Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Step One > Heme/Onc > Flashcards

Heme/Onc Flashcards

(110 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

residual ribosomal RNA

A

bluish color on Wright Giemsa

reticulocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

contents dense granules

A

in thrombocyte

ADP and Ca

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

contents alpha granules leukocytes

A

vWF, fibronogen, fibronectin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

granules in neutrophil

A

leukocyte alkaline phosphatase
collagenase
lysozyme and lactoferrin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

neutrophil chemotactic

A

c5a, IL8, kallikrein, LTB4, platelet activating factor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

activation macrophages

A

IFN gamma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

initiation of septic shock

A

lipid A from LPS binds CD14 on macs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

causes of eosinophilia

A 
neoplasia
asthma
allergic processes
chronic adrenal insufficiency 
parasites
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

products eosinophils

A

histamine, major basic protein, eosinophil peroxidase, eosinophil cationic protein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

basophilia

A

CML

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

prevention mast cell degranulation

A

cromolyn

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

costim for T cells

A

CD28

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

fetal erythropoiesis

A 
yolk sac 3-8 weeks
liver 6-birth
spleen 10-28 weeks
bone marrow 
Young liver synthesizes blood
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

higher O2 binding fetal Hb

A

less avid binding of 2,3BPG

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

ABO hemolytic disease

A

O mother with A or B fetus

mild jaundice in neonate within 24 hrs of birth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Hb on electrophoresis

A

A fat santa Claus

A travels furthest

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

VWF and coag

A

protects and carries factor 8

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

factor V leiden

A

mutation produces factor V resistant to inhibition by protein C

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

antithrombin inhibition

A

2,7,9,10,11,12

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

protein C

A

inactivates 5a and 8a

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

induction Gp2b/3a

A

ADP binding P2Y12

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Ristocetin

A

activates vWF to bind Gp1b

failure occurs in vWF disease and Bernard-Soulier syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

causes acanthocyte

A

liver disease, abetalipoproteinemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

burr cell

A

end stage renal disease, liver disease, pyruvate kinase deficiency
more uniform than acanthocyte

