Immuno Random Flashcards
(156 cards)
1
Q
primary vs secondary follicles in LN
A
primary dense and dormant
secondary have pale central germinal centers and are active
2
Q
enlargement of paracortex
A
extreme cellular immune response-viral infection
3
Q
para-aortic LN
A
testes, ovaries, kidneys, uterus
4
Q
popliteal
A
dorsolateral foot, posterior calf
5
Q
thoracic duct
A
left subclavian and internal jugular veins
6
Q
superficial inguinal
A
anal canal below pectinate, skin below umbilicus, scrotum, vulva
7
Q
location spleen
A
anterior to left kidney
9th-11th ribs
8
Q
PALS in spleen
A
T cells
9
Q
splenic dysfunction
A
decrease IgM leads to increase encapsulated organism
10
Q
post-splenectomy
A
Howell-Jolly
target cells
thrombocytosis
lymphocytosis
11
Q
thymus
A
third pharyngeal pouch
12
Q
thymoma
A
myasthenia gravis and superior vena cava syndrome
13
Q
location Hassall corpuscles
A
in thymus
14
Q
physical barriers innate immunity
A
epithelial tight junctions, mucus
15
Q
antigen loading MHC I
A
loaded onto MHC I in RER after delivery via TAP
16
Q
antigen loading MHC II
A
loaded following release of invariant chain in an acidified endosome
17
Q
associated proteins MHC I
A
beta2 microglobulin
18
Q
associated proteins MHC II
A
invariant chain
19
Q
A3
A
hemochormatosis
20
Q
B8
A
addison, myasthenia gravis, Graves
21
Q
B27
A
psoriatic arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, IBD associated arthritis, reactive arthritis
22
Q
DQ2/8
A
celiac disease
23
Q
DR2
A
MS, hay fever, SLE, Goodpasture syndrome
24
Q
DR3
A
T1DM, SLE, graves, hashimoto, addison
25
DR4
rheumatoid arthritis, T1DM, addison
26
DR5
pernicious anemia, hashimoto
27
NK apoptosis
use perforin and granzyme
28
enhancement NK
IL-2, IL-12, IFN-alpha, IFN-beta
29
defective AIRE
autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome 1
30
secretion Th1
IFN gamma, IL-2
31
inhibition Th1
IL-4 and IL-10
32
secretion Th2
IL-4,5,6,10,13
33
inhibition Th2
IFN gamma
34
expression reg T cells
3,4,25 FOXP3
| produce anti-inflammatory cytokines
35
IPEX
defect in FOXP3
| enteropathy, endocrinopathy, nail dystrophy, dermatitis
36
associations IPEX
diabetes in male infants
37
T cell activation
B7/28
38
B cell classification
CD40/40L
39
Fab
fragment antigen binding
40
Fc
constant
carboxy terminal
carbohydrate side chains
determines isotype
41
recombination of VDJ heavy chain
recobination
42
Tdt
random addition of nucleotides to DNA during recombination
43
somatic hypermutation and affinity maturation
variable region
44
isotype switching
constant region
45
crossing IgA by
transcytosis
46
monomer vs dimer IgA
monomer in circulation
| dimer with J chain secreted
47
thymus independent antigens
lack peptide component
weakly immunogenic, require boosters and adjuvants
ex-LPS
48
thymus dependent antigens
```
contain protein
class switching and immunologic memory occur
```
49
acute phase reactants upregulated
```
c-reactive protein
ferritin
fibrinogen
hepcidin
amyloid A
```
50
acute phase reactants down regulated
albumin
| transferrin
51
c-reactive protein
opsonin, fixes complement
52
hepcidin
decrease iron absoprtion by downregulating ferroportin and decrease release
53
reduction of albumin
conserves amino acids for positive reactants
54
anaphylaxis complement
c3a, 4a, 5a
55
c5a
neutrophil chemotaxis
56
inhibitors complement
DAF (CD55) and C1 esterase inhibitor
57
c3 deficiency
increases risk of pyogenic sinus and respiratory tract infection
increased type III HSR
58
labs c1 esterase inhibitor deficiency
increase bradykinin
| decrease C4
59
Il-12
activates NK cells
| induces activation of T cells into Th1 cells
60
TNF alpha
activates endothelium
| causes cachexia in malignancy
61
mediates sepsis
IL-1,6, TNF-alpha
62
functions like GM-CSF
IL-3
63
enhances class switching to IgE and IgG
IL-4
64
color of sputum
MPO
65
pyocyanin of P. aeruginoas
generate ROS kills competing microbes
66
lactoferrin
from secretory fluids and neutrophils that inhibits microbial growth via iron chelation
67
function interferon
glycoproteins synthesized from virus infected cells priming other cells for viral defense
68
CD56
NK cells
69
hematopoietic stem cells
CD34
70
superantigens
```
cross link beat region of T cell receptor to MHC class II on APCs
activate CD4 T cells
```
71
endotoxins
stimulate macrophages by binding CD14
72
bacteria antigenic variation
salmonella (2 flagellar variants)
borrelia
gonorrhea (pilus protein)
73
virus antigenic variation
influenza, HIV, HCV
74
parasite variation
trypanosomes
75
examples of passive immunity
IgA in breast milk, maternal IgG crossing placenta, antitoxin, humanized monoclonal antibody
76
examples of active immunity
natural infection, vaccines, toxoid
77
uses of passive immunity
```
tetanus
botulism
HBV
varicella
rabies
```
78
examples of live attenuated vaccine
BCG, influenza, measles, mumps, polio (Sabin), rotavirus, rubella, varicella, yellow fever
79
inactivated vaccine examples
rabies, influenza, polio (Salk), hep A
80
direct coombs
detects Ab attached directly to RBC surface
81
indirect coombs
detects presence of unbound antibodies in serum
82
characterizations arthus reaction
edema, necrosis, and activation of complement
| from injection
83
anaphylaxis infusion
IgA deficiency
84
febrile nonhemolytic transfusion reaction
type II HSR
| host antibodies against honor HLA antigens and WBCs
85
acute hemolytic transfusion reaction
type II HSR
| intravascular hemolysis or extravascular
86
transfusion related acute lung injury
anti-leukocyte antibodies against recipient neutrophils and pulmonary endothelial cells
results in respiratory distress and noncardiogenic pulmonary edema
87
anti-beta 2 glycoprotein
antiphospholipid syndrome
88
anticardiolipin lupus anticoargulant
SLE
89
anti-desmoglein
pemphigus vulgaris
90
anti-glutamic acid decarboxylase, islet cell cytoplasmic antibodies
T1DM
91
anti-hemidesmosomes
bullous pemphigoid
92
antisynthetase, anti-SRP, anti-helicase
poliomyositis, dermatomyositis
93
anti-mitochondrial
primary biliary cirrhosis
94
anti-phospholipase A2
primary membranous nephropathy
95
anti-DNA topo I
scleroderma
96
anti-smoth muscle
autoimmune hepatitis type 1
97
Ab rheumatoid arthritis
rheumatoid factor
| anti-CCP (more specific)
98
anti-dsDNA, anti-Smith
SLE
99
anti-U1 RNP
mixed connective tissue disease
100
risks CVID
autoimmune disease, bronchiectasis, lymphoma, sinopulmonary infection
101
DiGeorge cardiac
tetrology of Fallot, truncus arteriosus
102
findings IL-12 receptor deficiency
decrease IFN-gamma
103
presentation IL-12 receptor deficiency
mycobacterial and fungal infections
104
hyper-IgE syndrome
AD from STAT mutation
105
findings hyper IgE
decrease IFN gamma increase IgE
106
presentation hyper IgE
coarse facies, staph abscesses, retained teeth, eczema
107
chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis
from T cell dysfunction
| absent response to candida and cutaneous reaction
108
cure SCID
bone marrow transplant
109
genetics ataxia telangiectasia
defects in ATM
| failure to repair DNA ds breaks
110
findings ataxia telangiectasia
increase AFP
| decrease IgA, IgE, IgG
111
risk ataxia telangiectasia
increase risk of lymphoma and leukemia
112
cause hype IgM syndrome
defective CD40L
113
WASP genetics
WASP gene-unable to reorganize actin cytoskeleton
114
presentation Wiskott-Aldrich
thrombocytopenia, eczema, recurrent infections
115
risk wiskott-aldrich
autoimmune disease and malignancy
116
leukocyte adhesion deficiency
CD18
117
genetics Chediak-Higashi syndrome
LYST leading to MT dysfunction in phagosome-lysosome fusion
118
presentation chediak-higashi
pyogenic infection, partial albinism, peripheral neuropathy, progressive neurodegeneration, infiltative lymphohistiocytosis
119
decrease granulocytes bacteria
staph, burkholderia, pseudomonas, serratia, nocardia
120
fungal decrease granulocytes
candida, aspergillus, mucor
121
hyperacute transplant rejection
widespread thrombosis of graft vessels
| type II HSR
122
cellular acute rejection
CD8 against donor MHC (type IV HSR)
123
features acute rejection
vasculitis with interstitial lymphocytic infiltrate
124
chronic rejection
CD4 T respond to recipient APCs
| both type 2 and type 4 HSR
125
features chronic rejection
proliferation of smooth muscle, parenchymal atrophy, interstiail fibrosis
126
chronic rejection lung
bronchiolitis obliterans
127
chronic rejection heart
accelerated atherosclerosis
128
chronic rejection kidney
nephropathy
129
chronic rejection liver
vanishing bile duct syndrome
130
common GVHD
bone marrow and liver transplants
131
MOA cyclosporine
calcineurin inhibitor binding cyclophilin preventing IL-2 transcirption
132
side effect cyclosporine
nephrotoxicity
| gingival hyperplasia
133
tacrolimus
binds FK506 blocking IL-2 transcirption
134
side effect tacrolimus
risk of diabets and neurotoxicity
| nephrotoxic
135
sirolimus
mTOR inhibitor binds FKBP
| prevents IL-2 response
136
side effects sirolimus
pancytopenia, insulin resistance, hyperlipidemia
137
basiliximab
blocks IL-2R
138
aldesleukin
used in RCC, melanoma
139
Filgrastim vs sargramostim
granulocyte vs GM-CSF
140
IFN-beta
MS
141
IFN-gamma
chronic granulomatous disease
142
romiplostim and eltrombopag
used for thrombocytopenia
| analog and agonist for thrombopoietin
143
oprelvekin
IL-11
| thrombocytopenia
144
alemtuzumab
CD52 for CLL and MS
145
bevacizumab
VEGF
146
cetuximab
EGFR
147
rituximab
CD20
148
daclizumab
CD25-part of IL-2 receptor for MS
149
eculizumab
complement C5 target for PNH
150
natalizumab
alpha4 integrin
| risk of PML in patients with JC virus
151
ustekinumab
IL-12/23 for psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis
152
abciximab
binds IIb/IIIa
| percutaneous coronary intervention
153
denosumab
RNAKL inhibits osteoclast maturation (mimics osteoprotegerin)
154
omalizumab
prevents IgE bindign to Fc
155
palivizumab
RSV prophylaxis
| targets RSV F protein
156
bevacizumab
VEGF target
| for macular degeneration, proliferative diabetic retinopathy and macular edema
