrachial cutaneous nerves

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4
Q

calcification of superior transvere scapular ligament

A

compress suprascapular nerve

affects supra and infraspinatus muscles

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5
Q

fracture greater tuberosity

A

violent contraction supraspinatus

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6
Q

fracture surgical necek

A

axillary

posterior humeral circumflex artery

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7
Q

fracture shaft

A

radial nerve and deep brachial artery

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8
Q

supracondylar fracture

A

injury to median nerve

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9
Q

fracture of medial epicondyle

A

damage ulnar nerve

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10
Q

fracture scaphoid

A

damage radial artery

avascular necrosis of bone and degenerative joint disease

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11
Q

fracture hamate

A

ulnar nerve and artery

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12
Q

entrapment ulnar nerve

A

Guyon’s canal syndroem

canal formed by pisiform, hook of hamate, pisohamate ligament

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13
Q

location of dislocation shoulder joint

A

anteroinferior

damage axillary and posterior humeral circumflex vessels

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14
Q

Cooper’s ligaments

A

shortening in breast cancer causes dimpling of skin

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15
Q

cause of inverted nipple

A

attachment to lactiferous ducts

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16
Q

injury radical mastectomy

A

long thoracic and thoracodorsal nerves

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17
Q

no paresthesia in Carpal tunnel over thenar eminence

A

palmar cutaneous branch of median nerve

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18
Q

weakness supination and flexion of forearm

A

musculocutaneous

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19
Q

fractured femoral head

A

shortened limb with medial rotation

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20
Q

fractured neck of femur

A

shorter with lateral rotation

interrupts supply from medial femoral circumflex artery

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21
Q

dislocated knee injury

A

popliteral artery

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22
Q

injection site

A

superior lateral quadrant

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23
Q

pressure on sciatic nerve

A

piriformis

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24
Q

avulsion of ischial tuberosity

A

hamstring pull

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25
common cause of shin splints
tibialis anterior muscle
26
avulsion Achilles
unable to use triceps surae | unable to plantar flex
27
ankle sprain
calcaneofibular and talofibular ligament injury
28
flat foot
loss of medial longitudinal arch
29
weakness in adduction and lateral swinging of limb
obturator damage
30
impaired flexion of hip and extension of leg
femoral nerve | due to paralysis of quad femoris
31
loss of plantar flexion
tibial nerve | paralysis of tibilais posterior
32
cruciate anastomosis
first perforating artery inferior gluteal artery transverse-medial and lateral femoral circumflex
33
bypass politeal aneurysm
genicular anastomoses
34
abnormal insertions of anterior and middle scalene muscles
can cause thoracic outlet | compres C8-T1
35
injury to recurrent laryngeal nerve
carcinoma, enlargement of mediastinal LN, aneurysm, thyroid surgery
36
epigastric hernia
protrusion through defect in linea alba
37
location inguinal hernia
superior to inguinal ligmanet | medial to pubic tubercle
38
cause inguinal hernia
persistence of processus vaginalis
39
direct inguinal hernia
weakened area of abdominal wall muscles
40
creamsteric reflex
afferent-femoral of genitofemoral, ilioinguinal | efferent-genital branch of genitofemoral
41
abnormal formation of urorectal septum
anorectal agenesis
42
Pringle maneuver
clamping hepatoduodenal ligament containing portal triad
43
extravasted urine
rupture bulbous portion of spongy urethra urine into superficial perineal space-cannot spread laterally into thigh due to inferior fascia and cannot spread posteriorly due to colles fascia
44
rupture membranous portion of urethra
urine can extravasate upward around prostate
45
phismosis
foreskin cannot be fully retracted due to narrow opening
46
pudendal nerve block
point toward ischial spine | subq medial to ischial tuberosity
47
excision in vasectomy
ducus deferens of vas deferens
48
contents sperm
fructose and choline
49
spondylolisthesis
forward slip of one vertebra | usually 5th lumbar over sacrum
50
stiff neck from reduction in number of cervical vertebrae
Klippel-Feil syndrome
51
whiplash
most commonly at C4/C5
52
Hangman fracture
cruciform ligament is torn and spinal cord is crushed
53
tethered cord syndrome
defective closure of neural tube | abnormally low conus
54
saddle block
into dural sac
55
torticollis
turned to opposite side
56
Eagle syndrome compression
glossopharyngeal nerve | due to excessive calcification of styloid process
57
central venous line
placed into internal jugular or subclavian
58
tracheotomy
between 3rd and 4th cartilage rings
59
cricothyroid
through skin and cricothyroid membrane | could get anterior jugular in midline
60
retrophyaryngeal abscess
can spread to mediastinum through retrophyaryngeal space
61
mandible posteriorly and superiorly
fracture bony auditory canal and floor of middle cranial fossa
62
injury in tonsillectomy
glossopharyngeal nerve
63
injury to external larygneal nerve
accompanies superior thyroid artery | causes paralysis of cricothyroid muscle
64
deficiency of glut 1
decrease glucose in CSF | present with seizures
65
aldolase def
cannot cleave F16BP | hemolytic anemia and rhabdomyolysis after febrile illness
66
triose phosphate isomease deficiency
cannot isomerize dihydroxyacetone to G3P hemolytic anemia hypotonia and cardiomyopathy
67
maturity onset diabetes
defect in glucokinase
68
phosphofructose deficiency
hemolytic anemia and muscle cramps
69
arsenic inhibits
PDHC | impaired acetyl CoA production
70
PDHC deficiency
nuerodegenerative abnormal mitochondrial metabolism lactate buildup
71
pyruvate carboxylase deficiency
accumulation of lactic acid | no pyruvate to OAA
72
mitochondrial encephalopathy, lactic acidosis
I MELAS
73
loss of central vision
LHON III
74
retinopathy and cardiac conduction def
II Kearns Sayre
75
mutation in ALS
superoxide dismutase
76
fatty infiltration of liver and kidney
PEPCK deficiency
77
neonatal hypoglycemia and normal muscular
def F16BP
78
muscle cramping and myoglobinuria after intense exercise
lactate dehydrogenase
79
reducing surgars
fructokinase def
80
increased risk of E. coli infection
galactose 1 phosphate uridyltransferase def | galactosemia
81
A in ABO
n-acetylgalactosamine
82
B in ABO
galactose
83
I cell def
cannot add M6P | accumulate in large inclusion bodies
84
causes of chylous ascites
surgery, trauma, lymphomas
85
def of carnitine transport
impairs transport of LCFA into mitochondria
86
MCAD def
``` def of acy CoA dehydrogenase fatty acids cannot be fully oxidized ```
87
impaired formation of peroxisome
Zellwegger | accumulation of LCFA
88
adrenoleukodystrophy
accumulation of VLCFA
89
low HDL and enlarged liver
Tangier | cholesterol cannot bind apoA
90
increased citrulline
argininosuccinate synthetase def
91
hyperammoneima
seen in arginosuccinate lyase
92
increase propinoyl CoA and metayl citrate
methyl malonyl CoA mutase def
93
defect in homocystinuria
cystathione beta synthase | leads to increase homocystine and methionine

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