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
causes target cell
HbC, asplenia, liver disease, thalassemia
26
deletions alpha thalassemia
cis worse-Asian | trans-African
27
Hb Barts
found in 4 deletions | incompatible with life
28
HbH
found with 3 deletions | excess beta globulin formation B4
29
cause of beta thalassemia
mutations in splice sites and promoter sequences
30
labs b thal minor
increase A2
31
risk for b thal major
B19
32
labs b thal major
HbF
33
lead inhibition
ferrochelatase and ALAD
34
symptoms lead poisoning
lead lines | wrist and foot drop
35
treatment lead poisoning
EDTA and dimercaprol | succimer in children
36
genetic sideroblastic anemia
defect in ALAS | could also be B6 deficit
37
B12 vs folate
increase both lab findings and neuro in B12
38
tracts B12 def
lateral corticospinal tract, spinocerebellar, dorsal column
39
orotic aciduria
inability to convert orotic acid to UMP due to defective UMP synthase AR
40
treatment orotic aciduria
uridine monophosphate
41
diff orotic aciduria and ornithine transcarbamylase
no hyperammonemia in orotic aciduria
42
cause Diamond-Blackfan anemia
defect in erythroid progenitor cells | increase %HbF
43
labs intravascular hemolysis
decrease haptoglobin | hemoglobinuria, hemosiderinuria and urobilinogen in urine
44
etiology anemia of chronic disease
increase hepcidin inhibits iron transport | give EPO in CKD
45
cause Fanconi anemia
DNA repair defect causing bone marrow failure | short stature, increase tumors/leukemias, cafe-au-lait spots, thumb/radial defects
46
pyruvate kinase deficiency
AR rigid RBCs, increase 23BPG and decreased affinity for O2 leads to hemolytic anemia in newborn
47
cause PNH
GPI anchor for DAF | leads to increased leukemias
48
labs PNH
CD55/59-
49
complications sickle
painful crises, acute chest syndrome, avascular necrosis, renal papillary necrosis and microhematuria (medullary infarcts)
50
smear HbC
crystals inside RBCs, target cells | from lysine mutation in beta globin
51
warm agglutination
SLE and CLL IgG mediated also alpha-methyldopa
52
cold agglutination
CLL, mycoplasma, mono | IgM mediated
53
Direct Coombs
anti-Ig Ab to patient RBC
54
Indirect Coombs
normal RBC to patient serum
55
lab diff iron def and chronic disease anemia
decreased transferrin in chronic disease | increase ferritin in chronic disease
56
defective enzyme acute intermittent porphyria
porphobilinogen deaminase leads to accumulation of ALA and porphobilinogen AD
57
symptoms acute intermittent porphyria
``` painful abdomen port wine colored urine polyneuropathy psychological distubrances precipitated by drugs-p450 inducers, alcohol, starvation ```
58
treatment acute intermittent porphyria
glucose and heme
59
defective enzyme porphyria cutanea tarda
uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase AD | leads to increase uroporphyrin
60
symptoms porphyria cutanea tarda
blistering cutaneous photosensitivity and hyperpigmentation | exacerbated by alcohol
61
mechanism iron poisoning
cell death due to peroxidation of membrane lipids
62
coagulation studies
factor inhibitors will not correct
63
hemophilia C
AR | defective 11
64
defect bernard-soulier
defective platelet plug formation | decrease Gp1b
65
defect Glanzmann thrombasthenia
defect in Gp2b3a | blood smear shows no platelet to platelet clumping
66
labs ITP
large megs | Ab to Gp2b3a
67
labs TTP
increase LDH normal coag increase BT
68
causes DIC
sepsis (gram-), trauma, obstetric complications, acute pancreatitis, malignancy, nephrotic syndrome
69
anti-thrombin deficiency
diminishes increase in PTT following heparin admin | can be acquired from renal failure-lost in urine leading to decreased inhibition of 2a/10a
70
protein C or S def
decreased ability to inactivate 5a/8a
71
protnrhombin mutation
in 3' UTR leads to increased production | leads to venous clots
72
contents cryoprecipitate
fibrinogen, factor 8,13, vWF, fibronectin | give for factor deficiencies
73
blood transfusion risks
iron overload hypocalcemia (due to citrate binding Ca) hyperkalemia
74
associations non-hodgkin lymphoma
HIV and autoimmune
75
cell markers hodgkin lymphoma
15, 30
76
genetics diffuse large B cell lymphoma
bcl2, bcl6
77
presentation follicular lymphoma
waxing and waning
78
genetics and association marginal zone lymphoma
11;18 | associated with chronic inflammation-Sjogren and chronic gastritis
79
primary central nervous system lymphoma
associated with HIV/AIDS pathogenesis involves EBV needs to be distinguished from toxo
80
ault T cell lymphoma
caused by HTLV (IV drug association) | cutaneous lesions, lytic bone lesions and hypercalcemia
81
M spike
Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia
82
Pseudo-Pegler-Huet anomaly
neutrophils with bilobed nuclei | seen after chemo
83
ALL
children, Down syndrome TdT and CD10+ 11;21
84
spread ALL
CNS and testes
85
CLL
20,23,5+ | smudge cells
86
Richter transformation
CLL into aggressive lymphoma-diffuse large B cell lymphoma
87
Hairy cell leukemia
mature B cell tumor marrow fibrosis, massive splenomegaly stains TRAP
88
treatment hairy cell leukemia
cladribine, pentostatin
89
transformation CML
``` to AML or ALL low LAP (diff from leukemoid reaction) ```
90
itching after hot shower
polycythemia vera | decrease EPO
91
presentation essential thrombocythemia
massive megs and platelets, symptoms of bleeding and thrombosis
92
cause relative polycythemia
decrease plasma volume from dehydration and burns
93
presentation langerhans cell histiocytosis
lytic bone lesions and skin rash | recurrent otitis media
94
cell markers langerhans cell histiocytes
S100 (mesodermal) and CD1a
95
HIT
IgG ab against heparin platelet factor 4
96
reverse dabigatran
idarucizumab
97
adverse cytarabine
pancytopenia
98
MOA 5FU
bioactivated by 5-FdUMP and complexes with thymidylate synthase and folic acid inhibits thymidylate synthase
99
leucovorin
increases effects 5FU
100
busulfan vs bleomycin
minimal BM suppression with bleo
101
MOA cyclophosphamide
crosslink at guanine N7 | requires activation by liver
102
MOA mesna
binds toxic metabolites
103
bevacizumab
inhibits VEGF
104
erlotinib
inhibits EGFR tyrosine kinase for non-small cell lung cancer
105
cetuximab
ab against EGFR used for colorectal, head and neck cancer can elevated LFTs
106
adverse rituximab
increase risk of PML
107
bortezomib, carfilzomib
protease inhibitors arrest G2-M can be used for MM and mantle cell lymphoma can reactivate herpes, cause peripheral neuropathy
108
raloxifene
no risk of endometrial carcinoma
109
vemurafenib
inhibits BRAF in V600E melanoma
110
rasburicase
recombinant uricase that catalyzes uric acid to allantoin | prevention and treatment of tumor lysis syndrome

Step One (19 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions